People's Depression Research Articles

Antidepressant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta C.) in Male White Mice Using the Forced Swimming Test Method

Depression is a disorder characterized by changes in one's mood and activity patterns that are different than usual. Depression is experienced by teenagers to old age. One of the ways to overcome people's depression is to consume drugs made from herbal ingredients. Cassava leaves are thought to have efficacy as an antidepressant. This study aims to determine the antidepressant effect of cassava leaf extract given orally to male white mice. The extraction was carried out by soxhletation method. The extract obtained was tested for phytochemical content. The antidepressant effect test of cassava leaf extract was carried out using the forced swimming test method with the immobility time parameter. The test animals were divided into 5 groups each consisting of 5 mice. Group 1 was drug control (amitriptyline), group 2 was depression control (CMC Na 0.5%), groups 3, 4, 5 were given ethanol extract of cassava leaves at doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/KgBb. The result showed that the extract contained flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin and steroid. The results showed that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves at doses of 125 mg/KgBb, 250 mg/KgBb, 500 mg/KgBb had an antidepressant effect, as indicated by the immobility time scores of each group of 28.76%, 35.14% and 44.94%. The ethanol extract of cassava leaf has an optimal effect as an antidepressant in male white mice at a dose of 500 mg/KgBb, equivalent to the control drug amitriptyline.

The Prevalence of Depression among the Global Public in the Context of the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We aimed to analyze the prevalence of depression among the global public during COVID-19, identify its influencing factors in order to provide reference, and help safeguard public mental health. A comprehensive literature on global public depression in various countries during the COVID-19 pandemic was obtained through electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and other databases, combined with literature tracing from Dec 2019 to Mar 2023. Then a meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects model by Stata 16.0. The heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 . Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression analysis were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity and the factors influencing public depression. Egger's test was used to test publication bias. Overall, 68 articles with 234,678 samples were included in the study. Analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of depression among the population during COVID-19 was 32.0% (95% CI: 29.0%-35.0%). Of these, marital status (OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.47-0.87), presence of infected cases (OR=2.45, 95% CI: 1.82-3.30), and fear of being infected by the virus (OR=9.31, 95% CI: 6.03-14.37) were the main factors influencing people's depression and the main source of heterogeneity. The prevalence of depression among the global public is at a high level during COVID-19. The prevalence of depression among people unmarried, divorced, or widowed, surrounded by infected cases, contact infection cases, and worried about being were higher than others.

Hierarchical Convolutional Attention Network for Depression Detection on Social Media and Its Impact During Pandemic.

People across the globe have felt and are still going through the impact of COVID-19. Some of them share their feelings and suffering online via different online social media networks such as Twitter. Due to strict restrictions to reduce the spread of the novel virus, many people are forced to stay at home, which significantly impacts people's mental health. It is mainly because the pandemic has directly affected the lives of the people who were not allowed to leave home due to strict government restrictions. Researchers must mine the related human-generated data and get insights from it to influence government policies and address people's needs. In this paper, we study social media data to understand how COVID-19 has impacted people's depression. We share a large-scale COVID-19 dataset that can be used to analyze depression. We also have modeled the tweets of depressed and non-depressed users before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we developed a new approach based on Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Network (HCN) that extracts fine-grained and relevant content on user historical posts. HCN considers the hierarchical structure of user tweets and contains an attention mechanism that can locate the crucial words and tweets in a user document while also considering the context. Our new approach is capable of detecting depressed users occurring within the COVID-19 time frame. Our results on benchmark datasets show that many non-depressed people became depressed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Artificial intelligence analysis of electroencephalogram and evoked potential in patients with depression based on machine learning

AbstractWith the continuous improvement of people's mental pressure and life pace, people's study and life pressure would increase, leading to the increase of people's depression. Depression is a mental illness, a chronic mental illness that is inconsistent with the patient's physical condition. In recent years, as people know more and more about depression, and they have more and more research on depression, many research scholars have provided new ideas for the treatment of depression, and this paper takes this as the research direction and research basis. This paper introduces the background of EEG (electroencephalogram, EEG) and evoked potential and artificial intelligence (Artificial intelligence, AI) methods, and then analyzes the patients with depression based on AI, and summarizes the application of electronics. The concept analysis of depression, EEG and evoked potential is put forward. At the end of the article, the application of machine learning in depression is studied. At the same time, with the continuous development of machine learning in artificial intelligence, the EEG and evoked potential related work in patients with depression are also facing new opportunities and challenges.

Online Gamification Learning During The COVID-19 Pandemic

The unexpected COVID-19 outbreak in 2019 pushed most schools to switch to online teaching styles, and students had to adapt to online learning at home. Using case analysis and literature review, this study is committed to sorting out and studying theoretical studies and case studies of gamified online learning in COVID-19 time. This study will trace the meaning of gamification and analyzes related literature and closely related theories such as Motivation Theory, Serious Games and Flow Theory, which have some internal correlation to gamification. English studies are taken as case studies to inspect the effects of online gamification learning during the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. This study concludes that gamification learning, although has some shortcomings in class, can not only effectively promote students' classroom engagement and desire to learn behaviors, improve students' learning motivation and classroom interaction, but also shorten the social distance between teachers and students and alleviate people's depression and other bad mental emotions.

Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on Aging Sexual Minority People's Depression: Results from the CANUE and CLSA data

As the aging population grows across the world, exploring the impact of social environment on minority populations’ aging and well-being would be an essential step towards building an inclusive society. Using the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) and Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (CANUE) data, the study investigated the relationship between deprivation and depression level in aging sexual minority people to examine how neighborhood level social and material deprivation influence mental health. 48,792 survey respondents were included in our analyses and the average age was 62.9. The study had 47,792 heterosexual, 760 gay/lesbian, and 240 bisexual individuals (23,977 men and 24,815 women). Regression analyses were conducted while controlling for age in each model. Results revealed that neighborhood material deprivation has a significant impact on mental health outcomes of aging lesbian women and bisexual men. The study provides an opportunity for intervention considerations for materially deprived neighborhoods to serve the aging sexual minority people residing in such areas.

Mediation Effect of Self-Efficacy and Resilience on the Psychological Well-Being of Lebanese People During the Crises of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Beirut Explosion.

Introduction: Self-efficacy signifies an individual's belief in their own ability to perform the actions required to achieve a particular performance. In this study, we used an online survey to assess the mediation effect of resilience and self-efficacy on the overall psychological well-being of Lebanese people during the crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Beirut explosion.Methods: Overall, 567 Lebanese people participated in an online survey between March 17–28, 2021. The survey included the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-6 items (SAVE-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale-2 items, WHO-5 Well-being Index, General Self-Efficacy scale, and a single item on insomnia. We also assessed their risk perception regarding exposure to COVID-19 or explosions.Results: About 53% of participants were assessed as having depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) in the recent crisis. About half of participants (53.2%) reported feeling more stressed by COVID-19 than by the Beirut explosion, and 23.4% felt more stressed by the Beirut explosion than by COVID-19. Only the SAVE-6 score differed significantly between groups with greater stress responses to COVID-19 and the Beirut explosion. Self-efficacy mediated the influence of depression on people's psychological well-being, and self-efficacy and resilience mediated the influence of viral anxiety on psychological well-being.Conclusion: Self-efficacy is important for reducing people's depression and improving their psychological well-being during the Lebanon crises and also mediates the influence of anxiety in response to the viral epidemic on their psychological well-being in some people.

One common enemy, a pandemic, uniting interdisciplinary teams

One common enemy, a pandemic, uniting interdisciplinary teams

Heterogeneity in the trajectories of depressive symptoms among elderly adults in rural China: The role of housing characteristics.

Depression among older adults in rural areas, a multiply disadvantaged group, has become a severe public health issue in China. Few studies, however, examine the role of rural living conditions as a potential risk factor for depression. This study uses panel data from CHARLS, a Chinese population-based longitudinal study, and employs growth mixture modeling to examine the association between rural housing characteristics and the heterogeneous pattern of depression trajectories among elderly adults in rural areas. The results suggest that there is heterogeneity in elderly people's depression and that stably living in multifloor and high-quality houses is associated with a higher probability of being in the stably low-depression trajectory class.

Perceptions of the competent but depressed.

Accurately recognizing and remembering the depressive symptoms of other people can be crucial in helping those suffering from depression. Yet, lay theories about depression might interfere with accurate perception or recollection of depression in others. The current study examined whether laypersons would misremember depressive symptoms in highly competent people as being less severe than they actually are. Participants first read a target vignette about a character displaying depressive symptoms, whereas the level of competency of the target character varied across different conditions. Then, participants read a foil vignette describing a character with similar depressive symptoms, which was intended to elicit memory errors for the target vignette. When the foil vignette described that the depressive symptoms were eventually overcome, participants were more likely to false-alarm the recovery as the competent character's than as the less competent character's (Experiment 1a). Conversely, when the foil vignette's depressive symptoms were described to be highly severe, participants were less likely to false-alarm them as the competent character's symptoms than as the less competent character's symptoms (Experiment 2a). This phenomenon appears to be unique to laypeople's perception of depression, as the same pattern of results was not obtained when the participants were mental health clinicians (Experiments 1b and 2b) or when laypeople participants read about symptoms of physical disorders or other mental disorders (Experiment 3). Taken together, the current study presents novel findings suggesting that competent people's depression is underdetected by laypeople. The implications and the limitations of the study are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The Role of Physical Activity in Determining the Level of Older People's Depression

The Role of Physical Activity in Determining the Level of Older People's Depression

Young people's narratives of depression

This article reports on findings from a study, which aimed to gain insight into young people's depression as a part of their life course by analysing written accounts of 81 young Finnish people who self-identified as having been depressed. The participants’ accounts were seen as reflecting both their actual life and their narrative interpretations of it in relation to the prevailing normative conceptions regarding youth. The accounts can be grouped into four main story types. The story type referred to as growing up on a sidetrack depicts depression as having its origins in childhood adversities that hinder the realisation of normative goals. Falling off the track depicts how a young person's life can be derailed as a result of experiences that cause or exacerbate depression. In the story missing the track, depression is intertwined with one's experience of failure in meeting normative expectations, whereas the story questioning the track features the problematisation of such expectations. The results underscore the importance of tackling different adverse conditions in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood in a timely fashion, as well as the importance of therapy, counselling and guidance, which help young people to manage difficulties and depression in their life.

471 – Needs of family caregivers in caring old relatives having depression: a literature review

Introduction Family caregivers experience great stress after their old relatives have been diagnosed depression. Satisfying the needs of these caregivers may reduce their stress and empower their competence in caring those depressed older people. Therefore, it is essential to assess the needs of family caregivers. Aim To identify the needs of family caregivers’ in caring old relative with depression by literature review. Method Criteria were set for searching published studies in databases. Both local and overseas researches that studied the needs of family caregivers of depressed adults aged 65 or above were included. Those studies with keywords, such as carers, caregivers, needs, concerns, elderly, old people and depression, in titles and abstracts were identified. The studies were limited to articles published between January 1990 and March 2012, in English or Chinese. All kinds of research design and methodology were included. Articles were obtained through databases, including CINAHL, OVID, Medline, Cochrane, ProQuest and PsycInfo. Besides, manual search was performed when necessary. Lastly, nine literatures were chosen for reviewing as they fulfilled the criteria. Result Family caregivers experienced negative emotional burden, stress and worry. Besides, they were fear of isolation and change in relationship role. Furthermore, they would like to satisfy their learning needs in caring skills. Studies proved that education program was an effective way to support the family caregivers. Conclusion Education program, which provides information about older people depression and caring skills, and preparation for role change, is indicated to provide support to the caregivers.

Depression and related factors in older people in China: a systematic review

SummaryChina has an increasing ageing population. Depression, as one of the most common problems in older people, is a concern that merits attention. This paper reviewed published studies of the prevalence of depression and its related factors in older people in China. Seventeen papers were identified by searching the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, China Academic Journal and VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals. Whilst prevalence varied across studies, health status, social support, financial status, living arrangements and some demographic factors were consistently related to older people's depression. Further well-designed studies are needed to explore depression in older people in China to identify more culture-specific contributors to maximize well-being.

介護老人保健施設におけるロボット・セラピー

A long-term experiment of robot therapy for elderly people has been conducted at a health service facility for the aged since Aug. 2003. Three therapeutic seal robots, named Paro, were introduced at the facility. This paper describes an interim report of the experiment after one year. Face scales, consisting of illustrations of person's faces, were used to evaluate people's moods. In addition, Geriatric Depression Scales were used to measure people's depression. These results showed the feelings of the elderly people had been improved continuously by interaction with the seal robots for the period.

Academic and general well-being: The relationship with coping

There is an increasing concern with the general health and well-being of youth in educational settings. This paper reviews eleven studies which focus on the relationship between adolescents' coping strategies and various aspects of their general and academic well-being. In each of these studies the measure used to assess students' coping responses was the Adolescent Coping Scale (Frydenberg & Lewis, 1993). In one study it was generally found that when it came to young people's depression the use of non-productive coping was a predictor over and above teacher reports of students' well-being. In several other studies it was found that more reported problems, low self-esteem and high perceived academic stress were associated with the use of non productive coping strategies. In a study of gifted young people it was found that those with rigid beliefs about themselves were also likely to use non-productive coping strategies. In the adult community, young women with anorexia nervosa resorted to non productive ways of coping as did university students who were experiencing academic stress. There appears to be general support for the notion that if successful coping is to be increased, it may be helpful to teach ways in which the use of non-productive strategies can be decreased.