People In Ukraine Research Articles

Bibliometric analysis of scientific literature on the use of suppositories in the treatment of prostate cancer patients

Nowadays, cancer remains one of the main causes of death worldwide. Statistical data from various literary sources indicate that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organs of the human body and, over time, the entire organism. In 2024, the agency of the World Health Organization on cancer and the International Agency of Cancer Research published the latest statistical estimates of this pathology in a global format, where prostate cancer is among the five most common oncological pathologies and takes the fourth place. Oncological diseases are one of the priority areas of healthcare development in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 1832 dated 07.10.2022 “On Approval of Priority Areas of Healthcare Development for 2023–2025”. It was this fact that determined the choice of the direction of this research in the matter of finding information on the provision of pharmaceutical care, namely the use of a drug – a rectal suppository for the treatment of prostate cancer. The aim of the work is to carry out a bibliometric analysis and further generalize the data of the scientific literature to study the prognostic value and features of the prescription of suppositories in the treatment of prostate cancer. Materials and methods. The data search was conducted in the PubMed electronic database using the following key terms: “prostate cancer and suppositories”, “prostate cancer”. To monitor and analyze international scientific research, with the help of visualization tools and modern SciVal citation metrics using the online platform, bibliometric analysis can be performed. Using the VOSviewer functional program, bibliometric networks were constructed and visualized. Results. A map of the relationships between the most used keywords on the topics of “prostate cancer” and “prostate cancer and suppositories”, grouped into clusters for the period from 1986 to 2024, was built. The clustering of the most used keywords on the subject of “prostate cancer” for the specified period is summarized. According to the bibliographic analysis, interest in the above topic was highest in 2014 and 2021. Conclusions. According to the bibliographic analysis, the interest in the subject of the patients’ treatment with prostate cancer disease continues to grow from 1998 up to the present. The analysis of publication activity using the visualization tool of bibliometric networks VOSviewer for the period from 2014 to 2024 for the key words “prostate cancer” has shown the presence of 14 clusters. The largest cluster is devoted to modern methods of prostate cancer treatment, studies of gene rearrangement, target therapy, carcinogenesis.

ACUTE TOXICITY OF 5-((5-BROMOFURAN-2-YL)-4-METHYL-3-THIOHEPTYL)-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE

Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine are diagnosed with cancer every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90% of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Heterocyclic compounds are the most common among organic substances. All of them are of natural or synthetic origin and play an extremely important role in human life. A scientifically proven fact today is the high biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, they are also used as plasticizers for plastics, anti-corrosion agents, additives to various types of fuels, plant protection agents, etc. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are well known as biologically active compounds, some of them are active substances of medicines. Scientists in many countries of the world are studying the properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives. The spectrum of pharmacological activity of 1,2,4-triazoles is wide enough, which allows scientists to choose different directions of research tests. It is also known that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are low-toxic or practically non-toxic compounds. Studying the toxicity of biologically active molecules is a primary task on the way to their introduction into practical medicine. It was previously established that 5-((5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptyl)-1,2,4-triazole has anticancer activity, acting selectively and purposefully on cancer cells. Therefore, it was necessary to investigate the acute toxicity of 5-((5-bromofuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptyl)-1,2,4-triazole by the method of experimental research and using computer technologies. Materials and methods. To achieve this aim, we used both classical and modern methods. Timely well-known methods for computer prediction of acute toxicity GUSAR (Germany), ProTox 3.0 (Germany), TEST (USA) and pkCSM (Australia). To obtain more reliable results, we also used the V. B. Prozorovsky express method in vivo on white nonlinear rats. Results. The data obtained for predicting acute toxicity using all four computer services have similar values. It should also be noted that the experimental results correspond to the obtained non-experimental data. Therefore, the compound 5-((5-bromfuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptil)-1,2,4-triazole can be attributed to the fourth class of toxicity according to the classification of K. K. Sydorov. Conclusions. According to generalized data, the compound 5-((5-bromfuran-2-yl)-4-methyl-3-thioheptil)-1,2,4-triazole has an LD50 value of 1245 mg/kg and is a low-toxic substance.

Ukraine’s water security under pressure: Climate change and wartime

Ukraine’s water resources depend on external water flow and are unevenly distributed across the country. Water security in Ukraine is threatened by climate-related risks, including droughts and floods, resulting in substantial economic losses. But the greatest risks to water security are posed by military operations. Russia’s occupation of the southeastern part of the territory of Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, along with the start of a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, further worsened the state of Ukraine’s water resources. The destruction of the Kakhovka reservoir deprived Ukraine of 10% of its water resources, which were used to support the agricultural and industrial South of Ukraine. It has caused a loss of access to quality drinking water for 6 million people in Ukraine and more that 13 million people have a limited access to water for satisfying sanitary and hygienic needs. The continuation of the war will have multiple negative sustainability implications not only in Ukraine but also on a global scale, hampering the achievement of clean water and sanitation, conservation and sustainable use of water resources and energy, and food security.

Container settlements for internally displaced people in Ukraine built in 2015 and 2022 – architectural characteristics

Container settlements for internally displaced people in Ukraine built in 2015 and 2022 – architectural characteristics

AUDIT OF INFECTION CONTROL EFFECTIVENESS AND ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ADMINISTRATION IN UKRAINE: A PROSPECTIVE FOLLOW-UP

Indicators of antibiotic resistance in the world and in Ukraine are steadily increasing. As of 2021, there is a national standard in Ukraine that recognizes the deescalation of antibiotic therapy, but the war in Ukraine has significantly disrupted the supply of essential services. War-related infections and antimicrobial resistance are seriously affecting the health of people in Ukraine and beyond, forming a great reservoir of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections Aims: monitor the effectiveness of infection control and antibiotic administration in the Public Health Department of Ukraine. Methods: Based on the Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of the PDO National Medical University named after O.O. Bogomolets, a prospective observational study was carried out - an anonymous audit of doctors, anesthesiologists and doctors of other specialties who work at the Public Health Service of Ukraine from the beginning of 2024. The investigation was carried out on the online platform Google-form. After the completion of the tracking period, all completed data was transferred to an Excel table and analyzed using additional descriptive statistics for parametric data. Results: The results of 214 participants from different regions of Ukraine were collected. Half of the respondents reported that the department of infection control functions effectively - 105 (49.2 %), formally important - 85 (39.9 %), and does not function in 3 (1.5 %) Cefazolin as the first choice AB (57.7 %), using of Ceftriaxone (18.6 %) or Cefuroxime (7.9 %) as the 1st line of AB prophylaxis. About not using the protocol tell for us the choice of AB 2-line AB prevention and treatment of Gram+ and Gram-infection. The most common resistant pathogens in the Ukrainian health care sector were: Klebsiella pneumonia 140 (65.4 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 99 (46.3 %) species. Most respondents also reported the expansion of three courses of AB therapy: 7-10 days in 97 (45.5 %) and 10 days and more – 85 (39.9 %) types. Conclusion: most health protection regulations in Ukraine today include the creation of infection control and approval of local documents (new clinical protocols, patient routes) from infection control and administration Instruction of AB. However, wider problems are avoided without the continuation of specific protocols, the use of AB group reserve for AB prophylaxis, the choice of non-optimal empirical AB therapy, the wider acceptance of combination therapy without indications, trivial courses therapy and type of de-escalation.

In a Stranger’s House: Social Isolation of Internally Displaced People in Ukraine During Wartime

Abstract This article explores the impact of internal displacement during wartime in Ukraine on individuals’ social isolation. This study focused on understanding and comparing feelings of isolation in two different contexts: the native community in territories temporarily occupied by Russian troops since the full-scale war and the host community. The research reveals a consistent pattern of isolation characterized by feelings of loneliness, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion among internally displaced people (IDPs), irrespective of their location. Cultural disconnection emerges as a significant factor in both settings, with war-induced changes in social norms and practices leading to a sense of alienation in native communities, and the challenge of adapting to new cultural environments in host communities. Furthermore, it highlights IDPs’ increased vulnerability to bias, stigma, and anxiety in social interactions. Overall, this qualitative study advances the understanding of the effects of displacement on social isolation and provides insights that can inform effective recovery strategies and foster a resilient, cohesive national identity in post-war contexts in Ukraine.

ANALYSIS OF THE NUMBER OF DEATHS DUE TO POISONING BY THE MOST COMMON POISONOUS SUBSTANCES IN THE LVIV REGION IN 2018-2023

Drunkenness is an acute social and cultural problem in Ukraine. Alcoholic poisoning occupies a leading position among household poisonings. Alcohol is the cause of more than 60% of all fatal poisonings. Each year, more than 40,000 people in Ukraine die from alcohol poisoning. Carbon monoxide poisoning also occupies a leading position, the statistics are very sad, adults die, children die. Poisoning with narcotics and psychotropic substances is a very urgent medical and social problem, which is far from being solved today. Aim of the work. To analyse the mortality rate due to poisoning by the most common types of poisons by age and sex of the deceased in Lviv and the region for the period 2018-2023. Materials and methods. In the work, a statistical analysis of expert conclusions from the archive of the Lviv Regional Bureau of Forensic Medicine for the period 2018-2023 was conducted. Results. The article provides quantitative indicators of cases of fatal poisoning, their prevalence trends, identifies the most common poisonous substances, and analyses mortality rates by age and sex. Conclusions. There is a downward trend in the total number of deaths due to poisoning. In 2023, the number of poisoning deaths will be almost halved compared to 2018. The most common poison is ethyl alcohol, 60% of people from the total number of poisonings, the second place in terms of number of deaths was carbon monoxide poisoning 21.5%, the third place was poisoning by narcotic substances 5.1%. Mortality due to poisoning in men is more than 5 times higher than in women, and men in their 40s and 50s die most often.

Виявлення мотивації людей похилого віку до занять різними видами рухової активності

Physical activity has a very important impact on the well-being and health of older people. Regular physical exercise improves quality of life, reduces the risk of various diseases and slows down the aging process. The article is devoted to the motivation of older people to engage in physical activity. The purposeof the study is to determine the motivation for engaging in various types of physical activity among elderly people in Ukraine and Poland. Methods. The study used theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical, sociological research methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted at the Institute of Sports and Physical Culture of the University of Economics in Bydgoszcz (Poland) and the Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture (Ukraine). The experiment involved 120 (30 men and 30 women from Ukraine and Poland) elderly people (average age 66.12 ± 2.98 years). Results. As a result of the analysis of a survey of older people, the advantages in choosing various types of physical activity for men and women living in Poland and Ukraine were revealed. In the course of studying the motivation for physical activity among older people, it was revealed that the main motives are improving health, communicating with friends and maintaining physical fitness. Conclusions. It has been established that in Poland the most common types of physical activity among older people are swimming, Nordic walking, health tourism and cycling; in Ukraine, preference is given to the same types of physical activity other than cycling, which is due to the insufficiently developed infrastructure and technical support in Ukraine. The motives for engaging in physical activity among older people have been determined. Thus, the priorities turned out to be health-improving, recreational, communicative and preventive.

THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN SOCIALISATION AND WELL-BEING: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS

The article undertakes a theoretical analysis of mass media as a means of mass communication, which is a vital factor in the socialisation and well-being of humanity. The article aims to conduct a theoretical analysis of the role of mass media as a crucial factor in socialisation and well-being, to identify its impact on the human psyche, mass consciousness, and behaviour. The article also aims to assess the level of media literacy in Ukraine, investigate both the positive and negative aspects of the influence of mass media on mental health and emphasise the importance of psychosocial support through mass media in crisis situations. The study uses theoretical methods (content analysis, comparative analysis, generalisation, and systematisation) as well as an analysis of empirical data on the level of media literacy in Ukrainian society. It has been found that communication in the internet space should be aimed at immersing individuals in the media environment and oriented towards self-realisation and consumption tools. It has been noted that mass media exert a certain influence on the human psyche, mass consciousness, behaviour, and thoughts, which affects the process of socialisation. The conducted analysis of scientific research showed that the media literacy level among people in Ukraine is increasing. In Ukraine’s information space, electronic means of information transmission dominate. At the same time, it has been emphasised that information can control individuals, affect their psyche, and stimulate their thinking, actions, and deeds. It has been asserted that the process of information transmission is purposeful. It is determined that mass communication is not limited to specific videos or texts as tools of information transmission. It has been found that personal development is an uninterrupted process and continues even in complex and extreme conditions that exist in Ukraine now. It has been established that the crisis is a source of a person’s development. It has been shown that mass media is a useful tool for psychosocial support. One of the most important approaches to psychosocial aid via mass media is the dissemination of helpful information and skills that can help people with various mental states, problems, etc. It has been emphasised that mass media can provide information about professional aid, the availability of useful resources to support mental health, and whatever. It has been found that mass media cannot replace professional psychotherapy or counselling, especially in severe cases. It has been highlighted that mass media can have both positive and negative effects on mental health, particularly causing stress, anxiety, and depression. It also has been noted that mass media have a greater impact on the psyche of teenagers than adults. It has been claimed that the positive impact of mass media includes their ability to effectively and diversely disseminate information, increase the level of users’ education, provide new forms of entertainment and facilitate relaxation, as well as ease communication and establish new communicative connections. On the other hand, mass media can manipulate the psyche and public opinion, and spread fake news and disinformation, leading to a destructive impact on the psyche and developing dependence on them. It has been concluded that media have a significant influence on society, especially on children and youth, hence media literacy becomes essential for effective interaction with mass media and adequate behaviour in the information environment. In the modern world, where media play a crucial role in society and social issues, media literacy becomes an important competence for professionals in the field of psychosocial work. This professionally important quality encompasses understanding media systems, critical thinking, the ability to analyse social problems, readiness to communicate with media, and self- assertion in the media space.

LEARNING GERMAN BASED ON TEXTS

The focus of the paper is text analysis at this point in text linguistics’ evolution. It clarifies the views of both foreign and domestic linguists on how to define the term “text” and examines the research methods used in this area of study. Modern linguistics needs new principles and methods of text formation that are based on corpus linguistics. The study of language and speech is also impossible without the anthropocentric and speech principle, which is formed in perspective: man and language. In this regard, his role in the text is of great importance. In the paper, special emphasis is placed on teaching German as a “foreign” language using the text as a higher-level communicative unit, an informative code that is addressed from the subject to the object. The text should contain cognitive material, have educational opportunities, be comprehensible, arouse interest and have feedback from the learners. Of course, the perception of the text depends on many aspects: the lexical and grammatical base of the students, their general knowledge, experience, etc. While working with the text, you should not only pay attention to phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, etc., but also to the subject matter of the texts, which should be interesting to students. We believe that it is very effective to use newspaper texts related to education, life of young people in Ukraine and abroad, hobbies, sports, medicine, political and economic issues, etc. Approaching the study and description of the language in action is essential for interacting with the text (be it artistic, journalistic, scientific, etc.). This is an excellent chance for students to discover and apply the knowledge they have learned.

Anticancer properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (literature review)

Cancer is still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Statistical data show that more than 130,000 people in Ukraine receive this diagnosis as a sentence every year. Cancer can affect any organ and eventually the whole body. In most cases, cancer is a tumor affecting epithelial, mucous, muscle, fat, and bone tissues. Also, processes related to malignant formations can occur in the blood and lymph. The main mechanism that triggers the process of formation of neoplasms is a violation of growth and, accordingly, cell division. They begin to grow uncontrollably, multiply, and can also migrate, spreading to nearby tissue structures, and later degenerate into atypical (malignant) ones. Cancer is one of the most life-threatening diseases. Literature data show that more than 90 % of cancer patients die due to chronic metastases. Cancer therapy involves the use of drugs that block the growth and spread of cancer cells by affecting certain molecular structures involved in the growth, progression, and spread of cancer. The diversity of the use of means for cancer therapy, namely, hormone therapy, the use of angiogenesis inhibitors and apoptosis inducers, has provided scientists with various options for finding effective means to fight this disease. Aim. The aim of the work is the analysis and systematization of new data on the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and the selection of the most promising directions for further scientific research based on the results of the analysis. Materials and methods. The study employed various methods, including analysis, information search, bibliosemantic analysis, descriptive techniques, and generalization. Research materials primarily comprised literary sources containing information on the promising array of new biologically active compounds, particularly 1,2,4-triazole derivatives, known for their targeted anticancer properties. Results. A literature search was carried out, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives with antitumor activity were analysed, characterized and summarized. Based on the study of available information and conducting an information and patent search, it was established that the market of Ukraine is insufficiently saturated with 1,2,4-triazole-containing drugs with anticancer activity of domestic production. It was determined that the development of new effective drugs based on 1,2,4-triazole and potential drugs with clearly directed anticancer activity requires a systematic approach both in conducting synthetic tests and screening new compounds for further structural optimization of molecules. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature in recent years devoted to the study of the anticancer activity of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives convincingly proves the prospect of further research in this direction. Numerous publications indicate the possibility of constant improvement of molecules with regard to the presence of anticancer activity. Domestic and foreign authors have clearly and argumentatively proven the perspective of the scientific direction for the creation of new original drugs to combat various oncopathologies.

Problems of forming new types of territorial social service centres

This article presents an analysis of the different forms of social service centres in Ukraine, ranging from permanent residence to community-based institutions. The publication aims to analyze the existing typology of social architecture in Ukraine, determine its relationship with legislation, and suggest new ways for its development. It delves into the analysis of territorial centres for social services, considering the regulatory documents governing social buildings and their role in the country's infrastructure. At the same time, the paper highlights the discrepancies between the regulations governing the provision of social services and architectural considerations, which leads to problems in the design and implementation of such facilities. The article emphasizes the importance of creating facilities adapted to the specific needs of older people and proposes a broader typology that includes private ownership models. Different types of social centres that have residential, hotel, medical, public and cultural and entertainment vectors, which can be combined in one institution depending on the needs of the local community, are also highlighted in the article. The author emphasizes the importance of creating unique spaces that take into account the needs and interests of older people and promote active and quality life at different levels. Despite cultural, social and financial factors, most of older people have the same needs for housing, healthcare and leisure. The study also looks at innovative forms of social centres, such as residential communities, where older people are actively involved in creating alternative living arrangements that provide mutual support. In general, the author insists on the need to harmonize architectural design with social welfare policy to meet the diverse needs of older people in Ukraine.

Вплив стресофакторів на стан організму людини та органів і тканин порожнини рота (огляд літератури)

Abstracts. In today’s environment, every citizen of Ukraine is exposed to varying degrees of psycho-emotional and physical stress. It is impossible to underestimate the negative impact of stressors on the tissues and organs of the oral cavity in particular, as quite often the first signs of general pathologies appear in this complex. The aim of the study is to analyse data from scientific literature sources and provide updated information on the impact of psycho-emotional stress on the development of periodontal diseases in the current conditions. Materials and Methods. The bibliosemantic method was used to clarify the state of the problem, to study the analysis of the results of previous scientific research based on the sources of literature and electronic resources. Research results and discussion. The current conditions dictated by the war on the territory of our country is cause a state of permanent stress among the population of Ukraine, which is related to the basic human instinct of survival. In general, a person can be affected by one or more groups of objective causes of stress. The citizens of Ukraine are experiencing severe stress as a result of the ongoing conflict. This includes combatants, relatives and friends of these combatants, civilians living in the area close to the hostilities, the wounded, medical workers, and internally displaced persons. The stress factor provokes the emergence and rapid development of new mental and somatic diseases, it leads to the progression of existing diseases, but the reaction to the stimulus is different for each person and is an individual manifestation. The state of the oral cavity is a very sensitive complex to any changes in the body’s homeostasis, and often the first signs of general pathologies appear in it. Among the significant risk factors that contribute to the development and aggravate the course of periodontal disease, stress is one of the most important. Long-term exposure to stress can suppress the acquired immune response, causing an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Experimental studies in rat glands have demonstrated that acute stress induces dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the gland, resulting in a reduction in its protein synthesis function. Psychological stress can contribute to disruption of the usual lifestyle, which adversely affects hygiene. Conclusions. After analysing scientific research data and reports on the current state of psycho-somatic health of people in Ukraine in modern realities, it is obvious that the prevalence and intensity of periodontal tissue diseases may have a new negative development. The peculiarities of the development, prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in people experiencing severe psycho-emotional and sometimes physical stress require additional study and analysis. Key words: psycho-emotional stress, stress factor, periodontium, oral cavity

"We need to talk about it, test it, prevent it, and that is our job": qualitative report on the awareness of primary care physicians regarding HIV in Ukraine.

Approximately 240,000 people in Ukraine are living with HIV. Recent changes in medical legislation have significantly strengthened the role of family doctors and primary care pediatricians in the prevention, early detection and follow-up of patients with HIV. Thus, the purpose of the study was to examine the experience of primary care physicians in testing and providing care to patients with HIV. Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews with typical representatives of the target audience from different regions of Ukraine were conducted. Inductive thematic content analysis was used to analyze the data upon standardized research protocols using the Theoretical Domain System. The results identify knowledge, skills, motivation, barriers, and opportunities in the context of HIV testing among family doctors in Ukraine. Primary health care providers consider HIV testing of patients to be an important part of their professional activities. In most cases, HIV testing is initiated upon detection of clinical indicators or when a person is identified as a key population. Preventive testing at the request of the patient is less common. Although most family doctors believe that they are sufficiently informed to conduct testing, there is a certain knowledge gap regarding communication with the patient and further treatment in case of a positive HIV result. The main obstacle to regular HIV testing is the reluctance and resistance of patients, as well as in some cases insufficient or non-existent tests in primary health care facilities. In order to improve the situation with HIV testing among the population, family doctors believe that it is necessary to organize regular trainings and courses to improve the skills of doctors on HIV, provide primary health care facilities with sufficient tests and establish high-quality information support. The obtained results clearly outline the main problems that concern family doctors in Ukraine regarding work with key vulnerable groups and persons living with HIV.

ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ

The article studies the potential and prospects of development of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, taking into account the conditions and consequences of the martial law. It is established that the war has caused a number of crisis phenomena in the Ukrainian economy, negatively affecting the state of the Ukrainian agricultural sector and its export capacity. In 2022, Ukrainian agricultural exports in dollar terms decreased by 16% compared to 2021, and by another 7% in 2023. The war has caused changes in the regional structure of Ukrainian exports. The reason for these changes was the blockade of Black Sea ports and the need to establish alternative shipment routes. Logistics costs have increased by an average of 5 times, while prices for agricultural products in the domestic market have fallen. In addition, the agricultural sector is significantly affected by labour shortages. In 2024, compared to 2021, the number of working-age people in Ukraine decreased by 40% due to extremely complex demographic processes. However, Ukraine's agricultural sector has significant potential for development due to: favourable natural and climatic conditions and fertile soils; favourable geographical location and proximity to major markets; availability of skilled labour and scientific and technical potential; and opportunities for innovation and digitalisation in agriculture. The main promising areas for developing the potential of Ukraine's agricultural sector: 1. Diversification of production – expanding the range of crops and products, including organic and high value-added products. 2. Implementation of innovations and digitalisation – application of the latest technologies, precision farming, and robotics to improve production efficiency. 3. Development of agricultural infrastructure - modernisation of elevators, warehouses, and logistics for storage and transportation of products. 4. Government support and regulation – preferential taxation, access to finance, investment incentives, and the fight against corruption. 5. Greening and sustainable development – implementation of environmentally friendly technologies, rational land use, environmental protection.

INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 AND VACCINATION AGAINST SARS-COV-2 ON THE COURSE OF ONCOHEMATOLOGICAL DISEASES. PART I. GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SARS-COV-2 VARIANTS UPON THE THREE WAVES OF THE PANDEMIC IN UKRAINE

Summary. In Ukraine, COVID-19 was first diagnosed on March 3, 2020 in Chernivtsi. As of April 13, 2024, there are 5,557,995 infected people in Ukraine, of which approximately 2% have died. Currently, COVID-19 has received the status of a seasonal disease, similar to the flu. The largest waves of the epidemic were caused by strains of SRAS-CoV-2 Alpha (first registered in Great Britain), Delta (first registered in India) and Omicron (first registered in South Africa). Currently, the issues of management of oncological patients with COVID-19, the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the course of the disease, the need for vaccination to prevent COVID-19 against the background of oncological diseases, etc., remain unresolved. Moreover, the risk of fatal consequences in hematological oncology patients increases almost twice in case of concomitant coronavirus infection. It should be noted that today there are no markers (factors) that would allow us to determine clear recommendations for the continuation or postponement of chemotherapy against the background of COVID-19, especially in the presence of oncohematological diseases. Undoubtedly, such studies should be conducted in order to improve the overall survival and quality of life of patients with malignant neoplasms.

MOLECULAR GENETIC STATUS OF PIGS OF UKRAINIAN BREEDS SUITABLE FOR USE IN XENOTRANPLANTATION

Thousands of people in Ukraine and the world need organ transplants. However, the main obstacle to the wider use of transplantation remains the shortage of donor organs and tissues. To prevent human infection with viruses during organ transplantation, pigs are carefully screened for PERV retroviruses and animals with low expression levels of PERV-A and PERV-C are selected. The article is devoted to the discussion of the results of research on the frequency of retrovirus PERV types A and C in populations of Ukrainian pig breeds. The research was carried out on samples of pigs of the following breeds: Mirgorod, Great White, Poltava meat, Ukrainian meat, Ukrainian Steppe Ryaba, Landras, Pietren, Vietnamese Vyslobryukha, Vietnamese Meishan, and wild pig. Biomaterial samples (venous blood, bristles with hair bulbs) were collected for molecular genetic analysis. Isolation of genomic DNA from the samples was carried out by the salt method and using the Chelex-100 ion exchange resin. Genotyping was performed by the method of allele-specific (PCR-SSP) multiplex polymerase chain reaction using primers complementary to regions of the PERV-C, PERV-A gene loci. A fragment of the domestic pig alpha-actin locus (α-Actin) was used as an internal PCR control. Amplification was carried out in a thermal cycler "Tertsik-2" ("DNA-technology", RF). Electrophoretic separation of amplified DNA sections in multiplex PCR format was performed in a 2% agarose gel in a tris-borate electrophoresis buffer. It was established that among the studied groups of pigs, the highest concentration of retrovirus PEVR-C was found in animals of the breeds Vietnamese Vyslobrukha (100%), Poltava meat (75%), Ukrainian steppe spotted (55%), large white (50%), landrace (50%). The largest share of PEVR-A retrovirus carrier animals is characterized by the breeds of Vietnamese Vyslobrukha (100%), Poltava meat 95%), Pietren (80%) and Ukrainian meat (73%). The largest number of individuals free from PERV-A and PERV-C retroviruses were found in experimental groups of breeds of Ukrainian steppe spotted (75 and 45%, respectively), Myrhorod (32 and 75%, respectively), landrace (75 and 50%, respectively) and wild pig. Pigs these breeds can become promising organ donors for xenotransplantation.

Theological perspectives for post-war Christianity in Ukraine. "Тheology after Bucha"

The town of Bucha became a collective symbol of the modern genocide of Ukrainian people, because it was there where the scale of all the crimes committed against Ukrainians was revealed during the liberation of Kyiv Oblast from the Russian occupiers in March-April 2022. It was Bucha that gave many people in Ukraine the reason to debate if there is God at all. Today, Ukrainian churches began to consider the possibility of "theology after Bucha", asking practically the same questions that Christians and Jews were concerned with after World War II. As then the main question was "Where was God at Auschwitz?" Now the question is where Biblical God was during Bucha genocide, and in a broader context, where God is with the love and mercy in Ukraine after February 24, 2022. The article is nearly the first scientific research of Christianity in Ukrainian academic religious studies during the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war. The author examines the conditions for the foundation of a new theological system in the realm of Ukrainian Christianity after the victory over rushism, following the example of the theology after the Holocaust/Shoa in Western Christianity after WWII. The article analyses a number of caveats that, if not addressed today, could make the constructive development of the abovementioned theology impossible. The author predicts possible parallels between "theology after Auschwitz" and the future "theology after Bucha". In fact, “theology after Auschwitz" did not radically affect Western, primarily European Christianity after 1945 because it did not provide unambiguous answers to a range of urgent essential questions related to the existence of a believer in the world recovering from the great war. So, with a considerable degree of probability (already evident from the remarks of individual representatives of different religious denominations) there is concern that "theology after Bucha" may fail practically at its beginnings, becoming a "pure theory", having no chances to be applied at the all-Christian level. It is partially clear today that an attempt would be made to launch "theology after Bucha" exactly along the ideological tracks of "theology after Auschwitz", that is, to direct it exclusively to the search for the arguments shifting the burden of responsibility for "Bucha" from God and thereby possibly save Christianity from the ideological crisis it has been in Ukraine after February 24, 2022. The author concludes that if "theology after Bucha" really begins to move along the similar ideological fairway like "theology after Auschwitz", the post-war Christianity in Ukraine will face a disappointing perspective to lose social relevance and, as a result, will be radically reduced to ritualism.

Залучення молоді до формування та реалізації молодіжної політики на місцевому рівні в умовах війни

The general formulation of the issue and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks. Youth policy is very important for any country because young people are the main resource for the future development of the state. Ukraine is no exception, and youth policy presents great importance from the scientific perspective. If the authorities fail to develop a plan of support for young people in Ukraine, we risk becoming a country of people with disabilities and the elderly, which in turn will lead to the collapse of the social sphere, the bankruptcy of the Pension Fund of Ukraine and the financial crisis. For this particular reason, the consideration of the chosen topic is relevant from the perspective of state administration and implementation of youth policy. The analysis of the recent publications on the issues covered in the article; identification of the parts of the general problem that have not been previously addressed. Since the early days of Ukrainian independence, many public figures, opinion leaders, scientists and practitioners have argued that the youth in Ukraine is a significant social group that impacts the development of the country. Youth need support and development to ensure social, economic and political progress of the country. However, there is still not enough research on the development and implementation of the youth policy in Ukraine during the war, which, unfortunately, has been going on for almost two years. The purpose (the objective) of this article is to theoretically justify the need to involve youth in the formation and implementation of youth policy at the local level in the conditions of war. The key results and background. A complex solution to acute and painful issues in the field of the youth is possible if we’re able to: systematically involve young people in making management decisions at local, regional and state levels; improve the mechanisms of cooperation between the public authorities and institutions of the civil society; lay down funds for the implementation of the necessary volume of financing of targeted youth programs in the budget documents of all levels; create working places for young people; initiate assistance programs for young families (solution of housing issues); adapt educational programs to the requirements of the modern labor market; develop a system of monitoring and testing of the effectiveness of state and local target programs with the involvement of the public in this process with a flexible mechanism of introducing changes and additions; systematically study the needs of young people, taking into account the peculiarities of the regions of Ukraine and the age of the target groups (in Ukraine, people from the age of 14 till the age of 35 are considered young); efficiently inform young people about the opportunities available to them. There are many successful practices at different levels, in particular in the Ivano- Frankivsk municipal territorial community, which should be exchanged and borrowed for more successful experience. Conclusions and prospects of further research. The article describes the role of youth policy in the development of the country and its economic and social stability during the war, as well as suggests ways to solve acute and painful issues in the sphere of the youth. The analysis of scientific literature, normative legal acts and expert developments of the relevant Ministry demonstrates positive dynamics, in particular, during the war financial and expert support from the governments of other countries and international non-governmental organizations is attracted. However, currently available materials still demand a lot of refinement. The existing system of involving young people in public administration is focused on narrow circles of young representatives who have already proven their active position and potential for the state, for example, consultative and advisory bodies of various levels – public councils, youth advisors; contests for youth public organizations, etc. The issue of youth migration and its retention in Ukraine, creation of competitive conditions on the labor market and comfortable community infrastructure, including for internally displaced persons and students, who now have the opportunity to get education in other countries of the world, still remains open. It is also worth remembering the need to find the most effective methods of communication with all subjects of youth policy and with the youth themselves. Further development of this direction should consist in studying and analyzing the prerequisites that influence the formation of a quality youth policy in the country, studying the successful experience and best practices of other countries, especially those that have survived military operations, as well as bringing topical issues of the youth sphere into the public space with the aim of involving a wide range of people in their discussion and resolution.

Літні особи в Україні під час війни: становище, потреби, приклади стійкості

The paper investigates the Ukrainian older adults’ social, economic, and humanitarian circumstances in the context of the russian war against Ukraine. It mainly analyses the challenges and needs of the elderly residing in regions affected by active hostilities, those who have experienced occupation, and internally displaced older persons. The main problems for older people in the areas of active hostilities and those who have been in the occupied territories are loss and (or) damage of housing; difficulties in evacuating, especially lonely people and those who lost social (family) support; destruction of institutions for the elderly and disabled as well as medical infrastructure; increased poverty and limited access to basic food, hygiene, and medicine, poor health; vulnerability to war crimes by the occupiers. For internally displaced older persons, the following problems are determined: the shortage of housing in slightly safer regions; limited financial opportunities for rental housing and meeting other basic needs (food, medicine, etc.); significant deterioration of health conditions forced by the physical and psychological trauma experienced and displacement during the war; living in temporary shelters with an increased risk of being placed in institutions for the elderly. There are some of the most urgent needs of older people in Ukraine in the context of war: various medicines and hygiene products; food and its delivery to the affected regions; transporting older people, including transferring them to the bomb shelters; increased need for medical care, psychological and social rehabilitation; help with home care and household chores. The paper underlines the resilience of older adults to the hardships they face, their high level of self-organisation and mutual assistance during russia’s war against Ukraine.