People's Willingness Research Articles

The willingness to use internet-based home care services and its influencing factors among rural older people in Henan Province, China: a cross-sectional study.

To meet the growing health needs of older people, the Chinese government has introduced internet-based home care services. However, most rural older people have not yet benefited from such services, and the willingness to use these services and the factors influencing them remain unclear. We aim to investigate the current willingness of rural older people to use internet-based home care services and analyze the factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study across multiple centers using general information and self-developed questionnaires. Qualitative interviews, a literature review and the Delphi method were employed to develop the questionnaire. A total score of the questionnaire above 78 or higher indicates a high willingness to use internet-based home care services. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used to explore the factors that influence the willingness of rural older people to use internet-based home care services. We surveyed 349 rural older people. The total score of rural older people's willingness to use internet-based home care services was 84.49 ± 10.88, indicating high willingness, with the highest score for the dimension of perceived usefulness and lower scores for the dimension of perceived ease of use. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that gender, education level, residence status, number of chronic diseases, and knowledge of internet-based home care services were the most important factors for rural older people (all p < 0.05). The willingness of rural older people to use internet-based home care services is high. Thus, it is recommended that county hospitals increase public awareness of such services, optimize the design of their interfaces, and support family and social resources from relevant departments that can maximize access, so as to provide a reference for later relevant departments to enhance willingness.

Determinants of the coproduction of public health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study of students behaviors on a university campus

This article explores the effectiveness of coproduction and co-delivery in public health, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on a university campus. We investigate the types of cooperation between students and their university (a government entity) to promote and maintain public health during the pandemic, focusing on people's willingness to engage in coproduction activities and the effectiveness of these measures in reducing virus transmission. The study examines college students' behaviors and attitudes toward public health measures like masks, social distancing, and vaccinations. Our goal is to generate knowledge about coproduction's potential in supporting public health efforts in an institutional and congregant living setting during future emergencies. Evaluating observational and survey data from Oregon, the study finds that students were more likely than the general public to participate in coproduction activities. It also highlights the unique challenges and opportunities for coproduction on college campuses. The article concludes by guiding future university administrators on effective communication channels to enhance responses during future pandemics.

Value per Statistical Life at the Sub-National Level as a Tool for Assessing Public Health and Environmental Problems.

This article aims to estimate the Value per Statistical Life (VSL) and Value per Statistical Life Year (VSLY) at the sub-national level, which can be used to calculate the economic impact of health and environmental problems. We estimate the value of life for Mexico and its 32 states, grouped into 5 regions for 2021. We used the OECD's guidelines on "Mortality Risk Valuation in Environment, Health and Transport Policies," which applies the measure of Willingness to Pay (WTP) and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). Mexico's overall VSL of $2 000 000 USD in 2021 showcases the value placed on human life. The variation in VSL across the 32 states, with Chiapas having the lowest VSL of $400 000 USD and Mexico City boasting the highest VSL of $3 300 000 USD highlights the different levels of regional development and people's willingness to pay to reduce the risk of mortality. Our estimates of VSL and VSLY have the potential to contribute to the evaluation of public policies in the fields of health and the environment. Monetizing human life through these estimates can offer valuable insights to policymakers at both the national and sub-national levels. By quantifying the economic value placed on human life, this paper helps decision-makers prioritize investments, assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions, and allocate resources to maximize societal well-being.

Do Islamic banks use institutional theory in the light of Shariah governance? Empirical evidence from a Muslim dominant country

The present paper examines the application of institutional theory (hereafter IT) mechanisms (isomorphism and legitimacy) in Shariah governance (henceforth SG) practices and in operations, as it best illuminates the operational guidelines and procedures for the Islamic banks to attain legitimacy. More specifically, the study aims to empirically explore the SG of Islamic banks in Bangladesh from the viewpoint of IT mechanisms. The study applied a qualitative case study method and a semi-structured face-to-face (individual) interview with various stakeholders connected with Bangladesh's Islamic banks and SG practices. The study finds that Islamic banks face pressure from the administration, regulators, and government in performing their activities and functions. More importantly, most Islamic banks replicate one leading Islamic bank, which indicates the presence of mimetic or cultural-cognitive isomorphism. Conversely, normative pressure covers the existing practicing environment, people's social awareness, knowledge, willingness, and accountability of the Board of Directors (BOD) towards the people concerning Shariah compliance with policymaking. Moreover, socio-political norms, regulations, and corruption influenced policymaking, preparation of SG guidelines, and their implementation. The study significantly contributed to national regulatory bodies by exploring the presence of significant pressures on diverse stakeholders. The study has several policy contributions for the Islamic banks and the Central Bank of Bangladesh. Notably, the study will help global regulatory bodies and policymakers minimize multifaceted pressures, improve SG practices, and enhance the quality of Shariah compliance.

People's awareness, behaviour, and willingness about solid waste management in Bhopal City

People's awareness, behaviour, and willingness about solid waste management in Bhopal City

Exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages among adults in China: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, 2018.

For decades, tobacco advertisements and promotions have been common in mass media and public places in China. In 2015, China amended the Advertising Law to prohibit the distribution of tobacco advertising, while also initiating waves of tobacco control media campaigns. This study investigates the associations between exposure to anti- and pro-smoking messages, smoking status, and people's smoking-related beliefs and willingness to support tobacco control policies. A secondary data analysis was performed with the 2018 Global Adult Tobacco Survey of 19,376 adults aged ≥15 years in China. Anti- and pro-smoking message exposures were measured as the sum of sources (media or places) where respondents have seen the messages. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among smoking status, message exposure, and the outcome variables (health harm beliefs, support for increasing tax on cigarettes, support for using part of the increased tax on tobacco control) controlling for smoking status and demographic differences. Overall, 63.3% of the respondents reported being exposed to anti-smoking messages from at least 1 source, while 18.1% were exposed to pro-smoking messages from at least 1 source. Adults who currently, formerly, and never smoked differed in their beliefs about smoking and willingness to support tobacco control policies. Greater reported exposure to anti-smoking messages was positively associated with belief that smoking is harmful, support for increased cigarette tax, and support for using increased tax revenue for tobacco control measures. Meanwhile, greater reported exposure to pro-smoking messages was negatively related to willingness to support cigarette tax increases. While national and local tobacco control campaigns in China have reached a large proportion of the adult population, there is still room for improvement. China might consider expanding anti-tobacco campaigns, as reported exposure to these messages is associated with increased public awareness of the health hazards of smoking and support for increasing cigarette taxes.

Study on the Influence of Peoples Travel Willingness Based on the Factors of Airline Ticket Price Change

This essay takes the popular traveling destination: Dali, Yunnan, China, as an example and studies how the price changes of air tickets would affect the willingness of people to travel. A questionnaire survey was carried out and 88 responses were received, the focus group was people aged between 19-25 because this group is becoming the main consumption group of the tourism industry. The result shows with only a 30% discount on flight tickets between Shenzhen and Dali, it could bring 408,720 potential travelers every year, contributing to 252,852 hotel nights every year, CNY 138,229,128 income every year only for the hotel industry as well as CNY 8,293,748 tax income for the local government every single year. Later, this paper also analyzes the potential advantages and disadvantages after a price discount has been given to the tourists. It also gives recommendations to the tourism industry and the local government. This research is meaningful in helping the government and the tourism industry understand better to what extent the price of the air ticket influences peoples traveling willingness, as well as have better predictions on the consumption preferences of future tourists.

Wissen und Einstellung zur Speicherung und Nutzung von Gesundheitsdaten: Ergebnisse einer Bevölkerungsbefragung

ObjectiveThe article tackles various issues arising in the context of the process of digitalization in the health sector. The communication and availability of health data, health registers, the electronic health record, consent procedures for the transfer of data and access to health data for research are considered. MethodsThe study is based on a computer-assisted telephone survey (dual-frame) of a random sample of adult people living in Germany. Data was collected in the period between June 01 and June 27, 2022 (n = 1,308). ResultsThe level of knowledge concerning the transmission of health data to health insurers is good, whereas the existence of central death-, vaccination- and health registers as well as the access to health data by treating physicians is overestimated. The general acceptance of medical registers is very high. Half the population is unfamiliar with the electronic health record, and the willingness to use it is rather low. An opt-in procedure is preferred when transferring data, and more than eighty percent would release data in their electronic health file for research purposes. Three quarters would consent that their health data be handed over to general research, especially if reserach facilities were situated at German universities, under the condition that their data be treated confidentiallly. The willingness to release data correlates with the level of trust in the press as well as in universities and colleges and decreases when a data leak is considered to be serious. Discussion and conclusionIn Germany, as in other European countries, we observe a great willingness of people to release health data for research purposes. However, the propensity to use the electronic health file is comparatively low, as is the acceptance of an opt-out procedure, which in the literature is considered a prerequisite for the successful implementation of electronic health records in other countries. Unsurprisingly, a general trust in research and government agencies that process health data is a key factor.

The revolutionary doctrine of P. N.Tkachev and the «People’s Will»

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the views of P.N. Tkachev and the ideology of the «People's Will». It is proved that only a small minority in «People's Will» supported Tkachev's ideas. The program of «People's Will» itself and the positions of the majority of the «People's Will» were far from Tkachev's views.

Preferensi dan Kesediaan Membayar Konsumen Terhadap Kantong Belanja Ramah Lingkungan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta

As a form of commitment to reducing the amount of plastic waste in the environment, DKI Jakarta Province has issued Governor Regulation Number 142 of 2019 concerning the Obligation to Use Environmentally Friendly Shopping Bags in Shopping Centers, Supermarkets and People's Markets. On the roadmap proposed by the United Nations Environment Agency, Governments developing policies will need to verify the existence of valid alternatives before banning plastic bags. However, in this regulation, the type, size, material, price and sales of eco-friendly shopping bags are the responsibility of the business actor. The definition of a reasonable price, type, size, and material of shopping bags provided by business actors in this regulation is not clear and can lead to different perceptions, causing the implementation of this regulation to be ineffective. In this study, the types and price limits of eco-friendly shopping bags were analyzed based on the perception and willingness of the public as consumers to facilitate the implementation of regulations related to the use of eco-friendly shopping bags, especially in DKI Jakarta Province. This study uses a qualitative approach by conducting a survey of 406 female respondents with an age range of 18-40 years who live in DKI Jakarta Province. Conjoint analysis is used to determine preferences for eco-friendly shopping bags using SPSS version 24. Consumers' willingness to pay for eco-friendly shopping bags is analyzed using the Contingent Valuation Methode (CVM) approach. Based on the research results, consumers prefer eco-friendly shopping bags that are made of cloth, can be reused, and prefer to bring or provide them themselves rather than being provided by businesses but paying a fee. According to consumers, material attributes are the most important, followed by environmental and economic attributes. If required to pay, 28% of respondents are willing to pay with higher price than the average estimated price of consumers' willingness to pay (WTP), which is IDR 2,380 a piece. The government can use the results of an analysis of people's preferences and willingness to formulate the policies.

The Fertility Intentions of Highly Educated Young People of Childbearing Age in China

Educational attainment has been recognized by a wide range of scholars as being significantly related to fertility intentions, which gradually decline as educational attainment rises. In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the fertility intentions of 401 highly educated young people of childbearing age aged 22-30 with bachelor's degree or above in China through a questionnaire survey and interviews with a random sample of young people of childbearing age with bachelor's degree or above in China. The results show that: fertility intention is significantly correlated with all the factors in this study, and can show a certain upward trend influenced by the current economic conditions, the reduction of damage to childbearing, government welfare policies, partner's willingness and support, and the impact on life and career. The study shows that traditional attitudes and other people's willingness have a lower impact on the highly educated people. Improving the level of available medical technology, reducing the risk of fertility among highly educated young people of childbearing age, increasing partner approval and support, and strengthening the supporting measures for fertility packages are the keys to increasing fertility intentions.

Diet's Role in Modifying Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: History and Present Understanding.

Diet is an important nonpharmacological risk-modifying factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The approaches used here to assess diet's role in the risk of AD include multi-country ecological studies, prospective and cross-sectional observational studies, and laboratory studies. Ecological studies have identified fat, meat, and obesity from high-energy diets as important risk factors for AD and reported that AD rates peak about 15-20 years after national dietary changes. Observational studies have compared the Western dietary pattern with those of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean (MedDi), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. Those studies identified AD risk factors including higher consumption of saturated and total fats, meat, and ultraprocessed foods and a lower risk of AD with higher consumption of fruits, legumes, nuts, omega-3 fatty acids, vegetables, and whole grains. Diet-induced factors associated with a significant risk of AD include inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, elevated homocysteine, dietary advanced glycation end products, and trimethylamine N-oxide. The molecular mechanisms by which dietary bioactive components and specific foods affect risk of AD are discussed. Given most countries' entrenched food supply systems, the upward trends of AD rates would be hard to reverse. However, for people willing and able, a low-animal product diet with plenty of anti-inflammatory, low-glycemic load foods may be helpful.

Multilevel meta-analysis of stated preference values of marine ecosystem services in China

On the basis of a review of studies on the stated preference valuation of China’s marine ecosystem services conducted between 1996 and 2021, this paper presents a meta-analysis of the estimates of marine ecosystem service benefits by using a multilevel modeling approach. The results indicate that a range of factors influence the estimated economic values of China’s marine ecosystem services, including ecosystem area, ecosystem type, respondent identity, regional gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, ecosystem services being valued, valuation method, and hypothetical scenario being employed. Additionally, the meta-regression results indicate that the willingness to pay for marine ecosystem services in China depends largely on people’s perception of the importance of an ecosystem service. Such a perception is influenced by national policies, educational attainment, and the degree to which the service is linked to people’s lives. This situation is evidenced by the high willingness of people to pay for coastal wetlands and recreational services. People were also found to be most willing to pay for conservation scenarios and least willing to pay for environmental compensation scenarios. These findings contribute to the research on the valuation of marine ecosystem services in China and to the incorporation of research results into ecosystem-based management decisions by clarifying the effects of different factors on valuation estimates.

Estimating the potential impact and diagnostic requirements for SARS-CoV-2 test-and-treat programs

Oral antivirals have the potential to reduce the public health burden of COVID-19. However, now that we have exited the emergency-phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, declining SARS-CoV-2 clinical testing rates (average testing rates = ≪\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\ll$$\\end{document}10 tests/100,000 people/day in low-and-middle income countries; <100 tests/100,000 people/day in high-income countries; September 2023) make the development of effective test-and-treat programs challenging. We used an agent-based model to investigate how testing rates and strategies affect the use and effectiveness of oral antiviral test-to-treat programs in four country archetypes of different income levels and demographies. We find that in the post-emergency-phase of the pandemic, in countries where low testing rates are driven by limited testing capacity, significant population-level impact of test-and-treat programs can only be achieved by both increasing testing rates and prioritizing individuals with greater risk of severe disease. However, for all countries, significant reductions in severe cases with antivirals are only possible if testing rates were substantially increased with high willingness of people to seek testing. Comparing the potential population-level reductions in severe disease outcomes of test-to-treat programs and vaccination shows that test-and-treat strategies are likely substantially more resource intensive requiring very high levels of testing (≫100 tests/100,000 people/day) and antiviral use suggesting that vaccination should be a higher priority.

Gamification for well-being: applications for health and fitness

Introduction: gamification is incorporating the elements and dynamics of the game into an educational experience, the aim is to encourage people to be more active in terms of health and physical fitness Objective: determine the influence of gamification on people's health. Method: a review of the bibliography was carried out using articles rescued from databases such as SciELO, Dialnet, Scopus, Researchgate, recovering a total of 16 reference articles from available literature related to the topic in question, included in the time frame. between 2018 and 2024. Results: gamification is positively related to the self-efficacy of users in participating in physical activity and improving healthy habits through the implementation of a didactic strategy, gamification is revealed as a tool with great potential to stimulate motivation and enhance abilities, promote the improvement of conditional physical abilities, including aspects such as resistance, strength, agility and flexibility, influences a decrease in anxiety and overwhelm in the face of failure, greater control over social stress and the Depression. Conclusions: gamification manages to generally reduce the effects of anxiety due to the feeling of failure, motivates the passing of individual and group tests, teamwork, promotes the improvement of conditional physical abilities, allows the overcoming of personal challenges Furthermore, it enhances people's willingness to practice a healthier lifestyle.

The Relationship Between Communicative Actions, Behavioral Intentions, and Corporate Reputation in the Framework of Situational Theory of Problem Solving in a Public Health Crisis.

Objectives: This study aims to determine the individuals' communicative actions based on the basic assumptions of the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) and the effect of these actions on people's willingness to follow WHO's instructions in the event of an epidemic. It also seeks to determine the impact of corporate reputation on people's communicative actions and intention to follow instructions. Methods: Data were collected digitally from 261 graduate students enrolled at a state university in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. A structural equation model (SEM) was employed for data analysis. Results: Perceptual antecedents affected situational motivation, and situational motivation affected communicative actions. Communicative actions were a determining factor in individuals' willingness to follow instructions. The perception of corporate reputation influenced both communicative actions and people's willingness to follow instructions. Conclusion: The study revealed that STOPS can provide an important theoretical framework for more effective risk communication practices in public health crises such as epidemics. It also displayed the relationship between the individuals' communicative actions and their willingness to follow instructions and the determining effect of corporate reputation on both of these factors.

Saving the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta—People's attitudes, opinions and willingness to help

AbstractThe unique nature and environment of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta as well as its agricultural production and its traditional lifestyle are endangered by a rising sea level and increasing salinization of the ground and surface water. This paper aims at the assessment of Vietnamese people's information on and attitudes towards these problems as well as their respective convictions and beliefs. Imbedded in an online survey with 2000 completed interviews we also conducted a Contingent Valuation study with which we want to assess people's willingness to contribute personally and financially to saving the Mekong Delta as an indication of the benefits they would expect from such a project. We interviewed three different groups of respondents, one of which lives directly in the Mekong Delta, a second lives outside the Delta, but close to it, that is in Ho Chi Minh City, and the third group lives far away from the Delta in Hanoi. With these three subsamples of respondents we wanted to capture not only the use benefits but also the nonuse benefits accruing from such a project. In the course of the interviews, we found that the Mekong Delta is of great interest and importance to all interviewees, no matter in which part of Vietnam they live. They were mostly well informed on the problems there and had strong opinions on the causes of these problems as well as on suitable strategies to fight them. In our Contingent Valuation study, we assessed the willingness of people at the different study sites to contribute financially to a hypothetical project for the preservation of the Mekong Delta and the socio‐economic, attitudinal and psychological determinants of this willingness. Besides these empirical findings, we also obtained valuable insights regarding various methodological aspects of Contingent Valuation studies.

A three-dimensional framework of perceiving privacy: A cross-national survey on contact tracing technology and privacy concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic

During COVID-19, digital contact tracing has been adopted as an efficient anti-pandemic measure worldwide, evoking global privacy concerns. Based on a survey of six jurisdictions with 5312 representative samples from Asian and Western societies in June 2021, this study investigates factors shaping an individual's willingness to disclose privacy to curb the pandemic. We propose a three-dimensional framework to analyze how individuals understand privacy in decision-making: privacy as a utilitarian tool, privacy as a value-driven right, and privacy as a contextualized strategy. The findings first suggest a strong utilitarian mindset: the perceived benefit of using contact tracing apps to curb the pandemic enhanced individuals' willingness to render their privacy, and the perceived risk of leakage of personal data weakened such willingness. Such patterns were consistent across societies. Second, the data reveal a positive association between collectivism and intention of privacy disclosure but find no significant moderation effects between the cultural and utilitarian concerns. In addition, the study finds that the perceived threat of the pandemic enhances people's willingness to disclose privacy on the one hand and suppresses the impacts of the utilitarian calculus and value-oriented privacy perception, suggesting crisis psychology on privacy concerns. Our study offers a nuanced understanding of privacy during the crisis and invites further discussion on adopting information communication technology for governance in the post-COVID world.

Socio-demographic inequalities in the impacts of extreme temperatures on population mobility

Extreme temperatures are occurring more frequently and intensely, leading to more significant impacts on a variety of populations in the world as climate change continues. Little research to date, however, has investigated the temporal, spatial, and social patterns in which human mobility responds to extreme temperatures from the perspective of regional heterogeneity. This study, taking the Greater Houston area in the United States as a testbed, conducted statistical and geospatial analyses to measure the unequal impacts of extreme temperatures on human mobility in cities. In particular, the changes in daily human mobility across dimensions (i.e., temperatures, spatial gradients, and social relationships) when experiencing extreme temperatures are examined. The results show that extreme heat inhibits people's willingness to make short trips, while cold weather promotes more frequent short trips. Besides, extreme temperatures impede the mobility of people near the city center while promoting movement to the suburbs. Furthermore, the areas with large numbers of disadvantaged social groups were more likely to be affected by extreme temperatures. The socio-demographic inequalities in the impacts of extreme temperatures quantified in this study could promote more scientific, targeted, and practical policy planning and implementation by local governments.

Analysis of Lao Tzu's Financial Thinking from "When I Forebear, the People Will Prosper"

Lao Tzus fiscal thinking runs through the Tao Te Ching and is a concentrated expression of Huang-Lao Taoisms economic thought. Lao Tzus political outlook and financial outlook are in the same vein and rely on each other, and the finance of Lao Tzus era is not comparable with modern finance, but the financial concept embodied in Lao Tzus idea of When I forebear, the people will prosper is worthy of our deep consideration. This article mainly uses literature analysis, empirical analysis, and comparative analysis, and the research concludes that Lao Tzus idea of self-prosperity has produced different effects in different contexts, but in general, under the premise of combining the background of the times, the reform of ruling without doing anything can indeed play a great role in the countrys economic development.