People Inside Research Articles

Use of the Location Inverse Solution to Reduce Ghost Images

Through-the-wall imaging (TWI) is a difficult but important task for both law enforcement and military missions. Acquiring information on both the internal features of a structure and the location of people inside plays an important role in many fields such as antiterrorism, hostage search and rescue, and barricade situations. Up to now, a number of promising experimental systems have been developed to validate and evaluate diverse imaging methods, most of which are based on a linear antenna array to obtain an image of the objects. However, these methods typically use the backward projection (BP) algorithm based on ellipse curves, which usually generates additional ghost images. In this paper, the algorithm using the location inverse solution (LIS) to reduce the ghost images is proposed and simulated. The results of simulation show that this approach is feasible.

All Achievement Tests are Not Created Equal

All Achievement Tests are Not Created Equal

La Unidad de Terapia de Conducta de la Universidad de Barcelona [The Behaviour Therapy Unit of the University of Barcelona

This paper presents the Behaviour Therapy Unit (BTU) of the University of Barcelona (UB). The BTU was born in 1985 with the will to train new graduates on Psychology in professional practice from the cognitive-behavioural model. Also to develop a clinical service in the School of Psychology that would allow an improvement of the quality of teaching and research through psychological assistance to the people inside and outside the UB that so requested. In the paper we describe in detail the training program offered to the psychologists as well as the training program undertaken by undergraduate students who carry out their practicum. In addition, the work presents data on the Psychological Assistance that has been done in the past 10 years and the effectiveness observed in the treatments carried out under supervision by psychologists in training. Finally, we discuss briefly the main areas of research that we develop in the BTU.

Mental models or methodological artefacts? Adults' naïve responses to a test of children's conceptions of the earth

Vosniadou and Brewer (1992) claim that children's drawings and answers to questions show that they have naive, theory-like 'mental models' of the earth; for example, they believe it to be flat, or hollow with people inside. However, recent studies that have used different methods have found little or no evidence of these misconceptions. The contrasting accounts, and possible reasons for the inconsistent findings, were tested by giving adults (N = 484) either the original task (designed for 5-year olds) or a new version in which the same drawing instructions and questions were rephrased and clarified. Many adults' responses to the original version were identical to children's 'naïve' drawings and answers. The new version elicited substantially fewer non-scientific responses. These findings indicate that even adults find the original instructions and questions ambiguous and confusing, and that this is the principal reason for their non-scientific drawings and answers. Since children must find the task even more confusing than adults, this explanation very probably applies to many of their non-scientific responses, too, and therefore accounts for the discrepant findings of previous research. 'Naïve' responses result largely from misinterpretation of Vosniadou and Brewer's apparently simple task, rather than from mental models of the earth.

The Place Premium: Wage Differences for Identical Workers Across the U.S. Border

We estimate the premium-the wage gain that accrues to foreign workers who arrive to work in the United States. First, we estimate the predicted, purchasing-power adjusted wages of people inside and outside the United States who are otherwise observably identical-with the same country of birth, country of education, years of education, work experience, sex, and rural or urban residence. We use new and uniquely rich micro-data on the wages and characteristics of over two million individual formal-sector wage-earners in 43 countries (including the US). Second, we examine the extent to which these wage ratios for observably equivalent workers may overstate the gains to a marginal mover because movers may be positively selected on unobservable productivity in their home country. New evidence for nine of the countries, combined with a range of existing evidence, suggests that this overstatement can be significant, but is typically modest in magnitude. Third, we estimate the degree to which policy barriers to labor movement in and of themselves sustain the place premium, by bounding the premium observed under self-selected migration alone. Finally, we show that the policy-induced portion of the place premium in wages represents one of the largest remaining price distortions in any global market; is much larger than wage discrimination in spatially integrated markets; and makes labor mobility capable of reducing households' poverty at the margin by much more than any known in situ intervention.

Gating Communities: An Introduction

This issue of Home Cultures presents papers originally delivered at the Symbols of Division and Markers of [Dis]order: Gated Communities as Fortified Spaces in a Neo-colonial World panel at the American Anthropological Association Meetings in Chicago in 2003. The five articles take as their subjects communities that reflect the many varieties of fortified social space in the Americas, including a U.S. military officers' retirement community and emergent gated communities in large urban centers. The authors of these articles address the specific ways in which the built environment reflects and reinforces ideologies of segregation and fear, illuminating the way in which such barriers literally and metaphorically manifest ideologies of the powerful, solidify social hierarchies, and control the movement of people inside and outside of the gates

Dream Factory (review)

Reviewed by: Dream Factory Deborah Stevenson Barkley, Brad Dream Factory; by Brad Barkley and Heather Hepler. Dutton, 2007 [224p] ISBN 0-525-47802-7$16.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 7-12 When Disneyworld's cartoon characters—or at least the people inside of them—go on strike, the park quickly hires young fill-ins to literally step into their shoes (some of them hired, in fact, specifically for their ability to fit into the extant costumes). Two such hires are our alternating narrators: Luke, who occupies the role of Dale (the lesser-known chipmunk in Chip and Dale) and Ella, who, appropriately enough, inhabits the Cinderella costume. Luke immediately hooks up with Cassie, the all-around American girl who conveniently plays his partner, Chip; Ella falls in with Mark, her Prince Charming. The two narrators nonetheless grow closer, sharing their taste for looking below the surface and questioning the past (Ella still grieves the loss of her beloved older brother) and future (Luke resists following his older brother and father into the family business). This is ultimately a classic romance about soulmates finding each other against the odds, but Barkley and Hepler reenergize the old theme with their creative approach and setting. The book makes genuinely clever use of the Disneyworld milieu, exploring the merchandising of magic and the playing of roles in ways that tie into Luke and Ella's personal dilemmas. Yet it's affectionate rather than cynical, with Disney true-believer Mark a pretty good guy and respect given to the craft of a long-term character actor who takes his job very seriously indeed. This is a witty and sweet romance about the magic of finding both oneself and true love. Copyright © 2007 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Leadership Theory and Practice in the MPA Curriculum: Reasons and Methods

As leadership evolves from a topic of management interest into its own unique topic of study and practice, it has a natural place in MPA curricula. Professionals with MPAs usually enter public service as technical experts, but are then often called upon to fill management—or “leadership”—vacancies in organizations. They are looked to as people who can get things done and serve the people inside and outside the organization. Technical experts are often called upon to be organizational generalists. Such a career path highlights the natural emergence in many MPA curricula to include explicitly some education about and training in leadership theory and practice. This article examines this natural trend generally and traces one program’s attempt to incorporate leadership into its curriculum specifically.

The Send-Away Girl

The afternoon's snow still had the lift of an infant's blanket—or teased hair, maybe a spongy Orion sweater, the bed of cotton under jewelry. Jewelry. The girl couldn't even think the word anymore with out feeling the lot of the hopelessly cheap crawl into bed with her, every last scallop of let's pretend—let's at midnight trysts, at cabs from here to there, at ocelot clutch-bags with their own matching lighters. This is why she never attempted jewelry: she couldn't stomach let's pretend for a lime rickey with the girls in offices down the hall and up and down the stairs. Stupid girls, nauseating girls—she herself just one more, an advert repeated all over town: Earnestly seeking secu rity; will cross legs for early dinner and Gregory Peck picture. This particular picture was Copley Square at dusk, lit the way only January can do—Trinity, the library, black cars moving like beetles in a box of baking soda—and beyond that row upon row of pinkish stone, with people inside, living their foreign lives. Her boss had called her attention to the blood-tinged rosiness of the sky, and as they stood in the window of his seventh-floor office, stood side by side before the limp glow, she thought that maybe what he wanted to share was the shameful innocence of this intrusion upon the most cheerless part of his day, this serendipitous injection of radiance into his seventh-floor view of the world. In theory it made no sense to specify this part of her boss's day as the most cheerless, as he always seemed to derive some vague satisfaction from the activity known as getting ready to go home. But he was an unhappy man getting ready to go home, and that was different from a man stuffing his hat on his head and dashing to get the 5:45 from South Station. He'd leave the office never wearing his overcoat; it would be slung over his arm, like something dead he was taking to a funeral par lor to have pressed out and made to look momentarily good. He'd pause at the threshold between her office and the shabby reception area

学校体育の存在意義に関する原理的考察

The current paper attempts to consider the fundamental reasons for school physical education by (1) examining the historical perspective, (2) reviewing critically the approaches adopted up to the present time, and (3) examining the future prospects for physical education in schools. The reasons for school physical education up to the present have been based on usefulness in a "closed community", which plays a dominant role outside and controls people inside. However, in the current climate of globalization, it is necessary for people with different cultures to understand each other and live together. Therefore the logic of the "closed community", on which modern society is mainly based, creates many problems. In the future, the reasons for school physical education should be sought in an "open community" that encourages people to grow up accepting others. This is not easy, because the logic of the "open community" runs contrary to the traditional western concept that human values are found only in reason. In order to examine the aims of school physical education in an "open community", the human body needs to be understood firstly not as material, but as a place for "co-existence". Thus school physical education needs to be reconstructed on the basis of this understanding of the human body.

Prediction of Humidification Power in Textile-Spinning Mills Using Functional and Neural Networks

The power required for the supply, pumping, and exhaust system of the humidification plant of a spinning department of a textile mill depends on many factors. The most important factors are power of motor driving machinery, lighting and heating load, number of people inside, temperature gradient, and relative humidity. The usual procedure is to train the back-propagation neural network (BPN) with the available data and, once it is trained, BPN will be used for inferring. Some other investigators have used different neural network architectures. In this article, we give a general methodology to build and work with functional network (FN), an alternative to neural network paradigm. In this architecture neural functions, instead of weights, are learned. In addition to data, domain knowledge can also be incorporated. It is shown by means of an example that this functional network architecture is successfully applied to predict power required for the humidification plants.

Norms, Rules and Steadfast Love: Towards an Inclusive Theology of Intimacy

This article argues that defenders of the traditional view that marriage is the necessary condition for sexual experience generally make two important mistakes. First, they underestimate how open to emergent forms marriage actually is. And second, they confuse marriage as a norm for sexual expression with marriage as a rule. This article attempts a simple clarification of this basic distinction and, in so doing, is able to throw considerable fresh light on the place of marriage in the Christian understanding of sexuality. First, there will be some reminders about how adaptable the institution of marriage has actually been and may continue to be. Second, attempts will be made to explain the differences between a norm and a rule. Finally some possibilities and consequences arising from this distinction will be explored. These will provide some promptings towards what is called here ‘an inclusive theology of intimacy’. Radical Christians are cautioned regarding their peremptory search for alternatives to marriage. People inside and outside the churches who reject marriage may be rejecting versions of it which, while undoubtedly historical, simply do not bring to light the possibilities released by what might be called ‘the marital norm’.

Relationships not leadership sustain successful organisations

For over a century, managers and academics have been captivated by the relationship between organisational leadership styles and success. The quest to uncover the secret of successful leadership remains, however. Academics have debated the attributes of various leadership styles and the feasibility of training leaders. Today, the literature is suggesting the concept of leadership throughout the organisation, implying a move from 'leaders and followers' to leaders as inspirational players. This paper will argue that the success of an organisation is vested in the formation of sustainable relationships with the primary purpose of leadership being to influence the feelings and emotions of those associated with the organisation; to create the emotional heart of the organisation and thus to determine the tenor of the relationships between the people inside and outside the organisation.

The Missing Ingredient in Knowledge Management

Summary A major oilfield services company commissioned research to find out what know-how was vital to the advancement of their packer business. Would it be the scientific attributes of the tools themselves, the rubber seals, hydraulics, or pressure capabilities? Research, using a knowledge management-targeting technique, determined it was none of the above, but instead was knowledge of metal-to-metal sealing. Armed with this fact, the company proceeded to develop a competitive edge in the marketplace by finding, connecting, and energizing the critical people inside and outside the company who were "in the know" on that vital subject. In other words, in this extraordinary technological era, knowledge management (KM) for this company was not about millisecond communication of information, but about the age-old power of what people know, the front-end of the word "knowledge." By systematically developing, integrating, and deploying what key people know, KM can be a positive force in increasing a company's value in the marketplace. Today's KM can be traced to important work started in the 1960's and 1970's in the field then called scientific and technical information (STI). STI brought out the critical importance of enabled information flows among knowledgeable scientists and engineers for optimal technical productivity. Furthermore, STI research found that in most organizations, only a minority of the technical professions was really in the know, serving as the organizational nodes for their organization's vital knowledge.

Ornament, Gender, and Interiority in Viennese Expressionism

In January 1914 Arthur Roeßler's article "Women and Art" appeared in the Stickerei-Zeitung und Spitzen Revue, a journal devoted to textile art in Germany and Austria. While the embroidery of Emmy Zweybrück (fig. 1), a leading textile artist in Vienna, was ostensibly his subject, Roeßler used the opportunity to secure women's creative activities firmly within Nadelkunst and the domestic sphere. He concluded that her embroideries deserve more praise than any "square meter of painted canvas that any woman aspiring to 'high' art places on view." 1 Stating that the best women's painting could only be an inadequate reflection of a male model, he argued that female talents lay instead in decoration, creations that were part of women's being, only hinting at an unknowable mystery beneath the ornamented surface. This characterization of ornament's superficiality contrasts with those artistic values he praised in the work of young male expressionist painters who were "able to turn the interior of people inside out" during the same period. 2 Artists such as Egon Schiele defined an approach to painting that surpassed nature and became the apex of human achievement. Roeßler suggested that these artists recovered art's high calling, which had been lost through a recent preoccupation with applied art: "They want to move away from applied art, which Klimt approached happily and frequently, sometimes even at the cost of the psychological achievement of an aesthetic creation. All works for them are true works of new art, are storage batteries of psychological forces." 3

Individual differences, environmental scanning, innovation framing, and champion behavior: key predictors of project performance

Although increasing evidence points to the importance of champions for keeping product innovation ideas alive and thriving, little is known about how champions identify potential product innovation ideas, how they present these ideas to gain much needed support from key stakeholders, and their impact on innovation project performance over time. Jane M. Howell and Christine M. Shea address this knowledge gap by using measures of individual differences, environmental scanning, innovation framing and champion behavior to predict the performance of 47 product innovation projects. Champion behavior was defined as expressing confidence in the innovation, involving and motivating others to support the innovation, and persisting under adversity. Interviews with 47 champions were conducted to collect information about the innovation projects and the champions’ tendency to frame the innovation as an opportunity or threat. Survey data were obtained from three sources: 47 champions provided information on their personal characteristics (locus of control and breadth of interest) and activities (environmental scanning), 47 division managers subjectively assessed project performance at two points in time, and 237 innovation team members rated the frequency of champion behavior. The results revealed that an internal locus of control orientation was positively related to framing the innovation as an opportunity, and breadth of interest was positively related to environmental scanning. Environmental scanning of documents and framing the innovation as a threat was negatively related to champion behavior, while environmental scanning through people was positively related to champion behavior. Champion behavior positively predicted project performance over a one-year interval. Overall, the findings suggest that in scanning the environment for new ideas, the most effective source of information is the champion’s personal network of people inside and outside the organization. Also, the simple labeling of an idea as a threat appears to diminish a champion’s perceived influence and erode credibility in promoting an innovation. From the perspective of division managers, champions make a positive contribution to project performance over time, reinforcing the crucial role that champions play in new product development process.

Supply Chain como um Fator de Geração de Valor: uma Aplicação do Conceito de EVA®

Supply Chain como um Fator de Geração de Valor: uma Aplicação do Conceito de EVA®

Use and Impact of Informal Third-Party Discussions in Interpersonal Conflicts at Work

Interpersonal conflicts in the workplace frequently involve conversations with coworkers and outsiders as a means of making sense of the conflict situation. However, little is known about the factors associated with the use of third-party discussions or the impact of these discussions on subsequent behavior. This study examined informal third-party discussions in the workplace, as described by 396 individuals involved in interpersonal conflicts. Results indicate that conflict intensity and relative power are likely to affect the incidence and timing of third-party discussions and that discussions witi people inside and outside the organization can have differential effects on the assertiveness and cooperativeness of behavior.

Windscreens: never seen until damaged

What happens when a stone hits a windscreen? Most drivers see a fleeting glimpse of something coming towards them, followed by a loud bang as the stone bounces off. Sometimes a single crack will form, and in the worst case the crack will grow and branch across the whole screen. In either case, the screen has to be replaced. This may be annoying, but at least the windscreen has done one of its most important jobs: to prevent the stone from penetrating the screen and injuring the people inside.

Professing feminism: cautionary tales from the strange world of women's studies

In this illiberal education of feminism, two feminist academics speak out, showing how political correctness has turned academic feminism into a parody of itself. They assert that official feminism has become irrelevant to or misunderstood by people inside and outside of academic circles, playing into the hands of right-wing critics and creating a gender cult dedicated solely to furthering its own interests. The authors call for feminism to abandon its intolerant and self-destructive modes and explore how to regain the positive vision that attracted so many women in the first place.