People's Attitudes Research Articles

Analysis of Public Views and Attitudes towards the Preservation of Tembang Cianjuran Traditional Art Culture

Tembang Cianjuran is a traditional art originating from Cianjur Regency. This traditional art is one of the cultural treasures of West Java and Indonesia. This traditional art contains philosophical meaning, local wisdom, morals, and presents life values ​​that are useful for the community that owns it. However, currently Tembang Cianjuran is facing challenges in terms of its preservation. As times change, Tembang Cianjuran is increasingly marginalized due to the presence of contemporary art which is preferred by the younger generation. Apart from the effects of globalization, what is more important regarding the preservation of the Tembang Cianjuran traditional art is the views and attitudes of the community itself. This research aims to explore the views and attitudes of the people of Cianjur towards the existence and efforts to preserve Tembang Cianjuran. The research design used is a quantitative approach with survey methods. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 172 respondents who were residents of Cianjur. The questionnaire was distributed via a goggle form which was forwarded via WhatsApp. The results of the research show that people consider Tembang Cianjuran as a symbol of community pride. In addition, they argue for the need for conservation measures. They also said that society must have responsibility for preserving traditional arts. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide insight into people's views and attitudes towards the importance of preserving traditional art. The implication of this research is that it can provide an overview of community support for preserving the traditional art of Tembang Cianjuran.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on hypertension among the health science faculty and students at the University of Namibia: A cross-sectional study.

Hypertension is a serious health concern, especially in developing countries, and assessing people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is important for its awareness and management. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the KAP on hypertension among students and staff from the Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the University of Namibia. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on adult participants who completed the KAP questionnaire while resting, and thereafter their blood pressure (BP) was measured. This study was conducted in September 2023. The sample comprised 99 participants (77 females and 22 males) aged 18 to 64 years. The majority (94%) of the participants had normal BP (≥140/90 mm Hg). The systolic BP of females (113.13 ± 13.70 mm Hg) was significantly lower (P = .011) than that of males (121.64 ± 13 mm Hg); however, there was no significant difference in diastolic BP between the 2 genders (73.58 ± 9.37 for females and 75.95 ± 10.55 for males; P = .311). Approximately 85% of the participants demonstrated a good understanding of the risk factors associated with hypertension. About 91% of the participants believed that hypertension is a serious health problem and were willing to change their daily routine to better manage their hypertension. Only approximately 39% of the participants regularly monitored their BP. Just above 50% of the participants regularly engaged in physical activities and made dietary modifications to maintain a healthy heart. It is important to host regular hypertension campaigns among health science personnel, as this would help refresh and improve their KAP in prevention and management.

Factors Influencing Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour Towards Engaging with Advance Care Planning: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Chinese Diaspora.

Advance care planning (ACP) is increasingly recognized as a public health priority globally, with cultural aspects influencing people's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward ACP. Despite being one of the largest diaspora groups, the Chinese community remains under-researched in this area. This study aims to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and health behaviours related to ACP among Chinese diaspora within a region in the United Kingdom. A cross-sectional online survey based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour was conducted with 284 Chinese adults recruited from four social and voluntary organisations in the United Kingdom. The study found low awareness (15%) and knowledge (mean score: 2.26 ± 1.78) of ACP, with less than 5% of the participants engaging with ACP. This contrasted with participants' attitudes (17.24 ± 2.57) and behavioural intention (14.93 ± 3.26) toward ACP, which were generally positive. Behavioural intention was the strongest predictor of engaging with ACP (OR 3.29, 95% CI: 1.35-8.02, p = 0.01). Participants with previous end-of-life care experience had a better understanding of ACP; older age and higher knowledge of ACP were associated with more positive attitudes. Cultural beliefs associated with the level of family involvement, legal aspects, and the availability of information in one's first language was significant influences on engagement with ACP. Despite low awareness and engagement with ACP among the Chinese diaspora, positive attitudes and behavioural intention suggest potential for increased engagement. This could be achieved through culturally tailored interventions that address cultural influences and complexity surrounding legal requirements. Further research is needed to develop and test such interventions.

Hukum Sebagai Pengendalian Sikap dan Perilaku Sosial

Humans are social creatures who always fulfill physical needs and recognize their existence as social creatures so that their attitudes and behavior towards other people and their environment are within a system of rules. These certain customs are sustainable and bound by a sense of shared identity. Apart from that, the surrounding natural environment contributes and has a big influence on the formation of attitudes and behavior, as well as a person's character. Therefore, law is essential to regulate social interactions, to ensure the continuity of life, fundamental things are needed, namely justice and welfare, as a means to regulate, guarantee certainty, provide credibility, a means for the government to regulate and guarantee the continuity of life. Control is a means of distributing resources ensuring order and stability of society, and maintaining its existence to achieve benefits following the objectives of the law. People's social attitudes and behavior can be controlled by the laws in force in the country where the people live. With the existence of laws, people can live comfortably, peacefully, and safely.

How does identifying with one's nation predict support for wars? The role of secure national identification and national narcissism

National identity has a significant influence on people's attitudes and behavior. However, several researchers make a distinction between secure national identification and national narcissism. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship of different forms of national identity with militaristic attitudes, i.e. attitudes toward a specific military campaign, to war in general as a way of international conflict resolution, as well as to excessive military violence against prisoners of war and civilians. We used cross-sectional design in several online studies. In Study 1, we measured only the attitudes toward the activity of Russian troops in Ukraine, and in Studies 2a and 2b, four different forms of military attitudes. The studies have revealed differences in the associations of secure national identification and national narcissism with militaristic attitudes. Secure national identification was positively associated with attitudes toward the government-approved military action in Ukraine and, to a lesser extent, to war in general as a way of international conflict resolution. At the same time, national narcissism was positively associated with attitudes toward all forms of military violence. We interpret these results with reference to the content of Russian national identity and social context in modern Russia.

Introduction and validation of the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale: A contemporary tool for assessing adolescent attitudes towards dating violence in offline and online environments

The study developed and validated the Modern Adolescent Dating Violence Attitude (MADVA) scale, examining young people's attitudes towards online and offline variants of adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA). Data were collected among 2011 adolescents from England, aged 10–25 (M 15.72 years). Dimensionality and construct validity of the MADVA was investigated using traditional Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results indicate a six-factor model (Attitudes towards: Sexual Abuse-Online; Sexual Abuse-Offline; Psychological Abuse-Online; Psychological Abuse-Offline; Physical Abuse-Offline; Controlling Behaviour-Offline). Excellent composite reliability and differential predictive validity were observed for all six subscales. The MADVA scale enables users to better evaluate ADVA prevention-programmes.

Unveiling Shadows: Stigma Among Family Members of Children With Trisomy 21

The experiences of family members of children with Trisomy 21 revealed the stigmatization these families face. This stigma arises from a combination of societal and cultural factors, mainly driven by people's tendency to judge based on physical appearance. Participants pointed out that the focus on facial features, where visible differences trigger prejudice, often leads to hurtful name-calling and exclusion. Additionally, a lack of awareness about Trisomy 21 in communities significantly affects families. Limited knowledge creates misunderstandings resulting in judgment and emotional distress. Disparities in education add another layer to the issue, as educational gaps foster unconscious biases and negative stereotypes. The data show that people's attitudes contribute to ongoing stigma. The uniqueness of this study is that it explored the pervasive stigma experienced by family members and extended family members of children with Trisomy 21, commonly known as Down syndrome. Through qualitative interviews, the researchers were able to investigate the stigmatization and prejudices faced by these families. The findings revealed that stigma manifests in various forms, including social exclusion, discrimination, and emotional distress, significantly impacting the psychological well-being and social integration of both the children and their family members. Through these experiences that were highlighted, it helped to create the themes. By examining these experiences, the study recommends for urgent need for raising awareness, inclusive policies, and supportive interventions to mitigate stigma and promote a more accepting and understanding society. Future research on the stigma faced by family members of children with Trisomy 21 may also delve deeper into the different cultural and regional contexts that influence the stigmatization that these families encounter. Future studies may examine how effective different laws, anti-stigma programs, and awareness programs are in order to promote a more inclusive and welcoming environment for these families. The data that were gathered highlights the need for raising awareness and the government giving more focus to these people to foster empathy and reduce the negative perceptions associated with Trisomy 21.

Eco‐Esteem and Depopulation: Broadening the Perspective on the Demographic Challenge in the Rural World*

AbstractThe dynamics of contemporary rural depopulation have been explained and addressed mainly as a result of structural transformations brought about by economic globalization. The influence of cultural/relational aspects has been less present in the scientific literature, where much of the analysis has been concerned with questions such as the effect of bond and attachment to the local. In connection with this matter, our paper explores how the interactions between social capital and community resilience dynamics affect decisions to leave or stay. The paper finds that the link between social capital and local resilience strategies is mediated by interdependent pattern. To understand how these connections are shaped and operate, we propose the notion of eco‐esteem, understanding it as a pattern of linkages with the socio‐ecosystem, determined by relationships and practices, which conditions people's attitudes, behaviors, expectations and, ultimately, their decisions to stay in or leave the rural world. To demonstrate the usefulness of this theoretical‐methodological perspective, we present a qualitative ethnographic case study in two municipalities in Extremadura (Spain), which are similar in their socio‐demographic characteristics, but which experience significantly different depopulation dynamics.

Popular support for a universal basic income – still sensitive to playing the immigration card?

This article aims to investigate the persuasive power of immigration on people's attitudes towards a universal basic income (UBI). We use a survey experiment in which respondents, after being asked about their immediate reaction to the idea of introducing an unconditional basic income, are confronted with a counterargument referring to immigration. The experiment was undertaken in November 2021 as part of the Norwegian Citizen Panel, a representative research-purpose internet panel, and replicates a similar survey experiment carried out among Norwegian voters in 2003. In the previous study, a large share of the respondents abandoned their initial position when exposed to counterarguments referring to immigration. The results of the present experiment confirm that immigration has substantial persuasive power as a counterargument among initial supporters of a UBI, also in the contemporary Norwegian context. Contrary to the previous study, we find a strong negative relationship between scepticism about immigration and the propensity to initially support a UBI proposal, but – as in the previous study – we find that having negative attitudes towards immigration is strongly associated with a tendency to abandon an initially supportive stance. Our findings give support to the core of the so-called ‘progressive's dilemma’: that immigration may erode support for ambitious welfare policies, particularly among traditionally pro-welfare state segments of the electorate.

The Effect of Seeing Paintings or Photojournalistic Images Depicting Refugees on Their Infrahumanisation

Abstract Images are powerful cultural agents that can inform, shape and change the attitudes and behaviours of viewers. The ways in which marginalised groups are depicted in photographs shape people's attitudes towards them. For example, viewing photojournalistic images portraying refugees in large rather than small groups results in the infrahumanisation of refugees. However, the impact of artworks vs photojournalistic images depicting refugees on their infrahumanisation remains a key and unexplored topic. In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether viewing different types of visual images (e.g., paintings vs photographs) of refugees using distinct visual framings (e.g., large or small groups) influences viewers' infrahumanisation of refugees and the intensity and valence of the viewers' felt emotions. Contrary to our predictions, no evidence was found for an effect of visual framing (large vs small groups) and different image types (paintings vs photos) portraying refugees on their infrahumanisation. Moreover, and in line with our predictions, photojournalistic images were evaluated as more emotionally intense than paintings, whereas paintings rather than photojournalistic images engaged more positive emotions, demonstrating that different types of images involve distinct affective responses. Furthermore, exploratory findings revealed that increased positive appraisals of photojournalistic images depicting small groups rather than large groups led to greater humanisation of refugees. This suggests that positive emotions can decrease the infrahumanisation of marginalized groups, particularly when these are evoked by photojournalistic images. Overall, these findings shed new light on the effects of audience exposure to different forms of visual representation and their social and emotional consequences.

Gen Z’s Digital Literacy in the Development of Proactive Personality: An HR Management Perspective

The digital literacy is required for the efficient functioning of an individual in the digital world. Digital transformation changes people's attitudes and behaviors, strengthening or weakening some of them. The continuous research in this field is justified by the fundamental changes that digitalization is bringing about in the global labor market, professional activities, and work structures. An interesting question is whether digital skills can be helpful in shaping specific attitudes and behaviors of employees as e.g. proactivity. The concept of proactivity is an important phenomenon considered within the framework of corporate entrepreneurship. A proactive organization focuses on seizing opportunities in a competitive market, implementing innovations in practice and managing market expectations. For an organization to be proactive, it is necessary to implement proactivity at all levels of the organizational structure, which may be more effective if we employ employees with a high level of proactive personality. It remains unknown whether digitization is connected with an individual's proactivity. The current study aims to examine the dependency between elements of the digital literacy and the development of proactive personality of young individuals of Gen Z, an attitude that may to emphasize the importance of proactiveness as a desirable feature in the professional life. The research was conducted in the form of a survey using the CAWI method among 370 individuals of Gen Z in Poland in 2024. Regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant dependency between the digital literacy and the proactive personality in the studied group of respondents, however, not all predictors within the model have a positive dependency with the proactive personality. The main limitations of the study are visible in not fully representativeness of the research group, and hence the inability to generalize the conclusions and make certain assumptions regarding the probable use of a proactive personality in the workplace.

Awareness on Carbon Footprints Among Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Students

In this study, we aimed to investigate the awareness and actions related to carbon footprints among Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah (Polisas) students. As the world's greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise globally, it is critical to assess people's attitudes and actions in tackling this environmental challenge, especially those of the younger generation. In addition to evaluating the students' views about the impacts of carbon emissions, the study also studied the students' actions to reduce carbon emissions. The study attempted to measure the carbon footprint values of Polisas students based on their daily activities using the Polisas Carbon Footprint Calculator. Using data from their regular monthly activities, students may estimate their carbon footprint with the help of this simple application, which helps them gain a better awareness of their environmental effects. Important information about the attitudes and behaviours of 406 participating students regarding carbon emissions was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to them. The respondents' data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and the results showed an average high mean of 3.68 for attitudes towards carbon emissions and 3.60 for actions connected to lowering carbon emissions. It suggests a positive inclination among Polisas students towards environmental consciousness and sustainable practices. The findings further highlight the monthly carbon footprint of Polisas students, calculated at 3287.14 kg of CO2. To contextualize this data, the Polisas Carbon Footprint Calculator recommends planting an average of 104 plants per month, equivalent to four trees per day, to offset their carbon emissions. It gives students a tangible understanding of their carbon footprint and encourages them to actively participate in carbon offsetting initiatives actively, fostering a sense of responsibility for their environmental impact. In conclusion, this study contributes valuable insights into the awareness, attitudes, and practices of Polisas students regarding carbon footprints. The implications of this study extend to the development of targeted environmental education programs and initiatives to enhance student's understanding of their contributions to carbon emissions. Moreover, the findings underscore the potential for instituting campus-wide sustainability measures and encouraging students to actively engage in carbon offsetting activities, thereby fostering a more environmentally conscious and responsible student community at Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah.

The Intention of Balinese Hindus to Use Cremation Services to Carry Out the Ngaben Ceremony: The Moderating Role of Religiosity

One dimension that needs to be considered to see social change is the consequences of social changes that occur in society. The aim of this research is to test and explain the influence of cremation attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on the intention to crem with cremation services which are moderated by religiosity. Indicator development was carried out on variables based on local wisdom. The research target population 767, with a research sample of 140, using a non-probability sampling method. Data was collected by questionnaire and analyzed using SmartPLS. The results of the research prove that the implementation of cremation attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have a positive and significant effect on cremation intentions to use cremation services at the crematorium. It is proven that religiosity significantly moderates the influence of cremation attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control on cremation intentions to use cremation services. However, on the influence of cremation attitudes and subjective norms, religiosity weakens, meaning that if people's cremation attitudes towards cremation intentions are moderated by religiosity, there will be a decrease in people's intentions to carry out cremation cremations, as well as subjective norms, the moderating role of religiosity can weaken cremation intentions among Hindus. in Bali. Meanwhile, the influence of perceived behavioral control strengthens, meaning that religiosity in its role in moderating perceived behavioral control strengthens the intention of the Hindu community in Bali towards cremation with cremation services.

Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis of Risky Health Interventions: Moving Beyond Risk Neutrality

ABSTRACTCost‐effectiveness analysis for health interventions is traditionally conducted in a risk‐neutral way, insensitive to risk attitudes in the population, which are potentially non‐neutral. While the standard outcome metric of quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) aims to be deferential to people's valuations of health states, cost‐effectiveness analysis of risky interventions using the QALY metric is not similarly deferential to people's risk attitudes. I argue that there is no good justification for this practice. Non‐neutral attitudes to risk, especially where they concern individually life‐changing interventions need not be irrational, and so imposing neutrality is not justifiable as a way of debiasing preferences. Many common justifications for deference to health state preferences extend to risk attitudes. But even if reasons for deference do not extend, imposition of risk neutrality as opposed to any other rationally permissible risk attitude is under‐motivated as default practice. Thus, either methods for measuring risk attitudes separately and incorporating them into cost‐effectiveness analysis should be used more widely or a richer set of information should be presented to political decision‐makers and the public to enable them to decide how to take into account the individual risks faced by members of the population, on top of aggregate effects on population health.

Increasing support for economic freedom: responses in a representative sample of US adults

AbstractThe relationship between economic freedom and improvements in social and economic outcomes is well-documented. Yet, increasing support for government control of voluntary exchange has arisen in the US and many other countries. The present study analyzed whether videos describing human flourishing would influence support for economic freedom. In Study 1, a ‘‘brain as predictor’’ approach measured the neurologic responses of participants (N = 64) to a library of videos in order identify the videos most likely to influence people's attitudes. Study 2 then sent two videos to a representative sample of US adults (N = 1212) and assessed support for economic freedom compared to a no-video control group. The analysis first identified demographic categories that had statistically low support for economic freedom (Californians, those with low incomes, Democrats, young adults, individuals without a college education, people receiving substantial government support, and women) as targets for influence. Two different videos increased support for economic freedom between 5 and 10% among Californians and among those receiving government aid. A feature importance analysis was used to rank the demographic factors affecting support for economic freedom, identifying those receiving government aid as the group for whom future messaging would have the largest impact.

Validity and reliability of the TechPH scale in assessing Iranian older adults’ attitudes toward technology

Background and aimGiven the rapid technological advancements and increased usage of digital tools, understanding older people's attitudes toward technology is vital. Assessing their views can help identify barriers and facilitators to adoption. This understanding is essential for developing effective educational strategies and user-friendly technologies that enhance seniors' quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to psychometrically evaluate the scale for measuring attitudes—both willingness and anxiety—toward technology (TechPH) in Iranian older adults.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted on 420 older individuals (aged 60 and above) in Tehran in 2024 to perform a psychometric test of the attitudes toward technology scale (TechPH). Validation was carried out using translation validity methods, including translation-back translation with bilingual experts (n = 2), face validity with a sample of the older population (n = 10), content validity with a panel of 11 experts, and construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) (n = 420). Instrument reliability was determined through test–retest and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) methods with a sample of older individuals (n = 30). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 16 and EQS 6.4 software.ResultsA comparison of Persian and English translations revealed acceptable translation validity and cultural adaptability for the scale. Each item's Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were determined, with a total average CVI of 0.95. The results of EFA indicated that the sample size was adequate, as shown by the KMO value of 0.754. Additionally, Bartlett's sphericity test demonstrated a significant correlation between the items (χ2 = 221.819, df = 15, P < 0.0001). EFA revealed that two extracted factors explained 41.002% and 18.111% of the total variance. Furthermore, CFA yielded suitable estimates based on the general fit indices of the model (RMSEA = 0.061, IFI = 0.979, GFI = 0.983, CFI = 0.978, CMIN/DF = 1.769, MFI = 0.989, AGFI = 0.942). In evaluating test–retest stability and internal consistency, the values of the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's α were 0.85 and 0.77, respectively, indicating appropriate reliability for the scale.ConclusionP.TechPH, the first Persian version of the scale for measuring technophilia and technophobia among Iranian older people, has favorable psychometric properties. It can serve as a standard tool for assessing older people’s attitudes toward technology in various studies.

Public Opinion on the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility: The Role of Cognition and Emotions

Given that young people have a limited capacity to recognize the unlawfulness of their actions, the minimum age of criminal responsibility (MACR) presents an important subject of professional and political inquiry. In addition to the natural and legal sciences, public opinion is confirmed to influence the decision-making of legislators in the matter of criminal policy. Research on determinants of public opinion on the MACR is relatively scarce; however, some studies focusing on punitiveness in general suggest that it is influenced by both cognitive assessments as well as emotions and beliefs. Using a representative sample of Czech citizens, this study finds public support for a lower MACR to be particularly driven by their perception of children crime trend, mediated through people's negative attitude toward the behaviour of today's children.

Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) using Machine Learning (ML): a Survey and Taxonomy

Human-robot interaction (HRI) which has become the fundamental need of the hour is born out of the necessity for studying the relation between humans and robots. This cutting-edge discipline is a multidisciplinary field that draws from computer science, robotics along with human-computer interaction and psychology. It focuses mainly on designing and programming machines, best known as automated machines or robots, which are used by humans to perform specific tasks in a timely manner and with higher quality. The key problem in HRI is to realize, shape, tune, and modelling the humanrobot interaction in a flexible manner. For the sake of reflecting and shaping the interactions between humans and robots, HRI is based on the fusion of the two areas: the people's behaviour and attitudes towards using these robots, as well as the physical, technological, and interactive features of the robots. As the robot has tightly integrated from a set of sensors that collect the data from the environment and send them to the processor which in turn translates the collected data into information that can be used in the robot itself, machine learning (ML) is a well-known research area that focuses on the building of well-stocked knowledge systems by using supervised and unsupervised algorithms. From a conceptual standpoint, this research survey and taxonomy pursue to present an in-depth evaluation and review of the most current state-of-the-art papers that have already been published so far and encompass the use of ML algorithms in the HRI field. Thus, a total of 30 research papers devoted to HRI were examined and analysed to give the most ML algorithms implemented in the field of HRI. Evidently, this study shows that the Neural and Reinforcement learning machine algorithms that are used mostly in the recent studies that have an interest in HRI use a machine learning algorithm with a supervised technique in a physical application. There are many challenges facing HRI using ML algorithms, which reduce the use of other ML algorithms such as deep and SVM learning algorithm. Unfortunately, these challenges limit use in social and mobile applications.

Edukasi Sindrom Metabolik di Desa Laehari, Leitimur Selatan, Kota Ambon

Metabolic syndrome is a global pandemic caused by obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Maluku Province is known to have great potential for increasing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the community starting from an early age. Metabolic syndrome has various risk factors including lifestyle such as diet, alcohol consumption, smoking routines, and physical activity. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase knowledge about the negative impacts of metabolic syndrome through education related to non-communicable diseases of metabolic syndrome. It is hoped that this activity can change people's attitudes and behavior toward high-risk non-communicable diseases related to metabolic syndrome. This activity was conducted well on May 24, 2024, in Leahari Village, South Leitimur District, Ambon City with 62 participants. The stages of the activity began with participant registration, measuring weight and height, and checking blood pressure, followed by health education and administering pre-post tests. The results of the recapitulation of participants' weight and height were still within proportional limits, the results of blood pressure checks showed that the average blood pressure was 118/79 mmHg. The results of the pre-post test showed that respondents had good knowledge about metabolic syndrome. This can also be seen during the discussion and question and answer session, respondents could answer questions asked by the speaker. It is hoped that with increased knowledge, it can change people's behavior which can be a risk factor for non-communicable diseases of metabolic syndrome.

Short-term conservation education influences Ugandan adolescents' knowledge, attitudes and investment decisions.

Environmental education research methods often focus on measuring changes in people's attitudes toward conservation. While attitudes are an important indicator of change, it is critical to target incentivised behaviour because conservation efforts often involve behavioural changes that are costly to one's self (e.g., reducing water use, purchasing pricier alternatives). In the present study, we measured both attitudes and behaviours in a short-term conservation education program near the primate-rich Kibale National Forest in Western Uganda. Adolescents ( N = 59) participated in a three-hour curriculum over three weeks integrated into an after-school wildlife club. After almost 30 years of successful primate conservation education in this region, we chose a novel taxonomic group (bats) for this study. Our pre-registered study had two conditions: an experimental condition, in which students learned about bats as an important local pollinator species, and a control condition, in which students learned about the moon. Only the experimental condition emphasised conservation's delayed benefits. We compared attitudes, knowledge, and behaviours pre- and post- curriculum. To capture behaviour, we employed an investment task in which participants could invest their own resources in a 'fund' to support work relating to bats or the moon, depending on condition. Across both conditions, participants showed positive shifts in attitudes and knowledge from pre- to post-measures and showed increased investments in bat- and moon-related funds. These findings reveal that short-term conservation education influences adolescents' investment decisions as well as their attitudes and knowledge. Our method can easily be edited for conservation education of any species including endangered primates.