People's Attitudes Research Articles

Prohibition Policies and Environmental Cognition in Disaster-Prone Zones: A Study of Post-Earthquake Agricultural Land Reclamation

Objective: Prohibition policies need to be implemented by farmers who oppose several "legally rational" measures that prohibit land reclamation in disaster-prone zones. This prohibition event occurred during an earthquake on September 28, 2018, at 18.02 WITA with a magnitude of 7.4 (epicenter) at 0.18 South Latitude, 119.85 East Longitude, and a depth of 10 Km. After the earthquake, the tsunami hit the west coast of Palu Bay and Donggala Regency. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), which covers an area of +/- 200.4 hectares, liquefaction, downlights, and landslides occurred in several locations, including Palu City. Apart from defending their ancestral lands, liquefaction victims benefited from an improved quality of life thanks to their persistence in remaining in the Petobo area. It significantly influences how people engage with their environment and is highly tied to the time variable. In this case, activity patterns and environmental conditions, and these patterns interact over a predetermined period (Barker, 1968). Patterns of human activity in space can change depending on the day, week, or season. Methods: This study examines environmental cognition during the 2017 agricultural land era before and after the crisis using a qualitative descriptive technique and a mental map approach. Conclusion: Information about people's views and attitudes towards post-disaster agricultural land conditions is essential to answer research questions about the prohibition of returning land to disaster-prone zones. Since some farming businesses have had to close, it is necessary to understand land boundaries.

A SURVEY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICES ABOUT MALARIA TRANSMISSION, SYMPTOMS AND PREVENTION AMONG THE PEOPLE OF A RURAL COMMUNITY LAHORE

Malaria is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and it is particularly prevalent in tropical regions. In Pakistan, malaria is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with over 1.6 million cases reported in 2022. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were an estimated 247 million incidences of malaria and 691000 malaria deaths globally in 2017. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of a rural community in Lahore, Pakistan, regarding malaria prevention. A community-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to May 2023. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from survey participants who were identified using a simple random sampling technique. The participant's knowledge, attitude, and practice levels were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS. The study found that the rural community in Lahore generally has good knowledge about malaria prevention, including its transmission, primary symptoms, and control measures. This knowledge can help improve people's attitudes and practices, ultimately leading to better prevention of malaria in the area.

Perception, attitudes and expectations among people toward emergency medical services system in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

The emergency medical service system is a pre-hospital medical service that effectively helps reduce the severity of emergencies and mortality rates before transferring patients to the hospital. This cross-sectional study investigated people's perceptions, attitudes, and expectations toward the emergency medical services system and aimed to find the relationship between the perceptions, attitudes, and expectations toward the emergency medical services system in Samut Songkhram province, Thailand. The samples consisted of 491 individuals who were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using linear regression analysis to identify correlations. Results revealed that most participants demonstrated a good overall perception of the use of the emergency medical service system (M = 2.46, SD = 0.27), a good attitude towards the emergency medical service system (M = 2.40, SD = 0.23), and a high level of expectation towards the emergency medical service system (M = 2.85, SD = 0.25). Perception of the use of emergency medical services and attitude towards the emergency medical service system showed positive correlation with expectation towards the emergency medical service system, with R2 = 0.23 (p-value < 0.05). These findings can be used to plan and develop strategies for improving the utilization of emergency medical services, ensuring that the public is informed, understands, and accesses the emergency medical service system correctly and effectively.

People's Knowledge and Attitudes About Factors That Can Impact Wound Healing in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background Wounds, ranging from acute to chronic, demand timely intervention to prevent complications. Infections can impede healing, leading to sepsis. Chronic wounds impact society, causing limitations in mobility and social exclusion. Early identification of infections is crucial for effective treatment, reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, and improving patient outcomes. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted from June to October 2023 in Saudi Arabia using a self-administered online questionnaire to assess wound healing knowledge and attitudes. Convenient random sampling via social media was employed to collect data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Our study predominantly featured female (67.1%), Saudi (94.8%), aged 18-25 years (42.0%), and married (51.1%) participants. Chronic illnesses were prevalent in 24.2%, with heart disease (5.7%) and hypertension (4.5%) being notable. Burn injuries (27.4%) and upper extremity wounds (40.9%) were common, prompting immediate medical care (54.1%). Internet sources (22.6%) and relatives/friends (18.4%) were key for wound care information. Participants displayed solid awareness of wound-related factors, with notable misconceptions regarding Zamzam water (44.4%) and coffee beans (39.3%). Participants prioritized stopping bleeding (41.1%) and using wound patches (42.1%) for home injuries. Age group, education, marital status, and occupation impacted knowledge about wound healing. Conclusions Our study highlights key demographics, prevalent chronic illnesses, common wound types, and crucial sources of wound care information. Participants' awareness, coupled with notable misconceptions, emphasizes the importance of tailored education. Factors such as age, education, marital status, and occupation impact knowledge about wound healing.

IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI BUDAYA HUKUM DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT

This journal aims to measure theoretically the correlation of society, law, and culture in the dimensions of theory and practice. In the dimension of legal practice, it is closely related to culture. Law itself is a product of culture, because actually a legal product is a product of human creation. Law can be used as a means of change and renewal of society. In addition, law is positioned as a means of driving development, or then law can function as a means of dispute settlement. In general, this study uses normative juridical research methods. The approach in this method is used as an effort to deepen all aspects of law formation, the relationship between law and culture, to its implementation in social life. The results of this study indicate that society, culture and law are three interrelated components. Law is a product of culture and has a role in regulating people's behavior and shaping attitudes and behavior internalized by society. The relationship between culture and law is mutually influencing and plays an important role in the formation of norms, values, behavior, and collective identity in society

Embracing RAISA in restaurants: Exploring customer attitudes toward robot adoption

Humanity has experienced four main technological revolutions; the last two being the digital revolution (Internet) and the emerging artificial intelligence (AI) revolution. With robots, artificial intelligence, and service automation (RAISA) increasingly applied in all industries, knowledge on people's attitudes toward RAISA is limited. Factors affecting RAISA adoption in restaurants, an industry known for its quick adoption of new technology, are largely unknown. This study explores customer attitudes toward robot adoption in restaurants through a quantitative survey of 293 valid respondents. The results, analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), show that positive attitudes toward technology, interest in RAISA, perceived relevance, and enjoyment positively impact RAISA adoption. Furthermore, customers' overall attitude toward technology positively affects their intention to use RAISA. Therefore, restaurant owners can start implementing new technologies since consumers are ready to embrace RAISA in restaurants.

Living with leopards: an assessment of conflict and people's attitudes towards the common leopardPanthera pardusin a protected area in the Indian Himalayan region

AbstractProtected areas are important for wildlife conservation but they are also used by many local communities for livelihood activities. This often leads to conflicts and erodes the tolerance of local people for wildlife, particularly towards carnivores that prey on livestock. To enhance conservation success and improve the social carrying capacity of carnivores, it is essential to understand the factors influencing such conflicts and the attitudes of people interacting with carnivores. We used structured questionnaire surveys to assess the extent of livestock mortality and community responses to common leopardsPanthera pardusin Kishtwar National Park, a relatively understudied protected area in the Greater Himalayan region of India. The mountainous Park and its surroundings have historically served as a haven for the local agro-pastoralists and transhumant pastoralists, resulting in complex human–wildlife interactions across the larger landscape. Our results showed that leopards were responsible for high livestock depredation (71 incidents in 2 years), and households with larger livestock holdings experienced a higher predation rate compared to those with smaller livestock holdings. An ordinal logistic regression model revealed that respondents’ age and period of activity in the Park significantly influenced their opinions regarding leopards. Large losses suffered by otherwise low-income households resulted in more negative attitudes towards these predators. Our study indicates that financial compensation for livestock losses is a key factor in improving human–leopard coexistence. A comprehensive, cross-sector collaborative approach would help to improve conflict resolution and promote favourable attitudes towards these predators.

Determination of the extent to which people’s attitude influences solid waste management in Cross River State, Nigeria.

This paper examined the determination of people’s attitudes on Solid Waste Management in Cross River State, Nigeria. One hypothesis was developed to direct the investigation to fulfill the study's objectives. In line with this, a literature review was conducted. For this study, a survey research design was used. Out of the 6,923 respondents in the population, a random sample of 1,106 respondents was chosen for the study. Stratified random sampling, basic random sampling, and accidental sampling were used to choose the sample. Determining People's Attitudes on Solid Waste Management Questionnaire (DPAXWM) was the name of the tool used to collect data. Two measurement and evaluation specialists and one from the Department of Continuing Education and Development Studies validated the questionnaire. The split-half reliability approach was used to estimate the instrument's dependability. The statistical method used to examine the hypothesis under investigation was the independent t-test. The hypothesis was tested with significance set at the.05 level. The study's conclusion showed that attitude has a significant influence on solid waste management. The study's conclusions led to recommendations for the immediate reinstatement of the bimonthly or monthly environmental sanitation program and for raising public awareness of the risks associated with the careless disposal of waste that Cross River State residents engage in. Above all, to improve residents' health and safety, the state government should also provide waste management facilities so that people can dispose of their garbage correctly.

A Conceptual Aquila Merged Arithmetic Optimization (AIAO) Integrated Auto-Encoder Based Long Short Term Memory (AUE-LSTM) For Sentiment Analysis

Sentiment analysis is a branch of analysis that uses disorganized written language to infer the opinions and emotions of people's critiques and attitudes toward entities and its features. In order to produce acceptable results, the majority of sentiment analysis models that employ supervised learning algorithms require a large amount of labeled information during the training stage. This is typically costly and results in significant labor expenses when used in practical applications. In this study, an intelligent and unique sentiment prediction system is developed for accurately classifying the positive, negative, and neutral comments from the social media dataset. Data preprocessing, which entails noise reduction, tokenization, standardization, normalization, stop word removal, and stemming, is done to ensure that the data is of a high enough quality for efficient sentiment prediction and analysis. The preprocessed data is then used to extract a mix of features, including hash tagging, Bag of Words (BoW), and Parts of Speech (PoS). Consequently, in order to choose the best features and speed up the classifier, a new hybrid optimization method called Aquila merged Arithmetic Optimization (AIAO) is used. Furthermore, an Auto-Encoder based Long Short Term Memory (AuE-LSTM), an innovative and clever ensemble learning technique, is used to precisely anticipate and classify user feelings based on the chosen data. This study uses a variety of open source social media datasets to evaluate the performance of the suggested AIAO integrated AuE-LSTM model.

Social and cultural aspects of human–wildlife conflicts: Understanding people's attitudes to crop‐raiding animals and other wildlife in agricultural systems of the Tibetan Plateau

AbstractThe social dimensions of human–wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly important. In regions where crop‐raiding is a common issue, local people's attitudes toward wildlife is an important indicator of how successful conservation efforts are likely to be. One such area is the east Tibetan Plateau—a biodiversity hotspot with well‐preserved forest ecosystems and mountain villages where subsistence farming is practiced. In this context, we conducted a survey of people's tolerance toward wildlife in five Tibetan villages that experience conflicts arising from crop‐raiding incidents. We interviewed 83 respondents, 76 of whom were participants in a compensation scheme that provided payments for crop damage. Wildlife tolerance was generally high, mostly due to mutualistic wildlife values, whereby people believed they should coexist with animals equally instead of exploiting them as natural resources. Tolerance was influenced by people's wildlife preference rather than the level of damage to croplands: people were likely to show higher tolerance toward culturally important species even when they were crop‐raiding animals. While economic and mitigation efforts as part of traditional conservation management led to increased tolerance, the compensation scheme and fencing were less important than wildlife preference. We suggest that conservation management for human‐wildlife conflicts should develop region and stakeholder‐specific engagement strategies. Crucially, such strategies should incorporate cultural considerations to fully address the complex human dimensions inherent in these issues.

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF PAREMEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEKI LANGUAGES

In linguistics, the field of phraseology is one of the fields that does not have a long history. It was studied as part of lexicology for many years until it was separated as a separate department. Despite the fact that a lot of research has been done in the field of phraseology, it still has many aspects that have not yet been discovered. One of them is the ability to distinguish phraseological units from other units that are not ready in speech, and one of the controversial problems of phraseology is to understand it in a narrow and broad sense. The word paremiology is derived from the Greek words paranomia -wisdom, and logos -teaching. That is, the mental state, ethical and aesthetic feelings, positive qualities of a certain people, representing the way of life, life, people's attitude towards society, conclusions drawn based on observations and experiences, and oral from generation to generation. Paremiology is the field of linguistics that studies wise expressions such as proverbs, proverbs, and proverbs that move in form, are compact and simple, and appear as short and meaningful logical summaries. The field of Paremiography deals with the collection of such compounds.

Implementation of Regional Regulation No. 08 of 2014 concerning Waste Management in Pekanbaru City (Case Study of Senapelan District)

Garbage has become a national problem so that its management needs to be tried in a comprehensive and integrated way from upstream to downstream so that it provides economic benefits, is healthy for residents, and is safe for the area, and can change people's attitudes. Especially in the city of Pekanbaru, we hear about garbage cases. The condition of the environment in densely populated areas, especially Senapelan District, cannot be said to be clean because there are still piles of garbage on the side of the road or on vacant land, and there are still many Temporary Waste Storage Places that do not provide suitable containers. This research is to find out the implementation of Pekanbaru City regional regulations No. 8 of 2014 concerning waste management in the Senapelan District case study. The purpose of this research is to analyze the process of implementing waste management policies in the District of Senapelan. This study uses qualitative methods with case studies in order to investigate and examine phenomena that occur in real life. The results of the study show that the implementation of the Waste Management Policy in Senapelan District has generally been carried out, but it is still not optimal, as can be seen from 1. The behavior of the organizational relationship between self-management and privatization has been tried by establishing cooperation, commitment, and coordination with the Living Area and Cleaning Service, there are still obstacles in the waste management process. 2. The behavior of the implementor below has carried out waste management but there is still a lack of organizational control in the waste management process. 3. The attitude of the target group is that residents share positive reactions and support the existence of waste management in the Senapelan District. Because it is considered very helpful for urban residents, especially in densely populated areas.

P60: Development of a participant-driven dementia learning program by people living with dementia

Objective:All older adults, including those already living with dementia, should be provided with adequate knowledge about dementia and be aware of how to navigate the social resources available to them. The purpose of this study was to develop a practical program to help older adults living in the community learn about cognitive decline and how to use related social resources.Methods:Program participants included attendees of a community center for dementia support in a major Japanese city, as well as the residents of a large housing complex in the local area. Within the cohort, there were participants who willingly disclosed to having dementia. The program began in February 2021 and was held once a month for a total of 15 hour-long sessions. A participant survey was administered at each session to gather the demographic information of participants and their understanding of the program. Additionally, the staff conducted recorded verbal discussions about the program, which were then reviewed using thematic analysis.Results:The program structure was as follows: (1) participants decided the theme; (2) the first half of each session comprised lectures, while the second half included discussion and group work; and (3) rules for discussion were established (do not interrupt, do not unilaterally deny what people say, maintain confidentiality). The average number of participants per session was 12.1. Survey results indicated that 70.5% of participants were female and, in terms of age, the largest number of attendees were 81-90 years old (48.5 ). Most participants “understood the program content well” (72.5%) and indicated that “they would strongly like to participate again” (64.2%). The recorded participant discussions about the program were suggested, after review, to be more superficial as a result of Japanese people's particular attitude of not wanting to bother others.Conclusion:Participants were highly satisfied with the program and were able to help develop a practical program for people living with dementia to learn effectively. A challenge was that participants had a “do not want to bother others” mindset, which could inhibit them from expressing their true wishes and make them less likely to use social resources.

DOES THE COMMUNITY'S PERSPECTIVE ENCOURAGE CUSTOMERS TO TAKE FINANCING PRODUCTS AT SHARIA BANK?

This study aims to determine community interest in financing products at Islamic banks with a modified Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) approach. These modified TPB variables consist of knowledge, religiosity, attitudes, subjective norms and behavioural control. This research was conducted in Jakarta. Islamic banks located in the Jakarta area are the object of this research, and the sample is 130 respondents. The quantitative method with the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis model approach with SmartPLS 2.0 software is the method used in this study. The variables of knowledge, religiosity, attitudes, subjective norms and behavioural control are exogenous, while the intervening variable is community interest, and the endogenous variable is financing decisions. The variables of knowledge, religiosity, attitudes, subjective norms and behavioral control, which have a direct positive and significant effect on the community's interest in using Islamic bank financing products, are the results of this study. Knowledge, Attitude and behavioural control directly and significantly positive affect the community's decisions to choose financing products in Islamic banks. The higher people's knowledge, Attitude and behavioural control, the higher the financing decision becomes the implications of this research result. Religiosity and subjective norms significantly negatively affect the decision to choose financing products in Islamic banks. In addition, community interest also has a positive and significant effect on financing decisions. This means that, community interest can significantly mediate knowledge, religiosity, subjective norms, attitudes, and behavioral control influence financing decisions. Based on the research results, Indonesian Islamic Banks can develop business by emphasizing the religiosity side to inspire people to prefer financing of Islamic banks over conventional banks. Furthermore, Bank Syariah Indonesia should use social-environmental reference factors like friends, family, neighbors and religious figures

The Role of Social Media in Increasing Political Literacy of Beginning Voters

Social media has been a significant influence in moulding young voters' political knowledge and engagement, hence improving their political literacy. This study aims to determine social media's role in increasing young voters' political literacy. The method used in this study is a literature review. The stages used in the literature review are article collection, reduction, display, organizing and discussing, and drawing conclusions. This study showed that social media has become a new domain for voters, especially first-time voters with competing candidate pairs. First, social media's role in political literacy is as an agent for disseminating information about political processes and development policies. Second, they become agents of accentuating views, opinions and even people's attitudes towards certain political phenomena. Third, social media is a public space for free discussion and political literacy. Fourth, social media has contributed to the promotion of democracy by carrying out the function of social control, for example the E-KTP corruption case.

Collectivistic orientation moderates the effect of personal control on evaluations of societal disease‐control measures: During and beyond the COVID‐19 crisis in China

AbstractTwo pre‐registered studies examined people's psychological collectivism, personal control, and attitudes toward disease‐control measures in the context of the COVID‐19 crisis and more generalized contexts. Study 1 surveyed 819 residents in Shanghai in late May 2022 when they were undergoing a stringent city‐wide lockdown caused by an outbreak of the Omicron variant. We found that participants' psychological collectivism attenuated the negative association between experiences of COVID‐19 restrictions and personal control and enhanced the positive association between personal control and support for COVID‐19 restrictions. Study 2 (N = 403) recruited an online sample with diverse backgrounds and demographic characteristics and sought to extend the findings of Study 1 beyond the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants were exposed to a series of hypothetical scenarios depicting a fictitious virus with varying fatality and transmissibility. As in Study 1, participants higher in psychological collectivism exhibited a stronger positive association between personal control and endorsement of stricter societal disease‐control measures, but only in low‐fatality, high‐transmissibility situations. The implications of these findings for facilitating public support for disease‐control efforts are discussed.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards the Appropriate Use of Anti-Acne Products amongst Youths and Adults

Acne is the most common skin disorder, especially in youths and adults, regardless of gender. However, with the wide range of ages and education, people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices might be diverse. Therefore, it is essential to understand the correct treatment. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the appropriate use of anti-acne in the community. The study was carried out in the neighbouring area of Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, using a validated questionnaire. The data were analyzed with nonparametric correlation using Spearman Correlation. According to the data collected from 103 participants, about 62.1 % (n=64) had a moderate level of knowledge, 50.5 % had a positive attitude toward using anti-acne products, and 61.2 % (n=63) had positive responses in the practice of using anti-acne products. There was a positive correlation between the participant's knowledge and practice (p<0.001; r= 0.388). This study concludes that a health promotion program is a warranty to increase the public's level of knowledge.

Saving the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta—People's attitudes, opinions and willingness to help

AbstractThe unique nature and environment of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta as well as its agricultural production and its traditional lifestyle are endangered by a rising sea level and increasing salinization of the ground and surface water. This paper aims at the assessment of Vietnamese people's information on and attitudes towards these problems as well as their respective convictions and beliefs. Imbedded in an online survey with 2000 completed interviews we also conducted a Contingent Valuation study with which we want to assess people's willingness to contribute personally and financially to saving the Mekong Delta as an indication of the benefits they would expect from such a project. We interviewed three different groups of respondents, one of which lives directly in the Mekong Delta, a second lives outside the Delta, but close to it, that is in Ho Chi Minh City, and the third group lives far away from the Delta in Hanoi. With these three subsamples of respondents we wanted to capture not only the use benefits but also the nonuse benefits accruing from such a project. In the course of the interviews, we found that the Mekong Delta is of great interest and importance to all interviewees, no matter in which part of Vietnam they live. They were mostly well informed on the problems there and had strong opinions on the causes of these problems as well as on suitable strategies to fight them. In our Contingent Valuation study, we assessed the willingness of people at the different study sites to contribute financially to a hypothetical project for the preservation of the Mekong Delta and the socio‐economic, attitudinal and psychological determinants of this willingness. Besides these empirical findings, we also obtained valuable insights regarding various methodological aspects of Contingent Valuation studies.

COVID-19 vaccine perceptions online and offline: A content analysis of tweets and a survey of college students’ opinions about the vaccine

This study examined social media conversations and people's attitudes and perceptions in the United States about the COVID-19 vaccine from January and February 2021. A total of 1,050 tweets were content analyzed (N = 1,050) (January 2021: n = 550, February 2021: n = 500). Research was also gathered from college students at a medium-sized college in the northeast during those two months using an online survey with a sample size of 171 (N = 171).It was found that more tweets in January had negative sentiment than in February, whereas tweets in February had more positive sentiment than in January. Although half of the tweets did not address vaccine risk, the other half identified various risks. Tweets in January included more blaming of government and individuals than tweets in February. Regarding hazard and outrage, more tweets in January expressed low hazard and high outrage than tweets in February, though more tweets in February showed low hazard and low outrage than those in January. Finally, tweets in January contained more liberal and conservative frames than tweets in February.The survey data show that people held positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants’ risk perception about the vaccine was low. They also rated the vaccine as highly effective. Participants noted COVID-19 being a high threat. People's concern with COVID-19 was moderately high. They also took highly active behavior to protect themselves from COVID-19. Participants showed relatively low levels of outrage toward COVID-19 vaccines. The majority of participants had family members and friends who received the vaccine. Survey participants with family members who had been infected with COVID-19 had more belief in the effectiveness of the vaccine than people whose family members had not been infected.These findings can be invaluable to public health officials in better understanding perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine and risk.

Identification of drivers and affecting factors in the future of Persian medicine: The cross-impact analysis method

IntroductionPersian medicine is a holistic medical school with deep roots. It has a high educational, research, and therapeutic capacity and has been the focus of Iran's general health policies in recent years. Futures studies aid policymakers and health managers in creating normative scenarios and developing action plans using various techniques. This study aimed to identify important drivers and factors that affect the future of the Persian medicine system. MethodThis qualitative research was conducted with a futures studies approach, using the Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) in three main steps. The first and second steps were conducted using interviews and focus group discussions. In the first step, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Persian medicine experts to identify all factors affecting the future of Persian medicine. In the second step, we held three focus group discussions with 9 interviewees from step one with national-level influence to determine the influence and dependence of each factor. The third step was performed using the matrix CIA and MICMAC to identify the key factors affecting the future of Persian medicine. ResultsSixty five variables affecting the future of Persian medicine were identified, 36 related to the health system, and 29 to external factors. Factors such as globalization, knowledge-based economy, the spread of non-communicable and chronic diseases, as well as people's views and attitudes towards Persian medicine, are considered key drivers and variables that will affect the future of the Persian medicine system. The Iranian development plans as a two-dimensional and risk factor are crucial in establishing Persian medicine. ConclusionThe future of the Persian medicine system is relatively stable. The pattern of the Iranian development plans is considered the most important two-faceted factor as a risk factor in the establishment of the Persian medicine system. It is suggested that the position of the Persian medicine system in the Iranian development plans be made more prominent.