Minds Of People Research Articles

The Reinforcements and Punishments in Social Media Addiction

In contemporary society, as electronic devices are having rapid development and growing popularity among the public, social media, as a by-product, has had various effects on all cohorts, aging from below 6 to over 80. The reinforcement and punishment of users by social media has been the focus of attention, not only affecting physical health but also indelibly changing people's minds. This paper aims to define this novel social media and electronics addiction and focus on how this addictive behavior develops. We concentrate on the causes and manifestations of the positive reinforcement and negative punishment associated with social media addiction, analyze and study them, discuss how social media will affect people in the future, and finally explore some approaches to address the symptoms.

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Counterspeech

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Counterspeech

Psychanalyse et thérapies cognitives-comportementales en France : l’improbable rencontre (1971–2011)

ObjectivesThe opposition between psychoanalysis and cognitive-behavioral therapies seems to have become irreducibly entrenched in people's minds, to the point of appearing and functioning today as a commonplace. The present article shows that French practitioners from both sides have, in the past, tried to overcome their antagonisms by working together within the very first French association dedicated to the study of behavioral therapies. While shedding light on a little-known chapter in the history of French psychiatry and of eclecticism in psychotherapy, this investigation encourages us to think afresh about the issues at stake in the contemporary divergences between psychoanalysts and practitioners of behavioral and cognitive therapies. MethodThe method used is that of the social and cultural history of science. Our study was based on the publications of the main actors in this dialogue, the archives of the Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, and a series of interviews with several major figures in the history of French behaviorism. ResultsThe psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Daniel Widlöcher was the main architect of this “unlikely encounter.” As a founding member and later president of the Association Française de Thérapie Comportementale (AFTC), Professor Widlöcher worked to compare the methods, indications, and opportunities of these two therapeutic approaches; published about his findings; and contributed to the creation of a training institute within the AFTC. DiscussionBy appropriating cognitive methods at the turn of the 1990s, the second generation of therapists evolving within the AFTC made a greater effort to distance themselves from the psychoanalytical paradigm than their predecessors. The publication of the INSERM report on the effectiveness of psychotherapy (2004), followed by the Livre noir de la psychanalyse (2005), definitively undermined the efforts made in the past to combine the two approaches. ConclusionLong before the extreme polarization of the mid-2000s, practitioners of psychoanalysis and behavioral therapies worked to overcome their differences in order to find common ground for the implementation of cotherapies. The crux of the discord between psychoanalysts and behavioral therapy practitioners goes beyond mere theoretical and practical issues and debates. The article concludes that this controversy is undeniably linked to questions of power within academic bodies, recognition or social visibility, as well as to economic issues.

Research on the Reform of Ethnic Music Education in the Context of Curriculum Civics

With the rapid development of China's economy, technology and other aspects in the context of curriculum thinking, society's demand for talents has also shown a diversified trend. In such a context, folk music, which is of great significance to the cultivation of students' overall comprehensive quality and innovative ability, has a unique local advantage over other disciplines. At the same time, however, folk music in the traditional sense exists only as an art form in people's minds, and there are still problems in folk music education, such as superficial teaching content, rigid educational models, lack of teachers and insufficient heritage, that need to be addressed. Based on the above background, this paper discusses how the three parties, namely universities, teachers and students, can improve their comprehensive quality through effective means and combine the spirit of innovation to better build and create the cause of folk music education. By combining the actual situation at home and abroad and based on the background of curriculum thinking and politics in the new era, this paper hopes to provide some reference for the current path of ethnic music education reform in China and to promote the comprehensive development of ethnic music in colleges and universities.

Listening to youth voices: Text analysis of youth essays about their communities and concerns

As a demographic, youth (defined by the United Nations as persons aged 15–24 years) are receiving increasing attention in national and global discourses. While attention to youth is welcome and overdue, scholars have argued that the depiction of youth struggles and the portrayal of youth's potential can be incomplete and lacking in nuances. Literature dedicated to uplifting youth voices has challenged and complicated the linear narratives of national and global discourses in helpful ways. In this paper, using a unique dataset of more than 750 youth essays from more than 20 African nations, elements of natural language processing and qualitative insights from youth essays we contribute to this literature that centers youth voices to understand their circumstances. Our analysis reveals the thoughtful and complex ways youth make sense of their worlds and engage with issues they consider most pressing. It shows how youth navigate the dichotomy of their increasingly globalized lives while maintaining a keen connection with their local realities. Our analysis with a particular focus on education also highlights the significant concerns on young people's minds, which overlap with but also extend beyond national and global discourses. The clearest mismatch between concerns most prominent in young people's minds and the research and policy discourse surrounds the issue of “school affordability”. We discuss these findings which underscore the importance of listening to youth voices.

МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И МИРОВОЗЗРЕНЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ФЭНТЕЗИ ЛЮ ЦЫСИНЯ «ЗАДАЧА ТРЁХ ТЕЛ»

Liu Cixin's social fantasy "The Task of Three Bodies" (“The Three-Body Problem” – English translation) is a reflection and scientific analysis, expressed in an artistic form, of the most important realities of the modern world: the increasing degree of political and ideological confrontation, gaining global proportions; the aggravation of the dispute between scientists and anti-scientists, develop-ing into socially destructive actions; the widespread use of gaming technologies to manipulate people's minds; promotion and con-solidation of postmodern worldview attitudes in the public consciousness, blurring the differences between science, game, fantasy, religion or everyday consciousness. Liu Cixin's book "The Task of Three Bodies" (“The Three-Body Problem”) is not just a certain social dystopia, but a deep content based on the latest scientific achievements, understanding of the past, present and possible future of human civilization. As a real threat to modern society, the Chinese philosopher considers the assertion of a "playful" attitude to reality, belittling the importance of real life and reformatting human consciousness into imaginary and often false meanings. The author focuses on the consideration of such aspects of understanding social being as ontological, methodological, socio-philosophical and politically sociological. The pur-pose of this article is to focus mainly on the methodological and ideological aspects of Liu Cixin's concept.

Taking a strong interactional stance.

We outline two points of criticism. Firstly, we argue that robots do constitute a separate category of beings in people's minds rather than being mere depictions of non-robotic characters. Secondly, we find that (semi-)automatic processes underpinning communicative interaction play a greater role in shaping robot-directed speech than Clark and Fischer's theory of social robots as depictions indicate.

The "hearts-and-minds frame": Not all i-frame interventions are ineffective, but education-based interventions can be particularly bad.

Pitting i-frame policies against s-frame policies inadvertently propagates a false dichotomy that fails to distinguish between effective i-frame policies that directly change behaviors and ineffective education-based i-frame policies that try to change people's hearts and minds. We argue that people's fixation on changing hearts and minds may be an obstacle for behavioral science in policy.

Radical Media: The Story of the Fazlullah Radio in Swat

his study qualitatively analyzes the role of an FM Radio Station in escalating militancy and penetrating radical thinking among the people of Swat. The Fazlullah radio was an illegal broadcaster initially established for the translation of the Holy Quran but later switched to radical content and challenged the writ of the government. The study finds that the legitimate media channel being licensed for serving the national interest could not strategically counter the contents of this radio by airing contents for immediate gratification of the information needs of people; consequently, the community had to depend on this radio. The Fazlullah radio, through his agenda set for contents, has badly influenced people's minds and caused massive destruction in the valley by ultimately compelling its residents to leave their hometown and become internally displaced persons. The radio has spread violence through its radical content in the region, and that affected the whole of Pakistan.

REPRESENTATION OF MEN'S MASCULINITY IN THE "NEW SPIRIT" VERSION OF DJARUM SUPER CIGARETTE ADVERTISEMENT (2021)

This study aims to determine how male masculinity is represented in the cigarette advertisement of Djarum Super New Spirit. Representation is a process of constructing social reality around and how society interprets it. Masculinity itself is a gender character that is socially attached to a person by society.The research was conducted using qualitative research, using the semiotic theory of Roland Barthes. Roland Barthes' semiotics is an approach used to find meaning from audio and visual elements that are displayed by focusing on denotative meanings, connotative meanings, and myths. Connotative meaning is the actual meaning or visible meaning, denotative meaning is the meaning behind signs, and myth is what is in people's minds because of the influence of something. Data collection techniques used in this research are Observation, Documentation, and Literature Study.The results of this study indicate that in the 2021 Djarum Super New Spirit advertisement, masculinity can be seen from the actors, the sports displayed, the tools used, as well as verbal and non-verbal elements. Men or men are represented by traditional masculinity, namely masculinity before the 1980s where this type of masculinity is characterized by courage, leadership, strength, and being a dominator.

The bodily fundament of empathy: The role of action, nonaction-oriented, and interoceptive body representations.

Mental representations with bodily contents or in various bodily formats have been suggested to play a pivotal role in social cognition, including empathy. However, there is a lack of systematic studies investigating, in the same sample of participants and using an individual differences approach, whether and to what extent the sensorimotor, perceptual, and interoceptive representations of the body could fulfill an explanatory role in the empathic abilities.To address this goal, we carried out two studies in which healthy adults were given measures of interoceptive sensibility (IS), action (aBR), and nonaction-oriented body representations (NaBR), and affective, cognitive, and motor empathy. A higher tendency to be self-focused on interoceptive signals predicted higher affective, cognitive, and motor empathy levels. A better performance in tasks probing aBR and NaBR predicted, respectively, higher motor and cognitive empathy levels.These findings support the view that the various facets of the empathic response are differently grounded in the body since they diversely involve representations with a different bodily format.Individual differences in the focus on one's internal body state representation can directly modulate all the components of the empathic experience. Instead, a body representation used interpersonally to represent both one's own body and others' bodies, in particular in its spatial specificity, could be necessary to accurately understand other people's minds (cognitive empathy), while a sensorimotor body representation used to represent both one's own body and others' bodies actions, could be fundamental for the self-awareness of feelings expressed in actions (motor empathy).

Work Performance of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Dedicated Tertiary Public Hospitals, Bangladesh

Work performance of nurses refers to the set of nursing activities or behaviors that are performed by nurses and directed toward the recovery and well-being of the patients assigned to their care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses perform a pivotal role in managing COVID-19 patients in hospitals. The study aimed to assess the level of work performance of nurses working in COVID-19-dedicated tertiary public hospitals. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2021 within 223 nurses. The sample was selected based on a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire (6DSNP and self-administered variables) from two COVID-19 dedicated tertiary public hospitals (Kuwait Bangladesh Friendship Government Hospital and Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute & Hospital). The study findings mentioned that 68.2% of respondents were between the age of 21-30 years and the mean age was 28.6 years and SD= 4.66. In the educational level, 67.3% of respondents had a diploma degree, 62.8% of respondents had more than 7 years of working experience, 67.3% of respondents dislike the night shift & 68% mentioned short manpower is the cause of disliking that shift, their average work performance on the planning of direct patient-centered work was 3.52 ±.773, critical care of direct patient-centered work was 3.79 ±.382, teaching/collaboration of direct patient-centered work was 3.33±.712, communication of direct patient-centered work was 3.68±.532, and the additional variable of direct patient work was 3.77±.465. In addition to their average performance in the leadership of non-patient-centered work was 3.49±.688, professional development of non patient-centered work was 3.35±.693, and also their performance on indirect patient work was 3.53 ±.703. The average work performance of the respondents was 3.55 ±.618 which mentioned their performance was good. Quality of nursing care should be improved by enhancing nurses' competency, which can influence the growth of faith in people's minds to treat their health inside the country as well as reduce the trend to move abroad for better treatment.

Work Performance of Nurses Working in Covid-19 Dedicated Tertiary Public Hospitals, Bangladesh

Work performance of nurses refers to the set of nursing activities or behaviors that are performed by nurses and directed toward the recovery and well-being of the patients assigned to their care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses perform a pivotal role in managing COVID-19 patients in hospitals. The study aimed to assess the level of work performance of nurses working in COVID-19-dedicated tertiary public hospitals. A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December, 2021 within 223 nurses. The sample was selected based on a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using a self-administered structured questionnaire (6DSNP and self-administered variables) from two COVID-19 dedicated tertiary public hospitals (Kuwait Bangladesh Friendship Government Hospital and Sheikh Russel Gastroliver Institute & Hospital). The study findings mentioned that 68.2% of respondents were between the age of 21-30 years and the mean age was 28.6 years and SD= 4.66. In the educational level, 67.3% of respondents had a diploma degree, 62.8% of respondents had more than 7 years of working experience, 67.3% of respondents dislike the night shift & 68% mentioned short manpower is the cause of disliking that shift, their average work performance on the planning of direct patient-centered work was 3.52 ±.773, critical care of direct patient-centered work was 3.79 ±.382, teaching/collaboration of direct patient-centered work was 3.33±.712, communication of direct patient-centered work was 3.68±.532, and the additional variable of direct patient work was 3.77±.465. In addition to their average performance in the leadership of non-patient-centered work was 3.49±.688, professional development of non patient-centered work was 3.35±.693, and also their performance on indirect patient work was 3.53 ±.703. The average work performance of the respondents was 3.55 ±.618 which mentioned their performance was good. Quality of nursing care should be improved by enhancing nurses' competency, which can influence the growth of faith in people's minds to treat their health inside the country as well as reduce the trend to move abroad for better treatment.

Aesthetic Principles in P. Vijay's Screen Songs

Many natural and artificial things are created by human. The basis of aesthetic analysis is to study the method of expressing the aesthetic feelings found in God's creations, such as love, character of a person, and form. Aesthetics identifies and interprets this beauty as it is. There are views and ideologies about what beauty is rather than what it is. Generally, aesthetics is a concept that is built on arts. Aesthetics is the source of power for various arts such as in paintings, music and songs. Therefore, this methodology is considered as an art-literary theory. Writers of aesthetic theory and about its history, begin with Aristotle's Poetics. Aesthetics is an expression of civilization and tradition. Thus, many poems are written. The ideas in the poems create different thoughts in people's minds. In this, screen songs composed by the poets easily reaches the audience. This article examines the aesthetic principles found in the screen songs of poet P. Vijay.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 VACCINE NEWS IN THE ENGLISH AND ARABIC MEDIA

The virus takes a toll on people worldwide regarding the economy and social life, control the spread of this virus and taking the vaccine are most problems faced by the governments. This article examines the news coverage of the Coronavirus vaccine, focusing on the Covid-19 vaccine and how it has been exploited politically and ideologically in the English and Arabic media (BBC and Al-Jazeera). Since there are limited researches of CDA on the vaccine discourse in the media (how the vaccine is portrayed), this study aims to contribute to the researches in CDA about covid-19 vaccine discourse. Fairclough's (1995) three-dimensional critical discourse analysis was utilised as a foundational framework to investigate the amount to which power is linguistically expressed persuasively in every discourse of different media genres using particular lexical, rhetorical, and pragmatic methods. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the selected data (two discourses from each media type). The findings revealed that the governments, through media, had used linguistic features to persuade people's minds, convincing them to take the vaccine as the only solution. The ethical appeal, cultural, societal and religious is very well generated in the discourse of both media genres.

Yeni Irkçılık Bağlamında Yoksulluk Söylemi

Bundan yüzyıl önce Walter Lippmann zihnimizdeki resimlerden bahsederken medyanın tedirgin edici özelliklerinden birine dikkat çekiyordu. Günümüzde haber medyası, biz ve onlar arasındaki ikiliğe hizmet eden belirli önyargıları yaymaya devam etmekte ve toplumun belli kesimlerinin marjinalleşmesini normalleştiren bir söylem üretmektedir. Haber medyasının bu söylemi egemen ideolojiyi sürdürür ve yeniden üretirken belli kimlikleri belli resimlere hapsetmektedir. Kimliklerin bu önyargılı ve kalıp resimlere indirgenmesi ise yeni ırkçılığa hizmet etmektedir. Yeni ırkçılık, 21. yüzyılda resmileştirilmiş ayrımcılık uygulamaları olmamasına rağmen güç dengesizliklerini kolaylaştıran, normalleştiren ve doğallaştıran ve böylece kalıcı eşitsizliklere zemin hazırlayan kodlara, mantıklara ve ideolojilere verilen isimdir. Bu bakış açısıyla bu çalışma, yeni ırkçılığın yoksulluğu konu edinen haberlere nasıl sindiğini incelemektedir. Tıklanma oranı yüksek olan internet haber sitelerinde (Hürriyet, Milliyet, Sözcü) yoksullukla ilgili 18 haber Teun van Dijk’in eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemine göre çözümlenmiştir. İncelenen haberlerde yoksulların tehditkar, huzur bozan, saldırgan, sapkın, suçlu kişiler olarak temsil edildikleri görülmüştür. Haberlerin çözümlemesi, haberlerde yoksulluğun gündeme geldiği konu değişse de yoksulluğun temelde bireysel bir sorun olarak görüldüğü varsayımının yaygın olduğunu göstermiştir. İncelenen haberlerde yoksulların olumsuz bir şekilde resmedildiği ve aşağılandığı, baskın ideolojiye uygun olarak haberlerde yoksulluk sorununun makro düzeyde ele alınmadığı görülmüştür. Bu da “yoksul”- luğun bir kimlik olarak yeni ırkçılığın hedefi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Spatial metaphors and the design of everyday things.

People use space (e.g., left-right, up-down) to think about a variety of non-spatial concepts like time, number, similarity, and emotional valence. These spatial metaphors can be used to inform the design of user interfaces, which visualize many of these concepts in space. Traditionally, researchers have relied on patterns in language to discover habits of metaphorical thinking. However, advances in cognitive science have revealed that many spatial metaphors remain unspoken, shaping people's preferences, memories, and actions independent of language - and even in contradiction to language. Here we argue that cognitive science can impact our everyday lives by informing the design of physical and digital objects via the spatial metaphors in people's minds. We propose a simple principle for predicting which spatial metaphors organize people's non-spatial concepts based on the structure of their linguistic, cultural, and bodily experiences. By leveraging the latent metaphorical structure of people's minds, we can design objects and interfaces that help people think.

Affective polarization in low-partisanship societies. The case of Chile 1990–2021

Does the decline in party identification lead to a decrease or an increase in affective polarization? In recent years, research about affective polarization has increased, asking whether contemporary publics polarize in terms of their affective evaluations of the opposite party. Evidence shows that, at least in some cases, there are signs of increased polarization. At the same time, however, there is evidence of a decline in party identification, suggesting that the parties no longer attract people's hearts and minds. These two results might conflict. However, whether and how affective polarization and declining partisanship are related has received little attention. To address this issue, in this article, we investigate how much affective polarization there is in Chile, how it has changed over time. We use survey data from Chile between 1990 and 2021, a country that has shown a profound and constant loss in partisanship. First, we show that affective polarization varies over time and that, at the aggregate level, the decline in partisanship does not impact affective polarization. Second, the groups that show higher polarization also change: if by 1990 the more polarized were people identifying with left-wing parties, by 2021, affective polarization is similar across groups, including those who do not identify with political parties.

Analysis of the Influence of Risk Communications and Subjective Norms on the Purchase Intention of Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) and Their Impact on Perceived Risk

Aims: This study aims to study, analyze and reveal the factors influencing the interest in purchasing Soft Structured Carriers (SSC) in millennial mothers in the Jabodetabek area.
 Study Design: Cross Sectional Quantitative Research.
 Place and Duration of Study: 271 millennial parents in Jabodetabek who have bought soft structured carrier (SSC) at least once and still have kids below 1-year-old.
 Methodology: This study used a quantitative with causal research approach and included 271 respondents (24 living in Depok, 32 living in Bogor, 56 living in Bekasi, 61 living in Tangerang, and 98 living in Jakarta; age range 25-40 years). The data gathered using questionnaire. Sample methods using the guideline from Hair et al. (2017); therefore, in this study, based on purposive (judgemental) sampling techniques and being analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (SEM).
 Results: The results of this study found that the direct relationship between risk communication (RC) had a positive and significant effect on perceived risk (PR) and purchase intention (PI), PR had a positive and significant effect on PI, but for subjective norms (SN), it was found that it did not affect PI. RC to PR has the most significant influence compared to other relationships. Attention to the RC factor can increase buying interest by only causing a PR factor in people's minds. Furthermore, in the indirect relationship, it is found that PR mediates the relationship between RC and PI. Therefore, PR has effectiveness in connecting RC with purchase intention.
 Conclusion: Of the five hypotheses tested, one of them has no influence where Subjective norms were found not to affect Purchase intention. In indirect hypothesis testing, it is found that Perceived risk mediates the relationship between risk communication and purchase intention.

A long way to liberalization, or is it? Public perceptions of women empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa

This paper explores the question of what explains public opinion of women empowerment in the Middle East and North Africa. Muslim societies have often been accused of conservatism toward empowerment, stripping women of equal access to education and opportunities. However, many predominantly Muslim societies in the MENA region seem to be on the way to implement change to provide women with more rights. Prior research points to exposure to diversity as a contributor to the acceptance of a more egalitarian role of women in society. This article analyzes different mechanisms of the exposure hypothesis and whether they contribute to predicting positive public perceptions of women empowerment in the region. The empirical analyses rely on public opinion data collected by the Arab Barometer in 2018–19. The descriptive findings suggest attitudinal differences across countries, but also significant gender gaps and divergences across core explanatory factors found under the umbrella of the exposure hypothesis, such as diverse urban living, keeping religion a private matter, and connecting with the world via social media. These factors seem important to shift people's minds and to pave women's long way to liberalization.