People's Liberation Research Articles

Laser Challenge of China

Chinese President Xi Jinping, at a meeting with delegates of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) during the last session of the National People's Congress (NPC), demanded the introduction of scientific discoveries and innovative technologies in the army. Xi Jinping noted that new technologies are the key to modernizing the Armed Forces. The Chinese leader discussed with the military how to achieve the goals set in the field of national defense and army development and the implementation of the 13th five-year plan for the development of the armed forces. It is safe to say that Laser Weapons (LW) are on the agenda of China/1/

Image-guided, surgical robot-assisted percutaneous puncture of the foramen ovale and foramina stylomastoideum: a cadaveric study.

Image-guided, surgical robot-assisted percutaneous puncture of the foramen ovale and foramina stylomastoideum: a cadaveric study.

National Security—Historical Analysis of the Yugoslav Security Services—Directorate of the YPA Counterintelligence Service—Ten-Year Report—Fight against the Enemy 1944–1954

The book by Dr. Darko Trifunović is divided into two main parts. The first part of the book offers the author’s views about the context of events and activities in the specified period, as well as a presentation of the activities of some, according to the author, representative persons whose cases are also mentioned in the book.The second part of the book contains the original document created in the XII Department of the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA, which will further be abbreviated according to the Serbian language: JNA) by the General Staff, that is, the Counterintelligence Service (known as KOS, an abbreviation that remained in colloquial jargon even after several reorganizations) responsible for acting within the armed forces, and members of the armed forces.The aforementioned document was written in May 1954 in the Counterintelligence Directorate of the JNA. It is marked with the highest security mark: Top secret. The document contains 190 pages (one page is missing in the archived original, which the author specifically marked). The document covers the activities of the KOS JNA from 1944 to 1954. On May 13, 1944, Marshal Josip Broz Tito, in his capacity as commander in chief, signed a document on the establishment of the Order on the Establishment of the Department for the Protection of the People (known as OZN-a). The goal of founding the OZN-a was to create a strong organization that worked as a political police abroad and in the occupied territory but also as a counterintelligence service in the military units (Peoples Liberation Army of Yugoslavia—NOVJ, in Serbian). The OZN-a was mostly filled with the best and most loyal cadres of the Communist Party. The OZN-a was created as the “sword and the shield” of the Communist Party. From the beginning of its creation, it was said that when peacetime conditions would be created, the OZN-a would be divided into “civilian” and “military” segments. Members of the OZN-a were remembered, by the public, as extremely cruel and ruthless persons. This is also stated in this document on page 22, where it describes the organization of the arrest and liquidation of persons who were arrested, interrogated by the OZN-a in the liberated area, and finally liquidated:On March 13, 1946, with the transition to peacetime working conditions and organization, the OZN-a was reorganized. The previous Section 3 was separated into a special service and changed its name to the JNA Counter-Intelligence Service (KOS JNA), that is, XII Counterintelligence Directorate within the Ministry of National Defense. It was at this time that this document was written. In the next reorganization, on December 14, 1955 (several months after the drafting of this document), the KOS JNA changed its name and became the Security Directorate of the Ministry of National Defense.This document is interesting and useful for research for several reasons:This document confirms the need to know the history of various intelligence and security services in the context of studying modern security threats because the methods and objectives have not changed to the extent that, due to new technical, technological, and communication systems and development, goals try to achieve imposing one’s own will on others while protecting one’s information and cognitive space from unwanted external influences.

Correlation analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and central cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma

Objective: To investigate the correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with cN0 papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods: The clinicopathological data of PTMC patients confirmed by surgery and pathology in the 81st Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army from 2016 to 2019 were collected, and the relationship between preoperative NLR, PLR levels and postoperative PTMC CLNM were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff value of NLR and PLR. The interaction relative excess risk was used to analyze the relationship between NLR, PLR and CLNM. Results: Among 220 patients with cN0 stage PTMC, 92 were CLNM. The ROC curve showed that when the cutoff value of NLR was 2.5 and the cutoff value of PLR was 175, the highest Youden index was 0.318 and 0.264, respectively. NLR and PLR were both related to CLNM (P<0.05). The tumor long diameter, multifocality, NLR≥2.5 and PLR≥175 were independent impact factors of CLNM (P<0.05). The results of the interaction showed that the relative excess risk of the interaction was 5.531 (95%CI: 0.160, 10.901, P=0.016), the attribution ratio was 0.512 (95%CI: 0.230, 0.794, P=0.009), and the synergy index was 2.294 (95%CI: 1.492, 4.579, P=0.022), suggested that NLR and PLR had an interactive effect, and these two synergistically promoted CLNM. Conclusions: NLR and PLR are independent risk factors for cN0 stage PTMC CLNM. When NLR≥2.5 and PLR≥175, preventive central lymph node dissection should be routinely performed.

Free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas

Objective: To explore the method and plausibility of using free rectus abdominis flap (FRAF) to reconstruct the major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinoma. Methods: From 2007 to 2018 at No. 980 Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China, 13 patients with advanced carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including 11 males and 2 females, aged from 33 to 67 years, were treated with FRAF to repair the invasion of skull base, face and orbit. Based on adequate and meticulous preoperative evaluations on patients and tumors, complete resection of tumor bulks was performed. According to the sites, characters and extents of the defects, FRAF was introduced in different ways into reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after resection of advanced sinonasal carcinomas, restoring the structure and contour of the craniofacial region. Results: Complete resection of tumors was achieved in all cases. For repairing the major and complex defects resulted from tumor ablation, FRAF graft was conducted in 13 patients with advanced sinonasal carcinomas. The recipient vessels were facial artery and vein in 9 cases, superficial temporal artery and vein in 4 cases. Vascular bridging with the external jugular vein was carried out in 2 cases who underwent submandibular neck dissections, in which facial artery and vein were used as recipient vessels. Free fibular flap was used along with FRAF in a case undergone bilateral maxillectomy. Pedicled galea capitis and periosteal flap were applied simultaneously in 3 cases with dura defects at the skullbase resulted from tumor resection. All flaps used in 13 cases survived uneventfully without major complications, with successful repair of defects, reconstruction of structures and restoration of contour of craniofacial regions. Conclusion: With adequate evaluation of resectability of tumors as well as nature and extent of defects after tumor removal, FRAF transplantation is an ideal method and strategy of choice for reconstructing the major and complex defects in craniofacial regions resulted from tumor ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas.

Novel Hemorrhagic Risk Score in Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumor Comorbidity: A 10-year Clinical Inpatient Data Analysis from 2 Medical Centers

Abstract Objective: Older patients with comorbidity, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, are at a high risk of bleeding events. However, risk prediction models based on risk factor assessment remain unclear. This study aimed to establish an individualized bleeding risk assessment system based on the analysis of 10-year inpatient clinical big data. Methods: Total clinical data of 56,819 patients with CHD and 25,988 patients with malignant digestive tract tumors (admitted from January 2008 to December 2017) were retrospectively collected at the First and Second Medical Centers of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Among them, 1307 patients with CHD and malignant digestive tract tumors were screened as the derivation cohort. The dependent variable was the occurrence of major clinical bleeding events. Baseline statistics and hypothesis tests of differences were performed for independent variables according to the occurrence of bleeding. Decision Tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, and random forest models were used for comparison. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were applied as the criteria for evaluating and verifying model performance. To evaluate this developed model, another cohort comprising 454 patients (admitted from January 2018 to December 2019) was prospectively enrolled as the validation cohort based on the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Among the 64 variables with &lt;50% missing values, the recursive feature elimination method with a random forest model was used to screen the selected variables. The highest accuracy was obtained following the selection of 10 scalars, and the final model was constructed accordingly. XGBoost demonstrated the best performance comprehensively. The AUC-ROC of this model was 0.981, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.939, 0.950, and 0.927, respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC-ROC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the XGBoost model were 0.702, 0.718, 0.636, and 0.725, respectively. The rate of major bleeding events has a positive correlation with the bleeding risk score quintiles. To allow for convenient clinical application, a smartphone application was developed for easy access and calculation (http://fir.master-wx.com/sghr). Conclusion: We successfully established a risk model and score for predicting bleeding events in older patients with comorbidity, such as CHD and gastrointestinal cancer.

REFLEKSI ATAS PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI PROVINSI PAPUA

ABSTRACT&#x0D; The problem of handling Human Rights against Indigenous Papuans can be seen by the existence of violence and violations of human rights in all aspects of the lives of Indigenous Papuans in a systematic, sustainable and unstoppable manner. politics where the more indigenous Papuans are involved in politics, the faster the resolution of human rights in Papua because of the large number of representatives who are fighting for the liberation of the Papuan people, meaning that in this problem the Political Rights of Papuan Indigenous People in the National Legislative Body need to get support and protection of human rights on the ground Papua has not been able to run properly due to various indicators that have not been able to run properly. These indicators include the absence of a representative of the National Human Rights Commission; human rights courts, and truth and reconciliation commissions as well as the absence of special fund allocations in the field of human rights in the context of implementing the Special Autonomy Law in Papua, not only that this regulation does not work properly so that it has the potential to be increasingly unstoppable for human rights violations, in its implementation Human rights protection cannot run properly considering that in this regulation there is still uncertainty regarding the meaning, relationship, and purpose of the norms contained in the Papua Special Autonomy Law as well as unclear and limited special powers intended in the Autonomy Law Papua Special. This study emphasizes normative legal research and is balanced by looking at the condition of human rights violations in Papua by multiplying several literacies.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Chordoid glioma: a clinicopathological study

Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features of chordoid glioma. Methods: A total of 12 cases of chordoid gliomas from 2009 to 2020 in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University and General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical and imaging characteristics, pathologic and molecular characteristics were analyzed, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: All 12 patients (4 males and 8 females) aged from 25 to 67 years (mean 39 years) and mainly had a history of headache or/and vision loss. MRI showed that the lesions located in the third ventricle, and they showed abnormal enhancement. Pathologically, these 12 cases displayed the morphologic characteristics of chordoid gliomas, including papillary structures in two cases. Immunohistochemically, GFAP and vimentin were expressed in all 12 cases (12/12). TTF1 was also expressed in all cases (10/10). CD34 and CKpan were seen in 11 cases (11/12). EMA with dot-and/or-ring like positivity was seen in 9 cases (9/10). Tissues were available in nine chordoid gliomas for Sanger sequencing to detect PRKCA and IDH gene mutation, and eight cases (8/9) showed PRKCA gene D463H mutation. None of these cases showed IDH1 R132 and IDH2 R172 mutation. All 12 patients underwent surgery, and four were lost to follow up. The remaining eight patients were progression or recurrence free at last follow-up in January 2021. Conclusions: Chordoid gliomas have relatively distinguishing clinical and histopathological features. PRKCA gene mutation in chordoid gliomas can be considered as a biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chordoid gliomas, and may provide a direction for future targeted therapy.

Trends in Comorbidities and Postoperative Complications of Geriatric Hip Fracture Patients from 2000 to 2019: Results from a Hip Fracture Cohort in a Tertiary Hospital.

ObjectiveTo describe the secular trends in comorbidities and postoperative complications of geriatric hip fracture patients from the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital Hip Fracture Cohort between 2000 and 2019.MethodsWe included 2,805 hip fracture patients aged 65 years or older and received surgical treatment from 25 January 2000 to 19 December 2019. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and the time to surgery were extracted and examined in each 5‐year period based on the admission year, namely 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015–2019. Categorical data were analyzed by chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test, with ordinal data by row mean scores difference test and continuous data by one‐way analysis of variance. Trends in comorbidities and postoperative complications were examined by the Cochran–Armitage trend test.ResultsThe average age of the included population was 79.1 ± 7.3 years (mean ± standard deviation), and 69.1% were female. From 2000 to 2019, the proportion of females increased from 59.8% to 73.0% (P for trend <0.05). Hypertension (51.8%), type 2 diabetes (23.6%), coronary heart disease (20.9%), stroke (18.7%), and arrhythmia (11.2%) were the most prevalent five comorbidities. The proportion of hypertension was 27.0%, 45.4%, 53.0%, and 57.2% in each 5‐year period with an increasing trend (P for trend <0.05). The proportion of type 2 diabetes was 9.8%, 22.8%, 23.5%, and 26.0% in each 5‐year period (P for trend <0.05). Similar increasing trends were found in myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and tumor. On the contrary, the proportion of patients with major postoperative complications decreased from 2000 to 2019, with 23.0%, 14.6%, 6.5%, and 5.6% in each 5‐year period (P for trend <0.05). For each specific postoperative complication, i.e. pneumonia, cardiovascular event, respiratory failure, and in‐hospital death, similar decreasing trends were found (all P for trend <0.05).ConclusionThis descriptive analysis sheds light on the fact that the health status of the hip fracture population tends to shift gradually. Improving concepts and practices of clinical interventions may help reduce postoperative complications, whereas challenges in the management of comorbidities increase.

Black Transhuman Liberation Theology: Technology and Spirituality

Black Transhuman Liberation Theology: Technology and Spirituality

Bill Gertz: Deceiving The Sky: Inside Communist Chinaʼs Drive for Global Supremacy.

The United States' approach to China since the Communist regime in Beijing began the period of reform and opening in the 1980s was based on a promise that trade and engagement with China would result in a peaceful, democratic state. Forty years later the hope of producing a benign People's Republic of China utterly failed. The Communist Party of China deceived the West into believing that the its system and the Party-ruled People's Liberation Army were peaceful and posed no threat. In fact, these misguided policies produced the emergence of a 21st Century Evil Empire even more dangerous than a Cold War version in the Soviet Union. Successive American presidential administrations were fooled by ill-advised pro-China policymakers, intelligence analysts and business leaders who facilitated the rise not of a peaceful China but a threatening and expansionist nuclear-armed communist dictatorship not focused on a single overriding strategic objective: Weakening and destroying the United States of America. Defeating the United States is the first step for China's current rulers in achieving global supremacy under a new world order based an ideology of Communism with Chinese characteristics. The process included technology theft of American companies that took place on a massive scale through cyber theft and unfair trade practices. The losses directly supported in the largest and most significant buildup of the Chinese military that now directly threatens American and allied interests around the world. The military threat is only half the danger as China aggressively pursues regional and international control using a variety of non-military forces, including economic, cyber and space warfare and large-scale influence operations.

There Is a Third Condition Aside from Survival and Death That Affects Outcome Statistics: Terminal Discharge.

Background:Some patients discharged automatically are classified as terminal discharge, while their clinical outcome is survival, disrupting the results of clinical research.Methods:The data of this study were taken from inpatients admitted to the ICU of the First Medical Center of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China from 2008–2017. We collected the data regarding medications used over the three days before discharge from the group of patients who survived and the group of patients who died, and the outcomes of all patients were recalculated by three classification algorithms (AdaBoosting, Pearson correlation coefficient, observed to expected ratio-weighted cosine similarity). Our basic assumption is that if the classification result is death but the actual in-hospital outcome is survival, the associated patient was likely terminally discharged.Results:The coincidence rate of the outcomes calculated by the AdaBoosting algorithm was 98.1%, the coincidence rate calculated by the Pearson correlation coefficient was 61.1%, and the coincidence rate calculated by the observed to expected ratio-weighted cosine similarity was 93.4%. When the three classification methods were combined, the accuracy reached 98.56%.Conclusion:The combination of clinical rules and classification methods has a synergistic effect on judgments of patients’ discharge outcomes, greatly saving time on manual retrieval and reducing the negative influence of statistics or rules.

Effects of intermittent feeding and continuous feeding on muscle atrophy and nutritional status in critically ill patients

To compare the effects of intermittent feeding and continuous feeding on muscle atrophy, nutritional status and nutritional intolerance of critically ill patients, and to provide a reference for critically ill patients to select more suitable nutritional support in clinic. An observational study was conducted. The clinical data of 59 critically ill patients who received enteral nutrition admitted to anesthesia intensive care unit (ICU) of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2019 to December 2020 were analyzed. According to different feeding methods, the patients were divided into intermittent feeding group (n = 32, 200-250 mL nutrient solution was pumped each time, 4-5 times a day, 5-6 hours interval each time) and continuous feeding group (n = 27, nutrient solution was pumped continuously and evenly). The changes of related indexes before and 7 days after enteral nutrition in ICU were recorded, including rectus femoris thickness and cross-sectional area, nutritional status related indexes [hemoglobin (Hb), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA) and blood glucose], incidence of aspiration, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, abnormal gastric residue volume (gastric residue volume > 250 mL), other nutritional intolerance and the length of ICU stay. After nutritional support for 7 days, the thickness and cross-sectional area of rectus femoris decreased in both groups, indicating muscle atrophy occurred in both groups, and there was no significant difference in change value of thickness or cross-sectional area of rectus femoris between intermittent feeding group and continuous feeding group [the change value of rectus femoris thickness (cm): -0.06±0.04 vs. -0.07±0.03, the change value of rectus femoris cross-sectional area (cm2): -0.71±0.23 vs. -0.81±0.24, both P > 0.05]. There were no significant differences in nutritional status related indicators after nutritional support for 7 days between intermittent feeding group and continuous feeding group [Hb (g/L): 102.2±10.9 vs. 103.2±11.3, ALB (g/L): 34.1±3.6 vs. 32.9±4.0, PA (mg/L): 209.8±10.6 vs. 205.9±13.7, blood glucose (mmol/L): 6.34±1.91 vs. 6.93±3.54, all P > 0.05]. The patients in both groups had intestinal nutrition intolerance such as aspiration, diarrhea, constipation and vomiting. However, the incidence of abnormal gastric residual volume in intermittent feeding group was significantly lower than that in continuous feeding group [9.4% (3/32) vs. 33.3% (9/27), P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in the length of ICU stay between intermittent feeding group and continuous feeding group (days: 21.03±11.51 vs. 21.41±9.74, P > 0.05). Compared with continuous feeding, intermittent feeding does not improve the muscle atrophy and nutritional status of critically ill patients, but reduce the symptoms of enteral nutrition intolerance caused by abnormal increase of gastric residual volume. It is an easy-to-implement, safe and feasible feeding method.

Design and application of a split first aid suit for heat stroke

In the trend of global warming and the increasing number of participating in high-intensity sports, the incidence of heat stroke is increasing year by year. Heat stroke is categorized to the class of heat emergent diseases. If there is no quick and effective treatment, the mortality rate is as high as 50%. Early, rapid, and effective cooling is the key point in the treatment of heat stroke. The early recognition and rapid lowering the core body temperature to 38.9 centigrade within 30 minutes of exertional heat stroke results in better clinical outcome with the fewest complications, however, the "golden 30 minutes" is far from enough to complete emergency transport and evaluation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a first aid suit for heat stroke suitable for field treatment and transportation, so as to achieve the treatment goal of early rapid and effective cooling in field environment. For this purpose, the medical staff of the department of critical care medicine of the Eighth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital designed and developed the split first aid suit, which is suitable for heat stroke patient in the harsh environment lacking medical supplies and water during transportation. The medical staff who designed the first aid suit obtained a National Utility Model Patent of China (ZL 2020 2 1627326.4). The split heat stroke first aid suit is composed of four main parts: a sleeveless coat, a hat, sleeves and wrapped pants. All of them are made by temperature changeable fabric which is a composite material made by fine porous silica gel particles and potassium nitrate. The cuffs of the sleeveless top of the clothes part and the sleeves are connected as a whole by the connecting pieces; and the front end of the hem of the clothes part and the wrapped trousers are also connected as a whole by the connecting pieces, which is convenient for fixing and transportation. In order to control the water injection quantity, the water injection bag and the corresponding components are designed to ensure the same amount of water can be injected to the heat stroke first aid suit at each time, so the same frigorific effect can be attainable. The service temperature is 14-18 centigrade, so it will not cause local frostbite to patients when used for a long time. This split-type first aid suit can be used in the movement, rescue and transportation of heat stroke patients. It is easy to carry and use with accurate cooling effect with low cost, moreover, it is reusable and can be widely used for on-site emergency and transportation of heat stroke patients.

Keeping China Out, the United States In, and Pakistan Down: India's Strategy for the Indian Ocean Region

Keeping China Out, the United States In, and Pakistan Down:India's Strategy for the Indian Ocean Region Rohan Mukherjee (bio) India is a rising power with significant gaps in the translation of its economic potential into military power—gaps that may considerably widen due to the severe damage being wrought by the Covid-19 pandemic on India's economy and society. At a time when military spending relative to GDP has been declining for over a decade and personnel costs have until recently been rising at the expense of capital expenditures, the three scenarios in this exercise starkly demonstrate some of the external challenges that Indian policymakers might face in coming years. These challenges are all the more dangerous in a period when India, weakened by the pandemic, may be seen as an easier target and may itself respond aggressively to provocations for reasons of domestic or international reputation. Given these parameters, the scenarios highlight three important dimensions in which Indian thinking about the future of the Indian Ocean region will need to be flexible and sometimes run counter to dominant assumptions in New Delhi: capabilities, resolve, and partnerships. If India faced a benign security environment, its domestic weaknesses would be less pernicious and the state would have a longer runway to build itself into a major world power. In fact, the opposite is true. The scenarios highlight two major external trends that must factor into India's strategic calculus: the relative decline in U.S. capabilities and interests in the Indian Ocean, and the relative increase in Chinese capabilities and interests in this region. Both of these factors eliminate the luxury of time and increase the pressure on India to make resource allocations and political choices suited to a range of near-term potential crises and geopolitical ruptures. On the one hand, India will need to enlarge its naval footprint in the Indian Ocean region to make up for a longer-term decline in U.S. presence. On the other hand, India will need to prepare for the full spectrum of challenges from China's expansion into this region, including adventurism along the Sino-Indian border, an increased People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy presence in the Indian Ocean, deepening relationships between [End Page 29] China and Indian Ocean states, and even cyber intrusions and attacks on Indian infrastructure. India's Capabilities First, India's own capabilities will make a crucial difference to regional outcomes. This is not simply a matter of expenditure, which of course will matter, but also one of allocation. It is in China's interest to keep India tied down on its land frontiers and obsessed with the possibility of a two-front war. The working assumption of most Indian policy and defense planners is that India's major military engagements in the coming decades will be along the contested borders with Pakistan and China, respectively—an assumption further validated by the ongoing Sino-Indian standoff in Ladakh. The scenarios suggest, however, that ignoring sea power would be a grave mistake. In the extreme case of India continuing with its current naval strength without augmentation, the best the Indian Navy can do is provide coastal defense. Its existing resources are radically inadequate for sea denial—which the Indian Navy views as "an offensive measure, to reduce the adversary's freedom of action and to degrade his operations"—let alone sea control.1 India has hitherto benefited from the U.S. Navy's command of the seas in the Indian Ocean region. The U.S. Navy's ability to ensure freedom of navigation, protect maritime chokepoints, and slow the pace of China's maritime expansion into the region has allowed India to gradually develop its own naval capabilities and doctrine while devoting sufficient resources to countering land-based threats. A future scenario in which the United States withdraws from Diego Garcia or China takes hostile action against regional countries such as Indonesia would place considerable demands on the Indian Navy to assume a substantial share of the tasks fulfilled by the U.S. Navy today. To plan for such a role, Indian decision-makers will need to rethink the dominance of the army among the...

Design and Application of Perioperative Multi-center Data Center

Based on 18 hospitals including the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital and Peking University People's Hospital, and based on the "Specifications for Perioperative Data", explore the construction and application of perioperative multi-center data centers in the era of medical big data. The use of data ferry technology avoids hidden safety hazards in hospitals, realizes the integration and sharing of perioperative medical data of various medical institutions, and forms a complete data chain combining patient medical data and follow-up data.

Clinicopathological features of basal cell type dysplasia of esophagus

Objective: To investigate the clinicpathological features of basal cell type dysplasia of the esophagus. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 71 cases of basal cell type dysplasia of esophagus were collected at the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 989 Hospital, from 2009 to 2019, and the histomorphologic characteristics and immunophenotype were evaluated. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 1.6∶1.0, and the median age was 65 years (range 48-81 years). The tumors were located in the upper segment of the esophagus in four cases (5.6%), the middle segment in 54 cases (76.1%), and the lower segment in 13 cases (18.3%).The median maximal tumor diameter was 12.0 mm (range 3-42 mm). According to Paris Classification, 0-Ⅱb accounted for 42.3% (30/71) of the cases. Under endoscope, the lesions were reddish with abnormal mucosal microvessels. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were small, with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, similar to basal cells, and uniform in morphology. The structural atypia was characterized by dense and disordered tumor cells, loss of basal cell polarity, and absence of normal squamous differentiation gradient. In 10 cases, the tumors were confined to the lower part of the epithelium. The tumor cells were smaller and more uniform in shape, and extend to the superficial lamina propria. Sixty-one tumors involved at least the entire layer of the upper cortex. There were 31 cases of neoplasms with superficial invasive carcinoma. The types of neoplasms included typical squamous cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma with sebaceous adenoid carcinoma, and differentiation of glandular/ductal epithelioid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the mutant expression rate of p53 protein was 41.5% (17/41). All 41 cases (100.0%) showed abnormal distribution pattern of Ki-67. According to the initial pathologic diagnosis, there were 18 cases of low grade dysplasia, 12 cases of atypical epithelial cells, and 41 cases of high grade dysplasia and superficially invasive carcinoma. Conclusions: Basal cell type dysplasia has unique morphologic characteristics and represents a tumor subtype in the morphologic lineage of esophageal squamous dysplasia. Tumor cells of basal cell type dysplasia, especially those distributed only in the lower part of the stratified squamous epithelium, may be tumor stem cells at the earliest stage of esophageal carcinogenesis and have multidirectional differentiation potential. When the tumor is confined to the lower part of the stratified squamous epithelium, it does not meet the diagnostic criteria for esophageal squamous dysplasia as defined by the current WHO classification.

Rhinitis may be a clinical symptom of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, an incidental finding during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Rhinitis may be a clinical symptom of primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma, an incidental finding during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The typicality of the Vietnamese people's national liberation struggle for the

The Vietnamese people's resistance war against the US imperialists' invasion to gain national liberation and reunification in the 20th century was a struggle expressing the Vietnamese people's intense desire for peace and national reunification and opposing the American neo-colonialism. The struggle of the Vietnamese people was deeply epochal, and typical of the national liberation movement in the world. This was not merely a struggle for national liberation, but also a struggle that reflected and fully converged three major revolutionary trends of the era: national independence, democracy and socialism. The article focuses on presenting brief outlines of the struggle for national independence, typical features of the Vietnamese people's struggle for national liberation, and puts it in the relationship between the revolution in Vietnam and revolutionary movements in the world. As a result, not only the value and aspiration for peace of the Vietnamese people and progressive humanity, but also the art of combining national strength with the strength of the times in the American war was recognized.

Accuracy of individualized 3D modeling of ossicles using high-resolution computed tomography imaging data.

The present study aimed to investigate the visibility of small ossicle parts/landmarks on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)/3D reconstruction (3D) to investigate what improvements in scanning resolution are needed before accurate 3D printing of patient-specific ossicles is possible. A total of 24 patients with sudden deafness sought consultation at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery at the Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital between October 2013 and June 2014 were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent a 256-slice spiral HRCT temporal bone axial scan, yielding a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine documents series. These documents were then inputted into Mimics 16.0 interactive medical image processing software for data conversion and the creation of 3D segmentation and visualizations of the ossicles. Finally, the 3D images were compared using multiplanar reformation (MPR) and 3D volume-rendering (VR) reconstructed images of ossicles to verify their consistency. These were then compared with the normal ossicle structure to evaluate the accuracy of the restoration. The findings indicated that the morphology of the ossicles from the converted Mimics 16.0 data achieved a display rate of ≥90% when used to display 7 landmarks (the caput mallei, collum mallei, processus lateralis mallei, manubrium mallei, corpus incudis, crus longum incudis, and crus breve incudis). This demonstrates excellent matching with the images of ossicles obtained from MPR and 3D VR reconstruction. Kappa consistency testing found that the κ-value was higher than 0.75. When displaying the lenticular process, caput stapedis, crus anterius stapedis, and crus posterius stapedis landmarks. The display rate was around 60%, which shows good matching with the ossicles' images obtained from MPR and 3D VR reconstruction, with a κ-value >0.4. However, the display rate of the stapes footplate was only 25%, showing greater differences with the images obtained from MPR (76.4%) and 3D VR reconstruction (52.8%), with a κ-value <0.4. The accuracy of the visualization of the malleus and incus after restoration via Mimics 16.0 software, based on temporal bone HRCT data, was high, and the degree of restoration was good. However, the accuracy and degree of restoration of the stapes footplate require further improvement.