Resilience Of People Research Articles

Resilience and Psychobiological Response to Stress in Older People: The Mediating Role of Coping Strategies.

Resilience, the ability to overcome adversity and face stressful demands and experiences, has been strongly associated with successful aging, a low risk of diseases and high mental and physical functioning. This relationship could be based on adaptive coping behaviors, but more research is needed to gain knowledge about the strategies employed to confront social stress. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of the use of active or passive coping strategies by resilient people in dealing with stressful situations. For this purpose, we measured resilience, coping strategies, and perceived stress in 66 healthy older adults (31 men and 35 women) between 56 and 75 years old who were exposed to stress (Trier Social Stress Test, TSST) or a control situation. The stress response was analyzed at endocrine (cortisol) and psychological (anxiety) levels. In the stress condition, moderated mediation analysis showed a conditional indirect effect of resilience on cortisol reactivity through active coping. However, passive coping strategies did not mediate the resilience-cortisol relationship. In addition, neither active nor passive coping mediated the relationship between resilience and the anxiety response. These results suggest that resilience is associated with active coping strategies, which in turn could explain, at least in part, individual differences in the cortisol response to a psychosocial laboratory stressor. These factors may prevent the development of stress-related pathologies associated with aging and facilitate healthy and satisfactory aging.

Compassionate Theodicy: A Suggested Truce Between Intellectual and Practical Theodicy

AbstractThe basic morality of theodicy is oft disputed. Classical theodicists defend the pursuit of an intellectual solution to the problem of evil while anti‐theodicists and practical theodicists argue that this distracts efforts from alleviating the pain people suffer. In this article, I draw on psychological studies that show that beliefs about God and evil change how resilient people are in their experience of pain. In light of that research, I suggest that the pursuit of an intellectual solution to the problem of evil is actually a part of the practical response to evil. However, the pursuit of a solution must be undertaken by the person who has suffered evil, not by the theodicist on their behalf. The theodicist must instead take up the role of coach or guide to the process of making sense of evil—this is what I call compassionate theodicy. I finish with an example of a resource that attempts a compassionate theodicy, showing the links between theory and practice.

Bounce Forward: A School-Based Prevention Programme for Building Resilience in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Context

Socioeconomic status is a strong predictor of normative development and well-being in young people. It is well-known that growing up in a socioeconomically disadvantaged context may lead to negative outcomes, both in childhood and in adulthood. Early intervention and prevention programmes are crucial for building resilience and improving health, well-being and equity. Bounce Forward is a school-based prevention programme implemented in Blackpool, a town in the United Kingdom facing multiple challenges. It was part of a whole town resilience approach and nascent global social movement known as the “Resilience Revolution.” Between 2017 and 2019, the programme was delivered in all Year 5 classes at every primary school in Blackpool (nschool = 36), reaching out to 3,134 students (ages 9–10; 50.4% male). The programme aimed to increase resilience in young people by building knowledge and skills about mental health and resilience through 10 sessions. In the current study, we longitudinally examined a range of protective factors, which are relevant to young people's resilience, as well as their mental health outcomes at three time points: before they participated in Bounce Forward, at the end of the programme, and 3–5 months later, when they started Year 6. The current sample included 441 Year 5 students (54.2% male) from 11 primary schools in Blackpool. Nineteen teaching staff also participated in the study and provided qualitative data regarding the impact of the programme on their students. Results showed improvement in some areas of young people's resilience after taking part in Bounce Forward. We also identified gender differences in several protective factors, indicating that boys may need further support. Teaching staff highlighted improvements in various areas; and also observed that their students have been using the strategies that they learnt from the programme. Altogether, findings suggested that young people benefitted from Bounce Forward. The programme is sustainable, offering a free to download teacher resource pack that allows schools to self-deliver it.

The Silver Lining to Teaching Online in the Covid-19 Era

The Silver Lining to Teaching Online in the Covid-19 Era Danica Guerrero Have you ever heard a teacher say: "I teach. What's your superpower?" It is true that teachers, and perhaps language teachers specifically, are among the most creative, resilient, and resourceful people I have ever known. Even so, the Covid-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges for all of us. We could complain about the lost instructional time or lament the feeling of disconnection from our beloved students and our sense of what is "normal." The difficult nature of these past several months is certainly something no one will deny. But what if we tried to find the silver lining instead? What can we learn from these unusual times, and how can we keep transforming and creatively reimagining our classrooms to respond to these daunting challenges? Perhaps some of the advantages below will help to reframe the discussion by reminding us to focus on the things we can control: showing our students we care for them and value their education; responding mindfully to setbacks; forging bravely into unknown circumstances; and choosing to view our current dilemma as an opportunity to sharpen our skills. Here are some potential advantages to online teaching. Technology-Based Advantages 1. Technical competence: Managing a virtual classroom encourages us to increase our technical competence in order to connect with our students, who, for the most part, belong to a technologically-advanced generation. For some time, we have known this skill set was necessary, but there is no time like the present to embrace the advantages technology can offer to language instruction. The goal is not to be familiar with every possible gadget, app, or useful website, but rather to find a few tools that meet our needs and to use them consistently to connect with students when physical meetings are not possible. Learning management systems such as Canvas and Schoology are a great place to start, as they provide a multi-purpose interface for announcements, assignments, gradebooks, voice recordings, and discussion forums. Most campuses have a dedicated technology expert who [End Page 51] can provide technical support when needed, so do not be afraid to experiment with these tools if your school implements them. 2. Devices are all around us: Most students have access to at least one device, whether it is a smartphone, a tablet, a Chromebook, or a laptop, and many school districts are also issuing devices to families as needed for use at home. Learning to leverage these devices while we are outside of the classroom, even in simple ways such as voice recordings and the use of websites such as lyricstraining.com for vocabulary and listening comprehension, is valuable and will still serve us well when we return to campus. The art of teaching may forever be impacted by what we learn during this pandemic, so why not encourage our students to put those devices to good use and discover what technology could contribute to our lessons? 3. Get that cherished "face time": Many students and teachers alike have expressed sadness at not being able to see their friends and colleagues face-to-face during this shutdown. While we cannot actually be together, it can be beneficial to "meet" virtually through platforms such as Zoom, Microsoft Rooms, and Google Hangouts/Meet, even if meetings are optional, brief, or even nonacademic. While not everyone will attend, many students will, and checking in to remind them that we care about them as human beings matters so much these days. It can boost morale and motivate students to keep going, even when everything seems uncertain. Many learners may benefit from that extra dose of motivation and encouragement, and it will lift our spirits too. 4. Technological vocabulary: A virtual classroom presents an opportunity to teach and reinforce technology-related vocabulary, which is becoming increasingly relevant in today's world. We can easily share a Quizlet list that includes such terms as: un clavier, une souris, un écran, une application, un logiciel, un disque dur, une tablette, un fichier, enregistrer, télécharger, mettre à jour, démarrer, éteindre. Or we can ask students to create a list of the most useful French...

Predicting Perceived Health of Older Adults: The Role of Health, Personality, and Resilience

Past research has not addressed how domain-specific “health” personality traits are associated with resilience and well-being. The purpose of this study was to determine pathways from health personality to perceived health, mediated by resilience. Data included 3,907 participants, 65 and older, collected by a large provider of Medicare Supplemental Health Insurance. The Health Personality Assessment (health neuroticism, health extraversion, health openness, health agreeableness, and health conscientiousness), Brief Resilience Scale, and perceived health were measured. Structural equation modeling and bootstrap mediation were conducted in Mplus. The hypothesized model resulted in a marginal fit, so direct paths from health openness and health conscientiousness to perceived health were added, resulting in an improved fit, χ2(192)=1660.96, RMSEA=.04, CFI=.95; χ2∆(2)=403.99, p<.001. Health neuroticism and health extraversion negatively predicted perceived health, fully mediated by resilience, β=-.11, p<.001, and β=-.01, p<.05, suggesting that people anxious about their health or that talk about their health had significantly lower levels of resilience. Resilience positively predicted perceived health, indicating that more resilient people reported better health. Higher levels of health openness predicted significantly lower levels of perceived health, β=-.19, p<.001. Greater levels of health conscientiousness predicted better perceived health, β=.20, p<.001, and resilience in-turn positively related to perceived health, β=.08, p<.001. Health personality and resilience explained 25.3% of variance in perceived health. This study exemplifies the importance of health personality and resilience in predicting perceived health for older adults. Future research should examine interventions focused on health personality increasing resilience, as older adults with higher resilience reported significantly better health.

The Novelty of Religion and Art: Should We Combine with STEM Education?

One of the meaningful learning implications is the formation of Long-Term Memory (LTM). Through the development of concepts related to the problems of everyday life that bridge LTM and the implementation of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) as an educational approach, it enables students to realize the importance of knowledge for society. However, some aspects of society are excluded from STEM, in that way a transformation needs to be carried out. Art and Religion need to be developed in STEM to nurture students, environment, and society to the full. Several examples are presented to represent the relationship between STEM with art and religion, not only in terms of learning outcomes in schools, but also the expectations to create resilient people in facing the future challenges. With Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STREAM) education approach.

Psychological Variables Related to Adaptation to the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain.

Recent studies show that quarantine and lockdown are effective measures for controlling COVID-19 outbreaks, but may be an unpleasant experience with psychological consequences. For this reason, the main aim of this study was to determine which personal sociodemographic and psychological variables are related to adapting to lockdown in a Spanish population. Questionnaires were administered to 2,055 individuals (60.7% women) who were resident in Spain and aged between 18 and 80 years old. We also administered some items related to feelings and behaviors during lockdown. The results showed that sex and age are variables to be taken into account. In fact, women tended to show greater stress, a more pessimistic attitude, and lower self-esteem. However, older people adapted better to lockdown although they were also more worried. Married people also adapted better although they too were more worried. The results also showed that more resilient people, with higher subjective happiness and life satisfaction, develop strategies for adapting positively to adversity, and tend to adapt better to lockdown, with more positive attitudes and behaviors. In terms of personality traits, higher neuroticism and lower extraversion were related to worse adaptation to lockdown. This study also showed that lockdown has had a negative psychological impact on those people who did not adapt well to the situation and the changes during the first 4 weeks of lockdown.

CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS OF RESILIENCE: MULTIPLE ACCOUNTS OF ADULT CONFLICTS

This study aims to examine the characteristics that are possessed by resilient people, guided by two main research questions that were asked to understand further about the situation which are (i) characteristics of resilience, and (ii) factors that contribute to resilience. Data was collected through face-to-face interview and written response. A total of three people were involved as participants by using convenient sampling. Interview transcripts and written responses were coded, analysed, and the emerging key themes were discussed. The analysis suggested that resilient people possessed characteristics such as having a positive outlook, endurance, determination, resourcefulness, and spiritual belief in overcoming problems or obstacles in life. Having these characteristics allows individuals to persevere and contribute to their resilience. In addition, the results found that factors that contributed towards resilience are early experience, better life, goals, mindfulness and social support. This study provides an insight on how resilient people act and carry themselves to overcome adversities. It is hoped that the qualitative outcome of this study will help people, especially educators and parents to gradually build these characteristics in young people to help them to become a resilience person, despite all the struggles in life.

Search for Identity: A Study of Manju Kapur’s Difficult Daughters

This paper presents the woman as a person who fights against concealment and mistreatment of the male-controlled society. The novel Difficult Daughters reasonably shows the situation of ladies and her aching battle to build up an identity. Manju Kapur has come out as a genuine social scholar in her novels in light of the fact that there is a reason behind her composition. Her novels has been composed with a distinct reason in the light of the fact that the author attempts to dissect issues identified with the working class or upper white-collar class women. Manju Kapur is greatly intrigued to present the inquiries and issues identified with women’s from larger point of view. In her novels, the questions have developed basically with regards to the identity of the educated working-class women. Manju Kapur's female protagonists are generally well-read. They are resilient people yet detained inside the limit of moderate society. Their instruction drives them to free speculation for which their family and society become unbearable to them, in their individual fight with family and society through which they dove into a committed exertion to look a personality for them as the qualified woman with flawless foundation. The author has depicted her protagonist as woman trapped in the contention between the interests of the fragile living creature and longing to be a piece of the political and scholarly society of today.

Applying to Medical School in the COVID-19 Era

Applying to Medical School in the COVID-19 Era

The measurement of resilience

Resilience has become an important topic in many social sciences. Numerous individual choices and economic and demographic outcomes are likely to be influenced by people's resilience. School performance, work absenteeism and burnout, longevity, the quality of sleep and health-risk behaviors such as substance abuse are some examples. Similarly, it is of high policy relevance to understand the determinants of both individual resilience (such as educational, marital and occupational status) and ecological resilience (such as climate change). Empirical work designed to uncover such relationships suffers from the absence of a resilience measure applicable in the context of large data sets. We fill this gap by proposing a specific measure that is characterized by a set of natural properties. After an introduction to the notion of resilience and its attributes, we argue why these conditions have intuitive appeal. Finally, we provide illustrating examples and derive our main characterization result.

Defining Resilience in Older People: Does a Subjective Definition of Stressor Work?

The operational definition of resilience is elusive and resilient people are difficult to identify. We used self-reported "major health event" (srMHE) to identify resilience and evaluate the functional and mortality trajectories associated with this condition. We selected from the InCHIANTI study persons aged 65 or older who could perform the Short Physical Performance Battery at baseline and attended the 3 years follow-up visit. We identified 4 groups: Controls: no srMHE and no decline in physical function; Decliners: no srMHE and decline in physical function; Resilient: srMHE and no decline in physical function; and Non-resilient: srMHE and decline in physical function. Linear mixed models and Cox regression were used to analyze changes in activities of daily living (ADL) score over 9- and 10-year mortality across groups, respectively. The 313 participants that reported a srMHE had worse perceived health status and higher number of GP visits and prescribed drugs at baseline. Of these, 78 were Resilient and 235 Non-resilient; of the remaining, 136 were Controls and 277 Decliners. Compared to the Controls, Resilient had similar change of ADL score over time (β: -.03, p = .92) and mortality (hazard ratio: 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.76-2.23), while Decliners and Non-resilient showed significantly higher mortality and, the latter, worsening of ADL score. Additional srMHE during follow-up affected the rate of change of ADL score and mortality more in the Controls group than in the Resilient group. A srMHE along with repeated evaluation of physical function may be used to identify resilience in older people, and may complement the standard functional evaluation of geriatric patients.

Cardiac defense reactivity and cognitive flexibility in high- and low-resilience women.

Resilience is a protective health variable that contributes to successful adaptation to stressful experiences. However, in spite of its relevance, few studies have examined the psychophysiological and neuropsychological mechanisms involved in resilience. The present study analyzes, in a sample of 54 young women, the relationships between high- and low-resilience, measured with the Spanish versions of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire and the Resilience Scale, and two indices of psychophysiological and neuropsychological adaptability, the cardiac defense response (CDR) and cognitive flexibility. The CDR is a specific reaction to an unexpected intense noise characterized by two acceleration-deceleration heart rate components. Cognitive flexibility, defined as the ability to adapt our behavior to changing environmental demands, is measured in this study with the CAMBIOS neuropsychological test. The results showed that the more resilient people, in addition to having better scores on mental health questionnaires, had a larger initial acceleration-deceleration of the CDR-indicative of greater vagal control, obtained better scores in cognitive flexibility, and evaluated the intense noise as less unpleasant than the less resilient people. No group differences were found in the second acceleration-deceleration of the CDR-indicative of sympathetic cardiac control, in the skin conductance response, or in subjective intensity of the noise. The present findings broaden the understanding of how resilient people change their adaptable responses to address environmental demands.

M65. INTERPLAY OF TRAIT RESILIENCE WITH NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AND PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH PUTATIVE ‘AT RISK MENTAL STATE’

BackgroundIn the last decades psychological resilience has been increasingly recognized as a relevant area of research and clinical intervention in mental health. However, in the field of “at risk mental states” this topic remains underexplored. Limited studies involving individuals with ‘at risk mental state’ have demonstrated that they have lower levels of resilience than healthy controls, and that baseline resilience is lower among those who convert to frank psychosis than among those who do not. What is more, at risk individuals are characterized by a wide range of cognitive impairments, including general intelligence, executive function, verbal and visual memory, verbal fluency, attention, working memory, processing speed and social cognition. Recently, it has also been shown that a great majority of at-risk individuals have personality disorders, mainly depressive, borderline or schizotypal type.MethodsNinety-three young adults were administered a neurocognitive battery assessing attention, processing speed, verbal learning, working memory and verbal fluency along with Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), a self-report measure of psychological resilience (CD-RISC 10) and a semi-structured interview assessing at-risk mental state (CAARMS). We performed a two-step regression analysis. In the first model the results of cognitive tests were included as predictors of resilience, in the second model we added personality and temperamental traits to the significant cognitive predictors from the first model.ResultsThe first model demonstrated that verbal fluency (b*=0.25, p=0.033), digit coding score (b*=-0.27, p=0.039), TMT version B performance time (b*=-0.33, p<0.005), and D2 test total score (b*=-0.32, p<0.005) were all significant predictors of resilience. In the second model all of them except for D2 test total score, remain significant along with Self-directedness (b*=0.33, p<0.001) and Reward dependence (b*=0.22, p=0.022) subscales of TCI. What is more, resilience has proven to be a predictor of the positive symptoms subscale in CAARMS (b=-0.21, p=0,047).DiscussionThe obtained results indicate that resilience is associated with both neurocognitive functioning and personality traits, although significant standardized beta scores are not high (they range from 0.21 to 0.33) in this sample. Generally, they are consistent with previous findings that more resilient people are more ‘cognitively dexterous’ than those who are more prone to stress and adversity. However, an interesting findings of our study is the negative beta coefficients for digit symbol coding and D2 total score with resilience, which suggests that more resilient individuals do not necessarily “do their best” on cognitive testing. The result can also be examined from the point of view of the relationship between resilience and reward dependence demonstrated in this study. Perhaps the more resilient participants were aware that they would receive a reward (cash voucher) for participating in the study anyway, so they were not motivated enough to complete the task at their utmost. Nontheless, these results stimulate the reflection on the definition of resilience that still remain equivocal and polysemic.

Psychological Resilience Level of Individuals Living in Çanakkale, Turkey

Disasters affect individuals psychologically and some individuals take a long time to get rid of this effect. Psychological resilience is defined as the individuals having a psychologically strong structure, being affected by negative situations as little as possible and getting rid of stressful situations quickly. The aim of this study is to determine the psychological resilience level of individuals living in Çanakkale. Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was used to determine the participants’ resilience level. Participants in the study are 412 individuals, aged between 18 and 60, who are determined by the simple random sampling method living in the Central District of Çanakkale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software. Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.92. The mean of the psychological resilience level was 3.75. Results showed that the most psychologically resilient people are males, high school graduates, individuals between the ages of 29-39, divorced, those who do not have children, those with a monthly income of more than 3001 TL, those with natural disaster insurance and those who are previously faced a disaster.

Elderly after a Disaster: Not Only Victims but also Resilient People

During the last 20 years, It was possible to see that the most of the inventoried studies concerning senior citizens in the field of disasters, deal with the frequency of psychological problems like post-traumatic stress, anxiety or depression arising after being expose to a disaster [1-6]. Other research looks at the relationship between perceived and received social support and the post-disaster health of senior citizens [2,7,8]. A limited number of researchers deal with the resiliency process of which senior citizens are a part of during disruptive events as well as the positive and negative impacts on personal values and beliefs of senior citizens [9].

Street outreach triptych.

This collection of 55-Word Stories is inspired by the resilient people experiencing chronic homelessness in downtown Salt Lake City and the dedicated team at Fourth Street Clinic in Utah. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

CPR to the Rescue!: An Interprofessional Pilot Program: Cultivating Practices for Resilience (CPR) Camp.

The hCATS (health Colleges Advancing Team Skills) to CPR (Cultivating Practices for Resilience) Camp was an interprofessional pilot program to promote resilience, introduce strategies for coping with stress, cultivate compassion, and promote work-life balance to prevent burnout among health profession students, faculty, and healthcare professionals who team to provide patient care. The University of Kentucky (UK) College of Nursing received funding to partner with the UK Center for Interprofessional Health Education for immersive weekend activities utilizing KORU and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction models, conducted by certified UK faculty experts in self-stewardship techniques such as mindfulness practices. Thirty-nine participants from 7 UK colleges and UK HealthCare participated in 4 distinct CPR Camps, completed program assessments, and created team projects. Mean scores from each cohort significantly increased in a retrospective pre/post analysis of student perception of knowledge in all of the following categories: (1) habits and practices for resilient people, (2) strategies for building resilience and preventing/coping with stress/burnout in self and others, and (3) work-life balance (with the exception of cohort 4, for work-life balance). Students indicated on open-response items specific strategies they were willing to adopt going forward. These outcomes met our objectives for developing participants' understanding of resilience practices and adopting useful stress reduction practices. Planning and implementation of team projects successfully brought different professions together to advance learning in resilience. The CPR Camp initiative is an effective model for promoting and sustaining resilience-building strategies among health profession students. Similar programming conducted and/or attended by academic and/or health system leaders, such as clinical nurse specialists, can help cultivate practices for resilience among the members of the interprofessional workforce, enabling teams to better cope with stress, prevent burnout, and ultimately improve team-based care delivery for patients and their families.

Lived Experience: Deaf Professionals' Stories of Resilience and Risks.

Navigating a phonocentric and audistic society can be challenging for Deaf people, yet some of them adapt and exhibit resilience. Although there is a plethora of resilience studies, Deaf people's narratives are largely unexplored. This phenomenological study explored from a Deaf cultural-linguistic lens 10 Deaf professionals who use American Sign Language in the United States and their observation of other Deaf people's lived experience. The study focused particularly on their experiences in overcoming significant barriers in their lives and the factors that strengthen Deaf people's resilience. Based on qualitative data gathered from narrative interviews, three main themes emerged from this study: (a) Barriers to Incidental Learning: The Dinner Table Syndrome; (b) Importance of Family Involvement; and (c) Protective Role of the Deaf Community as a Second Family. The stories in this study highlight how Deaf professionals and other Deaf people navigate barriers and manifest resilience.

Does resilience help sustain relationships in the face of interpersonal transgressions?

This research tested the relation between victims’ trait resilience and transgression severity on unforgiving and forgiving responses. We predicted that less resilient people would be less forgiving, whereas more resilient people would be more forgiving. We also expected resilience and transgression severity would interact to influence victims’ responses. Two studies that varied in samples (community, undergraduate) and methods (observational, quasi-experimental) confirmed our hypotheses. In Study 1 (N = 171), we confirmed our hypotheses using a community sample of adults. The findings were replicated and extended in Study 2 (N = 204), using an undergraduate sample and a quasi-experimental design.