Life Of People Research Articles

As Life Expectancy Increases in People Living With HIV, Prior Nutrition Recommendations May Increase the Risk of the Development of Secondary Chronic Conditions

As Life Expectancy Increases in People Living With HIV, Prior Nutrition Recommendations May Increase the Risk of the Development of Secondary Chronic Conditions

Life and Disability Insurance for People with or at Risk of HIV: Aligning Policy with Evidence.

Antiretroviral medications have substantially improved life expectancy for people with HIV. These medications are also highly effective in preventing HIV acquisition in people who do not have HIV, a strategy known as HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Despite these advances, some life and disability insurers continue to deny or limit coverage for people with HIV, and some have even refused to cover people who are using PrEP to protect themselves. These policies unfairly deny people with HIV, PrEP users, and their families the peace of mind and financial protection that can come with life and disability insurance coverage. This article summarizes the current evidence on HIV treatment and prevention, arguing that underwriting decisions by life and disability insurers should not be made based on HIV status or use of PrEP.

N-Stearoylethanolamine Exerts Cardioprotective Effects in Old Rats.

Aging is associated with the slowing down of metabolic processes, diminished physiological processes, changes in hormonal activity and increasing exposure to oxidative stress factors and chronic inflammation. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major signaling network that plays a pro-homeostatic role in the central and peripheral organs of the human body. A class of minor lipids, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), which do not activate cannabinoid receptors, except for anandamide, but can potentiate the action of endocannabinoids and have a wide spectrum of biological activity and significant adaptogenic potential, belongs to ECS. The results of different studies over the past decades have established the protective effect of NAE on many pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of C18:0 NAE- N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) in aged rats. In this study, we focused on investigating the effects of C18:0 NAE- N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on the intensity of oxidative/ nitrosative stress, antioxidant potential, lipoprotein profile and inflammation markers of blood plasma, phospholipid composition and age-related morphological changes of old rat heart tissues. The study was conducted on Sprague Dawley male laboratory rats. The three groups of rats were involved in the study design. The first group consisted of young rats aged 4 months (n=10). The second (n=10) and third (n=10) groups included old rats aged of 18 months. Rats from the third group were administered a per os aqueous suspension of NSE at a dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight daily for 10 days. All groups of rats were kept on a standard vivarium diet. The blood plasma, serum, and heart of rats were used for biochemical and histological analysis. The cardioprotective effect of N-stearoylethanolamine in old rats was established, which was expressed in the normalization of the antioxidant system condition and the level of proinflammatory cytokines, positive modulation of blood plasma and lipoprotein profile, normalization of heart tissue lipid composition, and significant reduction in age-related myocardium morphological changes. The revealed effects of N-stearoylethanolamine can become the basis for developing a new drug for use in complex therapy to improve the quality of life of older people.

Food Security, Nutrition Security, and Household Healthfulness Choice Among Elderly People Living With HIV in New Jersey: A Pilot Study

Food Security, Nutrition Security, and Household Healthfulness Choice Among Elderly People Living With HIV in New Jersey: A Pilot Study

Unraveling School Adolescent Depression: Insights into Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Adolescent depression presents a significant global mental health concern, exerting profound impacts on various facets of young people's lives. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as a leading intervention for tackling adolescent depression, grounded in principles derived from cognitive theory. This review delves into the effectiveness, mechanisms, and outcomes of CBT in addressing adolescent depression, synthesizing findings from a range of empirical studies including randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. The review underscores the consistent efficacy of CBT in diminishing depressive symptoms among adolescents, elucidating mechanisms such as cognitive restructuring and behavioral activation that underpin its therapeutic effects. Additionally, CBT yields favorable outcomes beyond mere symptom reduction, encompassing enhancements in social connections and academic performance. Nonetheless, challenges such as limited accessibility and hurdles in engaging adolescents persist in CBT implementation. To surmount these obstacles, forthcoming research ought to concentrate on devising innovative delivery approaches, such as internet-based interventions and school-centered programs. In essence, CBT stands as a pivotal component in the treatment of adolescent depression, furnishing a holistic framework to address the intricate interplay of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral elements, thereby fostering the mental well-being of adolescents on a global scale.

YOLOv3 Based Smart Assistive Navigation System for Visually Impaired Individuals

Abstract: Nowadays, some people suffer from blindness or vision impairment, either from childhood or due to other causes. These individuals frequently face difficulty to move from source to destination precisely, resulting in difficulties in their daily routines. Currently, people are using normal walking sticks, that is not useful for all the time, especially in outdoor environments, resulting in accidents and other difficulties. This paper aims to focus on improving the quality of life for blind people or visually impaired individuals by providing a suitable solution to enhance navigation and manage their needs in indoor and outdoor environments through the use of wearable devices. One proposed solution involves the method of voice assistant technology, which allows users to easily communicate and receive clear instructions. The Raspberry Pi camera module, that allows to capture images and video streaming with the Raspberry Pi, where the Ultrasonic sensor is commonly used for distance measurement to detect obstacles. Furthermore, incorporating a Neo 6m GPS module offers precise location data and navigation guidance, aiding users in reaching their destination safely and efficiently.

DETERMINING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING CHATGPT-4 IN ORGANISING EXCURSIONS

As artificial intelligence (AI) technology becomes more deeply embedded in people's daily lives and work, the importance of ChatGPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer) is growing and its application in the tourism sector is expanding. ChatGPT can be useful in organising new excursions because of its capabilities such as data analysis, interpretation, scenario creation and model evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using ChatGPT-4 in organising new excursions. The study was conducted at the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University and 82 students participated in the study. The study consisted of two stages, at the first stage students answered a questionnaire on the discipline of "Literary excursion", which was studied for 15 weeks, and at the second stage was conducted a study based on comparative analysis, with the assignment of 6 specially prepared questions to determine the effectiveness of using ChatGPT-4. As a result of the study, the need to study the excursion subject for students of educational programmes "Kazakh language and literature" was 72%. ChatGPT-4 became an indispensable tool in drawing up excursion itineraries for students, making their technological map and selecting an excursion object. In addition, with the help of ChatGPT-4 students built routes of new excursions and correctly identified tourist objects and traffic routes, type. Also very qualitatively wrote the text of the excursion in lit erary language and brought it to the level of an interesting script. Thus, using ChatGPT-4 when organising new excursions will help you to get information, save time, make specific decisions and improve quality. The results of this study may be useful in th e future to explore ChatGPT-4 in the potential integration of other technologies such as augmented reality or virtual reality.

In Support of Multidimensional Frailty: A Structural Equation Model from the Canadian Positive Brain Health Now Cohort.

The objective of this study was to estimate the structure and relationships between four h ypothesized frailty dimensions (physical, emotional, cognitive, and social) and the extent to which personal and HIV-related factors and comorbidity associate with these frailty dimensions. This is a secondary analysis of an existing dataset arising from Positive Brain Health Now study (n = 856) in people aging with HIV (mean age: 52.3 ± 8.1 years). Structural equation modeling (SEM) models were applied to two cross-sections of the data: one at study entry and one at second visit, 9-month apart. Multidimensional frailty was modeled based on the combined Wilson-Cleary and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Four dimensions were operationalized with patient-reported and self-report measures from standardized questionnaires. The SEM model from the first visit was replicated using data from the second visit, testing measurement invariance. The proposed model showed acceptable fit at both visits (including no violation of measurement invariance). The final model for the first visit showed that sex, body mass index, HIV diagnosis pre-1997, current or nadir CD4 counts, and comorbidity did not associate with any frailty dimension; however, age (β range: 0.12-0.25), symptoms (β range: -0.35 to -0.58), and measured cognition (β range: 0.10-0.24) directly associated with all frailty dimensions. The model remained stable across the two visits. This study contributes evidence for operationalizing multidimensional frailty. Evidence-based interventions are available for many of the measures considered here, offering opportunities to improve the lives of people with frailty in the context of HIV.

Calculating the social impact of home automation for people with disability: A social return on investment study.

Home automation can deliver important outcomes for people with disabilities, including enhanced independence. Despite the millions of dollars spent on home automation in Australia and other developed nations, to date, there has been no economic evaluation of this type of assistive technology. A social return on investment analysis of home automation study was undertaken. Primary data were collected using qualitative interviews with home automation consumers and other key stakeholders, including occupational therapists, a spinal rehabilitation physician, peer support advocate, and managers and technical personnel from home automation providers (n = 17). The analysis was supported by (1) secondary data from a scoping review on outcomes from home automation and (2) additional literature searches to identify suitable financial proxies and to make estimates of the proportion of home automation users expected to experience each outcome. A scenario approach was used with three home automation scenarios developed with increasing complexity and costs to calculate the social return on investment. Eight outcomes from the use of home automation were identified, including reduced reliance on carers and family members, increased independence, and improved energy and comfort. The social return on investment ranged from $38.80 (low cost) to $15.10 (high cost) for every $1 invested across a 10-year benefit period, with the financial proxy for reduced care attendant hours contributing the most to the social return ratio. Even the highest cost scenario was repaid in social value within the first year of the benefit period. This study suggests that home automation represents a sound investment and has a significant impact on the overall quality of life of people with disabilities. Focusing on the financial savings in care attendant hours alone should be compelling evidence for funders to recognise home automation's value and continue to fund this assistive technology. A consumer representative was a member of the project steering group, which supported the research team at all stages of the project. When people get injured, their disability can stop them doing things around the home that they used to be able to do. Technology can help people with disabilities do things like open and close doors and turn off taps by pressing a button, so they do not have to wait for someone to help them. This technology can be expensive, but no one has looked at if it is worth the money. We spoke to some people with disabilities who used this type of technology, and they told us their lives were better now they used this technology. For example, they told us they were able to do things for themselves, they did not need carers as much, and they had better mental health. We spoke to businesses about the costs of different types of technology that can be used in the home. We then put a dollar value on the ways people with disabilities told us their lives were better. For example, for better mental health, we worked out how much it would cost to see a psychologist for 1 year. We found that the dollar value of the ways in which people with disabilities' lives were improved was at least 15 times more than the costs of the technology. This study therefore shows that this technology is worth the money and improves the lives of people with disabilities following serious injury.

Citizenship, Health Education and Biology Teaching: what do fake news produced during covid-19 have to teach?

The covid-19 pandemic is over, but it impacted and changed people's lives. Contradiction and fear became present and, in the midst of all this, information and news about the disease reached high volumes and it was not possible to clearly distinguish what was true or not. This work, from a qualitative perspective, aimed, more generally, to problematize fake news about Covid-19, which can be used for other pandemic or endemic situations, presenting alternatives for quality and civic health education. More specifically, the intention was: to discuss the teaching of Biology through scientific investigation; expose the concept and implications of fake news for society and; present methodologies for discussing and problematizing Covid-19. The class-debate and pedagogical wall methodologies in the Padlet app are ways for teachers to dialogue and practice prevention, confronting fake news and offering teaching to develop critical thinking in the face of social demands that act directly about people's lives and about the care and prevention of diseases.

Understanding perspectives of HIV/AIDS affected households on food and nutrition interventions and social protection programmes in Zimbabwe

IntroductionThe study was aimed at understanding the needs and perspectives of HIV affected households on food and nutrition security intervention programmes.MethodsThe study used qualitative methods that include focus groups discussions and key informant interviews to solicit for lived experiences of People Living With HIV (PLWHIV).ResultsThe results revealed that intervention programmes by both government and development partners (donors) can be divided into four (4) categories: food and nutrition security, livelihood, health, and social protection. Interventions that targeted health included the provision of HIV antiretroviral drugs to PLWHIV and counselling to both PLWHIV and affected persons. Intervention programmes targeted at social protection included provision of food aid and cash transfers.DiscussionThe recommendations based on the research findings are that intervention programmes should focus more on resilience building as a way of building capacity of PLWHIV. This way, sustainability of intervention programmes is improved. As such, it is important to ensure, through policy, that all intervention programmes have a component of capacity building to improve resilience of participants and programme sustainability. Furthermore, there is a need to improve targeting for beneficiaries of intervention programmes and clearly define the “vulnerable” group.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Cellular and Pharmacological Aspects

Alzheimer’s disease was described more than 100 years ago and despite the fact that several molecules are being tested for its treatment, which are in phase III trials, the disease continues to progress. The main problem is that these molecules function properly in healthy neurons, while neuronal pathology includes plasma membrane disruption, malfunction of various organelles, and hyperphosphorylation of Tau and amyloid plaques. The main objective of this article is the discussion of a neuronal restoration therapy, where molecules designed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease would probably be more effective, and the quality of life of people would be better.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРОЕКТАМИ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ С УЧЁТОМ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА

This article discusses the features of project management for sustainable development of territories, taking into account the resource potential. The research topic is relevant because the resource potential of the Russian Federation ensures the strategic development and stability of the development of territories in the international arena. The purpose of the study is to study the functioning of project management for sustainable development of territories, taking into account the resource potential, namely, the construction of a socially adapted society with the allocation of public funds. Proactive budgeting as one of the types of financial institutions in the modern world is gaining relevance, as it allows the population to independently propose economically developed projects to improve people's livelihoods.

Quality of Life in Patients with Obesity: The Role of Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Medicine

Background: Little is known about the role of rehabilitation medicine in obesity. Objective: to examine the benefits of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on the quality of life in patients with severe obesity. Methodology: We included 124 patients with obesity (mean age: 57 years; BMI ≥30), in an 8-week in-hospital multidisciplinary supervised program combining physiotherapy, nutrition and psychological support. Clinical, bio-psychological and functional parameters, as well as an obesity-specific quality-of-life score, were acquired at 0 and 8 weeks. Results: The quality-of-life score improved significantly at 8 weeks, from 60.8 to 68.8 (p < 0.0001), and was positively correlated with cardio-respiratory function (r = 0.47; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our results highlight the important role of multidisciplinary rehabilitation medicine and its integrated approach to improve the quality of life of people with obesity.

Profit Over People: Killing a Tribal Movement Against Corporate Mining in India

Coal mining and coal use have been the most significant cause of global warming. It damages the environment and affects the lives, livelihood and culture of the indigenous people who live in a coal mining area. Resistance and rejection have been strong among those people. The article examines a people’s movement in Jharkhand, India, that resisted an open-pit corporate coal mine. The case study explains how they organized and mobilized into a strong movement. It also describes what happens to the poor indigenous when a company disrespects an agreement. The article raises some fundamental ethical questions for the future of people’s movements, mining companies, national governments, and the survival of our earth.

Supporting Individuals With an Acquired Brain Injury: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study Exploring the Everyday Lives of Caregivers.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is one of the most common causes of disability and death globally. Support from informal caregivers is critical to the well-being and quality of life of people with ABI and supports the sustainability of global health and social care systems. This study presents an in-depth qualitative analysis of the experiences of eight British informal caregivers supporting someone with ABI. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with narratives transcribed verbatim and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes were generated: making sense of brain injury; being consumed by caregiving; and, the changing self. These data highlight the impact of caregiving on the caregiver's illness perceptions and sense of self. By identifying negative and positive changes in the caregiver's sense of self, and dilemmas regarding the care recipient's behaviour, we address less understood aspects of caregiver experiences. Caregiving can pose both challenges to the caregiver's sense of identity and an opportunity for self-growth. Some caregivers exhibit resilience throughout their journey, with post-traumatic growth more apparent in the later stages of caregiving. Illness perceptions shape caregiver well-being and family dynamics and indicate the need to address stigmatisation and discrimination faced by ABI survivors and caregivers. Although some caregivers acquired positive meaning and enrichment from their caregiving, previously described challenges of ABI caregiving are supported. Overall, our findings support the need for timely psychological/mental health support for caregivers, caregiver education, and the provision of short breaks from caregiving.

Yoga as a complementary therapy for HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that targets the immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the disease’s advanced stage. The first well-documented case of HIV in humans was found in Congo in 1959. During HIV infection, the worst effect is on our body’s immune system due to which the number of CD4+ cells, an important cell in our body, starts decreasing and ultimately this infection takes the form of AIDS. It is possible to avoid this because after this infection, it takes more than 10 years for it to take the form of AIDS. if Yoga therapy is adopted during this period, then the rate of this infection can definitely be reduced. Previous studies showed that Yoga therapy increased the number of vital cells like CD4+. Swami Kuvalayananda introduced Yoga therapy to India in the 1920s. Yoga therapy that involves physical movement or postures, breathing techniques, kriyas and meditation. These practices promote organ system harmony and balance, resulting in improved health and sense of well-being. Various studies have shown that Yoga improved mental health and quality of life of people living with HIV. The study concluded that Yoga therapy can be included as a complementary therapy in the treatment of HIV/AIDS.

Explaining transformational leadership in the digital age: The example of Facebook group leaders

The prominence of digital leadership in social networks has established this role as a crucial area of investigation, particularly because these networks serve as key sources of information, decision-making, and support for countless individuals. Consequently, the actions of digital leaders have far-reaching implications for millions of people's lives. This study investigates the phenomenon of digital leadership within social networks, focusing specifically on the case of Facebook group leaders. One hundred eighty-one Facebook group leaders participated in an online survey assessing their overall Transformational Leadership scores and leadership styles. The findings reveal that the leaders primarily employed an authority-based style while exhibiting Idealized Influence (Behavior) style the least frequently. Furthermore, several factors, such as interpersonal skills and digital literacy, were found to be highly significant in determining leadership styles. In contrast, variables such as information literacy, gender, age, education level, group size, and group-related income played a negligible role, if any, in shaping leadership styles. The research findings have implications for leaders in digital spaces and can be applied to enhance leadership skills and create better groups for members in both the business and private sectors.

Young adults' experiences of biographical retrogression whilst living with long COVID.

During the early years (2020-2021) of the COVID-19 pandemic, relatively little attention focused on experiences of people with long-lasting symptoms, particularly young adults who were commonly understood to be invulnerable to serious effects of the virus. Drawing on narrative interviews with 15 adults in their twenties and living in the UK when they became ill with long COVID, we explore contextual factors which made their long COVID illness experience, and the wholescale disruption to their lives, challenging. We propose that existing adaptations of the concept of biographical disruption are problematic for this group, and instead suggest that 'biographical retrogression' may more accurately reflect these young adults' experiences. For many of these young adults, their illness occurred at a crucial stage in forming or solidifying (presumed) adult trajectories. Secondly, the recency of long COVID did not allow for comparison with an existing 'grand narrative' of recovery, so the future course of their illness was not just unknown for them as individuals; there was no prognostic map against which to assess their symptoms. Thirdly, the lives of people with long COVID have been disrupted in the context of global societal disruption by the same virus, rendering their experiences both topical yet invisible.

Effect of bone ash and rice husk ash on the unconfined compressive strength of silt soil

This study investigated the soil stabilization potential of ash obtained from the calcination of cattle bones and ash produced by burning rice husks on silty soil. After the cattle bones were first crushed and burned, they were calcined at 800°C for 1 hour, allowed to cool, ground, and sieved with a sieve with a 75-micrometer opening to obtain bone ash (BA). To get rice husk ash (RHA), rice husks were burned, ground, and sieved through a 75-micrometer aperture. A silt soil sample taken from a depth of 3-4 meters from the center of Sakarya Province in Yenigün District of Adapazarı district was used to stabilize it. RHA was added as ground and unground, 10% by weight of the samples, BA as 7% by weight of the samples, and BA and RHA as 7% BA + 10% RHA by weight of the samples. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were performed for this research. The results showed that the UCS value increased with the addition of BA and RHA as the curing time increased for 7% BA, 7%BA+10% RHA, and 10% ground RHA, while 10% unground RHA lost strength. Caused Therefore, 7%BA+10%RHA can be used to increase the UCS value of the soil. Instead of allowing bones to be disposed of in the environment, calcined bone ash should be encouraged to sustain people's livelihood on stabilized soils.