People's Perceptions Research Articles

Social representations of young people about people with disabilities and disabilities in an inclusive educational environment: the experience of cross-cultural research

Relevance. Interest in the study of social representations arose due to the development of inclusion in all spheres of life. This fact has an impact on the specifics of training Russian and foreign students in this field in a medical university, the development of their inclusive competence. The study of cross-cultural features of social representations of persons with disabilities and the disabled, the identification of universal and specific phenomena in respondents will contribute to understanding social and psychological phenomena at the individual level that determine social attitudes and behavior of individuals in an inclusive modern society, taking into account its sociocultural characteristics.The purpose of the study is to study the cross-cultural characteristics of social perceptions of people with disabilities and people with disabilities among Russian and foreign students.Objectives: to analyze the content characteristics and approaches to the study of social representations; to develop programs of empirical research; to describe the results of the study; to formulate conclusions.Methodology. This study is based on the provisions of the theory of social constructionism (P. Berger, T. Lukman; J.Douglas); E. Durkheim's concepts of collective representations; theories of social representations (S. Moscovici, D. Jodelet, etc.). Research methods: theoretical analysis of literature, research interview, method of verbal associations, testing, content analysis.Results. Both similar and specific phenomena in social representations of people with disabilities and people with disabilities in the samples of Russian and foreign students were revealed. Similar is the presence of tolerant attitudes towards people with disabilities and people with disabilities in both samples. The differences relate to the social level of social perceptions, as well as the characteristics of social distance in relation to respondents to this category of citizens.Conclusions. Along with a tolerant attitude towards people with disabilities and people with disabilities, respondents have insufficient professional awareness of this category of citizens, experience difficulties in interacting with them at the level of joint activities and professional relationships, which requires the development of additional programs and practices in the context of social, educational and volunteer activities to develop inclusive competence of students.

Views and experiences of older people taking part in a safe-falling training program: Lessons learned from the FAlling Safely Training (FAST) trial

BackgroundWhile falls are the leading cause of accidental injury among older people, the current fall prevention strategies have not resulted in a remarkable reduction in fall rates. An alternative novel approach, teaching older adults how to fall safely to prevent injury, has been recently implemented in the FAlling Safely Training (FAST) trial. The current study aimed to explore the views and perceptions of older people about their participation in the safe-falling training program.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with eight community-dwelling older adults (age range: 66 to 76 years, five females) at risk of falling who completed the FAST program. Two focus groups involving four participants each were conducted. Recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified following the analysis: (1) Before the training; with subthemes: Previous fall prevention strategies and Motivation to participate. Motivations to take part in the training included worries about falling, an awareness of an increased risk of falling, and a desire to decrease the chances of sustaining an injury. (2) Training itself; with subthemes: General impressions of the training and Learning the techniques. Older people highlighted that the training was well-designed and executed. (3) Going forward; with subthemes: Training increased confidence, Incorporating in a community setting, and Proposing improvements to the study. It was reported that the training enhanced participants’ confidence about falling without injury. Incorporating the training into a community context was discussed, and suggestions for program enhancements were made. The individual nature of the training was valued, but participants also provided suggestions for how they would see the program taking place successfully in small groups.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the safe-falling training was acceptable to older adults. The perceived ability to fall without injury was reported to have increased. Individuals who experienced a fall after the training ended reported being able to use the techniques learned in their daily life. The findings have implications for the training to be refined and implemented in the community.Trial registrationThe article is linked to a randomized controlled trial registered at http://ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05260034).

Investigating work commuters mode choice behavior in Dalian city during pandemic: a hybrid choice model approach

ABSTRACT This study examined commuters' mode choice behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the impact of both tangibles and intangibles factors. To do so, the authors developed a Hybrid Choice Model (HCM) which investigated the effects of sociodemographic characteristics, travel attributes, and intangible factors such as satisfaction, safety, and discomfort, on travel behavior. The model was tested using Stated Preference data collected from commuters in Dalian City (China) via wenjuanxing, an online survey platform. The results indicate that individual characteristics played a significant role in shaping people's perceptions and mode choice behavior was influenced by sociodemographic factors, travel characteristics, and the aforementioned intangible factors. More specifically, individuals, who perceived a higher level of safety, measured in terms of worries about robbery, accidents, and pandemic concerns, were less likely to choose cars. People with a stronger perception of discomfort favored metro over bus. Private car users reported higher satisfaction. The findings will be useful to policymakers for establishing more resilient transport solutions.

PERAN ETIKA INOVASI DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN LEMBAGA DAKWAH DI ERA DISRUPTIF

This disruptive era has had the impact of major changes in various fields, including da'wah institutions. Da'wah institutions as religious organizations face the challenge of remaining relevant, effective, and harmonious in conveying moral and spiritual messages to society. In this context, the ethics of innovation and entrepreneurship are key to the adaptation of da'wah institutions, because they can influence people's perceptions of these institutions. This research aims to explore how da'wah institutions apply innovation ethically and how entrepreneurship can support its sustainability in a disruptive era. Using qualitative research methods, this research explores insights from various da'wah institutions through library research based on primary data sources and secondary data to examine the ethics of innovation and entrepreneurship in the context of da'wah institutions. Primary data are journals and books related to secondary data obtained from dictionaries, encyclopedias, and journal reviews. The research results show that ethical innovation and moral entrepreneurship are important factors in maintaining the relevance of da'wah institutions in a disruptive era and the role of ethics in innovation and entrepreneurship in da'wah institutions.

Perceptual sensitivity to labeling stereotyped emotion expressions: Associations with age and subclinical psychopathology symptoms from childhood through early adulthood.

This study investigates (a) age-related differences in how the intensity of stereotyped facial expressions influence the emotion label children, adolescents, and adults assign to that face and (b) how this perceptual sensitivity relates to subclinical symptoms of psychopathology. In 2015-2016, 184 participants aged 4-25 years viewed posed stereotypes of angry, fearful, sad, and happy expressions morphed with neutral expressions at 10%-90% intensity. Thin plate regression smoothing splines were used to chart nonlinear associations between age and the perceptual threshold participants needed to assign the emotion label expected based on cultural consensus. Results suggest that sensitivity to labeling stereotypical happy faces as "happy" peaked by age 4. Sensitivity to perceiving stereotypical angry faces as "angry" increased from ages 4 to 7 and then plateaued. In contrast, sensitivity to perceiving stereotypical fearful and sad faces demonstrated protracted development, not reaching a plateau until ages 15 and 16, respectively. Reduction in selecting the "I don't know" response was the primary driver of these age-related changes. Stereotyped fear expressions required the highest intensity to be labeled as such and showed the most marked change in perceptual threshold across development. Interestingly, lower intensity morphs of stereotypical fear faces were frequently labeled "sad." Furthermore, perceiving lower intensity fear morphs was associated with fewer internalizing and externalizing symptoms in participants aged 7-19. This study describes the development of perceptual sensitivity to labeling stereotypical expressions of emotion according to cultural consensus and shows that how people perceive and categorize ambiguous facial expressions is associated with vulnerability to psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Appraisal Attitude Analysis of Korean Expatriates' Cross-Culture Experience in Indonesia: The Implication for BIPA Teaching

AbstractThis research investigates the appraisal attitude framework to identify the level of attitude (affect, judgment, and appreciation) in Korean expatriates in Indonesia in their reflective journals (R.J.). The research uses the grant theory proposed by (J.R Martin & White, 2005; Oteíza, 2017). The study employed a descriptive qualitative method. This article describes their cultural competence and its implication for Indonesian language teaching for foreign speakers (BIPA ). Eight Korean expatriates wrote their R.J.s. The data in this study were lexical resources and phrases for appraisal attitudinal framework. The data is obtained from the expatriates' journals analyzed by U.A.M. Copus, and their appraisal of Indonesian culture is used as the data for the BIPA program. It was also taken from interviews and small surveys about their cultural experience to enrich the data. The results indicate two findings. Firstly, the appraisal attitude analysis of Korean expatriates' cross-cultural experience in Indonesia in their reflective journal showed affect (24.2%%), judgment (52.6%), and appreciation (23.2%). Most Korean expatriates express more positive (47.7%) than negative judgments (30.5%). Second, the system amplification text analysis reveals that the writer primarily uses other people's perceptions (judgments) rather than their own (affect). Lastly, text analysis based on the source of attitude indicates that the writer is the primary source of attitude, meaning that they are primarily responsible for assessing the subject matter they write about, which is Indonesian culture concerning time concepts and religion. In conclusion, it might be said that the expatriates have a more favourable opinion of Indonesian culture. Secondly, the implication of BIPA teaching (Indonesian language teaching for foreign speakers) can be implemented into the curriculum for their training.

Perceptions and Experiences of Animal-Assisted Interventions for People Living With Dementia: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis.

To synthesise stakeholders' experiences and perceptions of animal-assisted intervention (AAI) for people with dementia in community care settings. Qualitative evidence synthesis. We systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and AgeLine for potentially eligible studies. Thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data from included studies. We assessed the methodological limitations of included studies using an adaptation of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and used Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) tool to assess confidence in review findings. This review is reported using the ENTREQ checklist. We included 14 reports from 11 studies and developed three analytical themes incorporating a gardening analogy: planting-connecting with animals, growing-engaging in AAI and nurturing-making AAI work; and six subthemes: willingness to connect, building relationships, a rich experience, the benefits of AAI, individualised and holistic approach and training and support, with 15 key findings. This review describes people's experiences and perceptions of AAI for people with dementia, and provides recommendations on the development and implementation of AAI, with moderate to high confidence. Nurses need to consider the factors that influence the implementation of AAI identified in this review, to facilitate engagement and long-term impacts while adopting AAI in community care settings. This review may enhance healthcare professionals' understanding of AAI for people with dementia in community care settings. AAI is a complex intervention that can be delivered in varied manner. A multicomponent, flexible and individualised AAI is important. Additional training and education for staff are needed. A man with dementia and his wife who share a love of dogs, advised at each step of the review, providing insights and perspectives and contributing as co-authors.

Soundscapy: A python package for soundscape assessment and analysis

Soundscape questionnaires are widely used to gather subjective information about people's perceptions and attitudes towards their acoustic environment. Despite the widespread adoption of ISO/TS 12913-3 guidelines for analyzing soundscape survey data, there are still several interpretations and challenges in application. To enable the easy, accessible, and consistent analysis of soundscape data, an open-source python package called Soundscapy has been developed. This package implements a visualization approach for soundscape data analysis using a probabilistic method that depicts the collective perception of a soundscape as a distribution of responses within the circumplex. In addition, functions for psychoacoustic and acoustic analysis of binaural data are included, with a focus on consistent and optimized processing of multiple recordings. This conference paper outlines the important features of Soundscapy, explains its basic functioning, lists its current capabilities, and gives recommendations for its best use. Finally, the future development of Soundscapy is proposed, including the integration of predictive soundscape models for use in automated assessment and design.

Exploring cross-modal perception: audio, visual, and thermal responses to changes in audio-visual Stimuli within virtual urban parks

Human perception is an essential factor in soundscape. Humans are multisensory beings, and thus, their perceptions are influenced by various multisensorial experiences. Our perception of a soundscape is not solely influenced by the sound in itself but also by various non-auditory factors. This research examines how visual factors, other than auditory, influence people's perceptions in public open spaces. An experiment was conducted using audio and visual stimuli. Three setups were compared: audio-only, visual-only, and combined audio-visual stimuli to observe differences in the respondent's perception. Furthermore, this research examines not only auditory perception but also visual and thermal perceptions, all of which are known to be important in public open spaces. The statistical test ANOVA showed that the Audio-Visual and visual-only stimuli produced a significant difference (p<0.05) in the thermal perception. On the other hand, the Audio-Visual and audio-only stimuli did not result in any significant differences. This study contributes to understanding the interaction between different sensory modalities and how it affects our perception. The findings underscore the importance of considering multisensory experiences, including auditory, visual, and thermal aspects when designing or evaluating environments in urban settings.

Issues and recent research on VHF sound exposure with consideration for young people's hearing perception

We define VHF sound as airborne sound that may be audible to humans above 16 kHz. It has been reported in recent studies that VHF sounds can be annoying when audible. We have therefore carried out various research studies to ensure the safe use of VHF sounds. One of the aim of this study is to obtain basic data for developing guidelines for VHF sound exposure, if necessary.These include measurements of hearing thresholds in the VHF range, ABR measurements, HRTF measurements and acoustic measurements for simulation and current situation of exposure regarding the effect of hair. This paper reports on recent trends in VHF sound exposure in Japan and several studies on the perceptions of young people's hearing of VHF sounds.

Misinformation and perception of COVID-19 and risk assessment among people in Pakistan: A pilot study.

During the coronavirus pandemic, misinformation was circulated through technology and social media on a large scale. Since people rely on media to keep connected and informed, misinformation can prevent them from staying safe. To examine the quality of information reaching Pakistanis, the effect of information/misinformation on people's perception, and its relationship with risky health behaviours in different demographical groups. A community sample of N= 103 Pakistanis was assessed using a mixed-method cross-sectional survey research design to investigate their sources of knowledge/information, perceptions of coronavirus-related facts, and risky health behaviours. Content analysis of the material that participants read/watched indicated the possible effect of media on people's perception of COVID-19. Specific demography (e.g., increasing age) and people's tendency to believe misinformation/information may indicate risky health behaviours pertaining to coronavirus infection. Findings showed how the models considered (social cognitive theory, biological warfare conspiracy theory, theory of planned behaviour, protection motivation theory, the health belief model, and biopsychosocial model) may be relevant to examination of the effects of misinformation on different demographic groups. The findings and models need to be verified on larger, more representative samples of Pakistanis using a large-scale survey based on the insights obtained from this pilot study.

Affordances and Constraints of Automation and Augmentation

Human-AI collaboration is becoming increasingly prevalent in workplaces, and is considered to be an important model for the future of work. Consequently, AI is no longer seen merely as a tool but as a teammate working alongside humans. Currently, the design of AI in team collaboration, particularly human-AI collaboration patterns, has become a focal point for organizations. However, users' perceptions of the affordances and constraints of different collaboration patterns remain insufficient. Therefore, this study introduces a human-AI collaboration business simulation platform, used to simulate a future work environment that has two distinct human-AI collaboration patterns: automation and augmentation. In the unique context of the case enterprise platform, we further investigated the impact of task types (structured and unstructured tasks) on people's perceptions of automation and the influence of knowledge sources (AI designers' and end-users' knowledge-driven development) on people's perceptions of augmentation.

DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOT TECHNOLOGY PERCEPTION SCALE

The Artificial Intelligence and Robot Technology Perception Scale is a measurement tool developed to assess people's perception of risk and functionality related to the said technology. 47-item draft form was applied to a total of 460 volunteer participants. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v26.0 and Lisrel 8.80 programs. According to the EFA result, the developed scale consisted of a 4-factor structure and 26 items, and as a result of Principal Component Analysis scale explained 61.10% of the total variance. The fit indices of the scale were examined with CFA and it was determined that the fit indices of 26 items and the 4-factor structure were at a sufficient level. Within the scope of reliability analysis, Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficients were calculated and found to be .89 for general function perception and .93 for general risk perception, and the reliability level of the scale was found to be high. In the analysis of the scale's items, it was determined that the items were highly predictive and discriminative. Upon thorough examination of all statistical data, it has been established that the developed scale is valid and reliable.

People's Voice: Exploring Discussion Themes on Generative AI and Libraries on X

ABSTRACTThe launch of ChatGPT and other Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) models has significantly influenced people's perceptions of AI, making its impact a widely discussed topic in various areas. In Library and Information Science (LIS), researchers experience the opportunities and challenges presented by GenAI, such as using the rich text from books and digital collections as training data for GenAI and enabling quick summarization and reference consultation for patrons. Meanwhile, concerns have arisen about the generation of fake information and nonexistent text by GenAI and their potential effects on users. This project explores the themes in public discussions regarding the impact of GenAI on libraries. To explore public opinions about the impact of GenAI in libraries, we collected over 50,000 posts from X (formerly Twitter) between November 1, 2022, and May 6, 2024. We manually sampled 1,000 posts focusing on GenAI in the context of libraries. We conducted content analysis to identify the key themes and relationships among these themes. This poster presents our initial findings on different themes and highlights the trends in public opinion. Our analysis provides a curated dataset for training APIs for future investigation.

Tax Morale, Governance Quality And Tax Compliance

This study aims to investigate the relationship between tax morale, governance quality, and tax compliance in Nigeria. The study used the library research approach, which involved examining books, academic journals, and conference papers. According to the evaluation, tax compliance in Nigeria remains below standard, resulting in low tax morale, which is influenced by people's perceptions of government services, a lack of justice, and trust. The study also discovers that tax morale has a significant impact on tax noncompliance, such as a decrease in foreign portfolio equity investment inflows for tax avoidance, self-employed tax payers, and perceptions of higher tax fines and difficulty evading taxes. The study also discovers a favourable link between government quality (excellent governance, views of government accountability and provisions) and tax compliance. Studies have shown a considerable association between tax morale, governance quality, and tax compliance. The study recommends that government put in place efficient and effective tax collection policies, through providing people with accessible ways of paying their taxes, simplifying the process and reduction of taxes imposed on lower income individuals.

PROS AND CONS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN COMMUNICATION

This article examines and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of using native language for students of English classes from a linguistic and psychological point of view using a native speaker teacher as an example. Learning a foreign language at different ages has the most positive effect on the development of memory, attention, thinking, perception, and imagination in people. During the course of learning, the student develops his or her general speech abilities and becomes more versatile.

Transforming Creative Process: A Systematic Literature Review of Discourse on AI Image Generators

ABSTRACTAI image generator, also known as Text‐to‐image generation (TTIG) technology, allows users to generate images based on natural language input. With advancements in AI, debates related to its application in the creative field have flourished. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine discourse that addresses the perception of people in the creative industry towards AI image generators and the impact of AI image generators on these individuals. The analysis of discourse revealed four major categories: 1) Evaluation of product or outcome of AI; 2) Impact of AI on practitioners/artists; 3) Impact of AI on creative industry and society; 4) Capabilities of AI technology. These findings provide insights into the areas of interest within AI image generator discussions on creative activity.

The Role of Diagnostic Models in Prejudice Toward People With Borderline Personality Disorder: An Experimental Investigation.

We tested whether dimensional personality disorder models such as the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) cause less prejudice toward people with borderline personality disorder (BPD) than categorical models, and we sought to identify the mechanisms underpinning this reduction in prejudice. Undergraduate psychology students (n = 183) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (AMPD, categorical, control) and given descriptive information about BPD. Participants in the AMPD and categorical conditions also received a presentation about their respective BPD diagnostic criteria. Students in all conditions then completed a survey assessing their prejudice toward people with BPD. There was no difference between conditions on overall prejudice toward people with BPD. However, the AMPD increased continuum beliefs and decreased categorical beliefs, and these, in turn, affected perceptions of people with BPD as ingroup members, which indirectly reduced prejudice. We have identified pathways through which the AMPD indirectly reduces prejudice toward people with BPD.

Perceived auditory dynamic range is enhanced with wrist-based tactile stimulation.

Tactile stimulation has been shown to increase auditory loudness judgments in listeners. This bias could be utilized to enhance perception for people with deficiencies in auditory intensity perception, such as cochlear implant users. However, several aspects of this enhancement remain uncertain. For instance, does the tactile stimulation need to be applied to the hand or body, or can it be applied to the wrist? Furthermore, can the tactile stimulation both amplify and attenuate the perceived auditory loudness? To address these questions, two loudness-matching experiments were conducted. Participants matched a comparison auditory stimulus with an auditory reference, either with or without spectro-temporally identical tactile stimulation. In the first experiment, fixed-level tactile stimulation was administered to the wrist during the comparison stimulus to assess whether perceived auditory loudness increased. The second experiment replicated the same conditions but introduced tactile stimulation to both the reference and comparison, aiming to investigate the potential decrease in perceived auditory loudness when the two tactile accompaniments were incongruent between the reference and comparison. The results provide evidence supporting the existence of the tactile loudness bias in each experiment and are a step towards wrist-based haptic devices that modulate the auditory dynamic range for a user.

Relationship between Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Personality Traits

Reactions to stimuli vary from person to person. The same stimulus has different effects depending on the perception of different people and the physical and mental states they are in. Considering this difference, situations can be seen in which a person perceives a specific stimulus or group of stimuli as negative and disturbing for themselves. In particular, people with high levels of sensory processing sensitivity feel the negative effects of stimuli more intensely both in terms of their internal processes (hunger, pain, sadness, stress, etc.) and the situation of the physical environment (loud noise, bright light, pungent odor, etc.) which they are in. On the other hand, the existence of situations where sensory processing sensitivity has a positive effect is also noticeable. In this context, the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity and personality traits is examined. The concept of personality is explained in different ways by many different theorists in the international literature. In order to avoid confusion that may arise in the definition and understanding of personality traits, in this review study, personality traits are examined on the basis of the Five Factor Personality Theory. Within the framework of the personality definition of the Five Factor Personality Theory, The relationship between five basic personality traits and sensory processing sensitivity is examined by also considering the subdimensions of each five personality traits.