Quarantine Of People Research Articles

The Effect of Anxiety and Social Support on Adolescents in the Era of COVID-19

<i>Introduction</i>: At the end of 2019, an acute infectious disease appeared, which first started in Wuhan, China. The risk of increased contagion and anxiety caused by it decreased the quality of life among adolescents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social support on the mental health of adolescents in the era of COVID-19. <i>Methodology</i>: This review was conducted by searching websites such as Scholar, SID, Magiran from 2019 to 2023. <i>Results</i>: Corona virus is a public health emergency and pneumonia caused by corona is a highly contagious and infectious disease. The most common initial manifestations are fever, cough, fatigue and myalgia. The WHO has announced that due to the prevalence of this disease among teenagers, the increase in deaths and quarantine of people can cause anxiety, which can be reduced with social support. According to the definition of social support, it means feeling of belonging, acceptance, love and affection. And it creates a safe relationship for every teenager. <i>Conclusion</i>: The evidence has shown that social support is one of the components that can directly and indirectly improve the mental health of adolescents, and reduce the negative effects caused by virus anxiety.

Maintaining the health of people with and without COVID-19 during isolation: a case study.

This case study evaluated the effects of a health package (HP) of a light intensity individualised exercise program and advice on anxiety management and nutrition, on the physical and mental health of people with or without COVID-19, who were quarantined in hotels used as Special Health Accommodation and admitted to the Royal Prince Alfred Virtual Hospital, Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic. After initial screening and consenting, participants completed three surveys: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; Brief Fatigue Inventory; and the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Levels, and were provided with the HP for the duration of their quarantine. The three surveys and a participant reported experience measure were completed prior to discharge. The HP for people in quarantine demonstrated stability of health outcomes and reduction in fatigue. Most participants reported that the HP helped them cope with isolation. Provision of a HP during quarantine could be useful to support physical and mental health.

Quality of Life of People in Quarantine and Isolation Centers

Objective: To assess the quality of life of people in quarantine and isolation centres in the Rawalpindi Cantonment area.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Isolation Centre of Pak Emirates Military Hospital and Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine Rawalpindi Pakistan and various Quarantine Centres in the Rawalpindi Cantonment area, from Aug 2020 to Mar 2021.
 Methodology: A total of 187 individuals were included in the study. All participants were requested to fill out the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) Urdu or English version according to their education level and preference.
 Results: There were 108(57.75%) cases who remained in isolation, and 79(42.25%) cases were from quarantine. Quarantined individuals reported significant reduction not only in total score (p<0.001) but also in all four domains, including physical health (p=0.042), psychological health (p<0.001), environmental health (p<0.001), and social health (p<0.001).
 Conclusion: It is concluded that the quality of life was low for the people included in the study. Further comparison found that the median quality of life of people in quarantine was statistically lower than in isolation centres.

Proceedings in cases of administrative offenses regarding violation of quarantine requirements

Speaking about bodies authorized to bring administrative responsibility for violating quarantine requirements, it is necessary to pay attention to the following: firstly, the system of bodies (officials) authorized to bring administrative responsibility for violating quarantine requirements includes judicial and second extrajudicial (administrative) bodies , the list of which is quite extensive; secondly, in the aspect of bringing to administrative responsibility for violation of quarantine requirements, it is necessary to distinguish between bodies that bring to administrative responsibility and those authorized to draw up protocols on bringing to administrative responsibility. The court occupies a special place in the system of bodies considering the issue of administrative liability for violation of quarantine requirements. This exceptional role is explained by the fact that: firstly, violation of the rules regarding the quarantine of people has increased social harm, which is related to the health of the entire population of Ukraine and, as a result, can contribute to the faster spread of the coronavirus infection; secondly, as we have already defined in clause 1.3. the qualification of this act requires knowledge of a large number of normative legal acts in connection with the blanket nature of the disposition, and therefore the court as a competent body must determine the presence of the composition of an administrative offense; thirdly, the amount of fines provided for by the sanction of Art. 44-3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of Ukraine are essential and can significantly limit the rights of a person. However, determining the role of the courts, in the consideration of cases of administrative offenses regarding the violation of quarantine requirements, it is stated that it is necessary to approach the list of acts considered by the courts more carefully. In our opinion, the presence of persons in public places without documents certifying identity, confirming citizenship or its special status, without a certificate of registration of a homeless person should be brought under the jurisdiction of the National Police and this offense should be transferred to Part 2 of Article 44-3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses. In turn, the transfer of this administrative offense to Part 2 of Art. 44-3 of the Criminal Procedure Code will allow: firstly, to ensure the saving of procedural means; secondly, prompt response, thirdly, it will have a deterrent effect and promote law-abiding behavior. Regulatory and legal provision of the administrative and jurisdictional activity of the National Police of Ukraine regarding bringing to administrative responsibility for violation of quarantine requirements needs revision and improvement. In particular, in our opinion, it is necessary to improve the norms of the Law of Ukraine «On the National Police» dated 02.07.2015 No. 580-VIII, adding to the duties stipulated in Art. 23 paragraph 24-1 «contributes to the provision of quarantine measures in accordance with the law.» This will allow us to determine the competence of the National Police, because during the quarantine period, the police were entrusted with the duty of monitoring compliance with the relevant measures. With regard to other bodies (officials) authorized to consider cases of administrative offenses, the following was noted: 1) it was emphasized the impracticality of assigning health protection authorities to subjects authorized to consider violations of quarantine requirements due to their lack of appropriate competence; 2) the need to make changes to the Code of Administrative Offenses in connection with the liquidation of the state sanitary-epidemiological service was noted; 3) the inexpediency of referring to bodies (officials) authorized to consider the issue of violation of quarantine requirements of local self-government bodies has been confirmed. The administrative procedure for administrative offense cases generally follows the same stages as court proceedings, but is simplified and considered at the place of commission of the administrative offense

Telehealth for Comprehensive Care to Quarantine Residents: A Novel Approach and Lessons Learned.

Proactive engagement and care with regular and timely information are required to manage the health and well-being of people in quarantine. At Australia's Howard Springs International Quarantine Facility, a telehealth model was rapidly established using trained non-clinical Customer Service Officers (CSO's) with the aim to provide comprehensive care to residents, maximize staff safety, and reduce clinical workforce capacity pressures. We describe this model, whereby CSO's provided residents with daily COVID-19 symptom and well-being screening, weekly psychological screening, and ongoing linkage to additional clinical and administrative services. In addition, CSO's went beyond these duties to deliver personalized care through delivery of care packages and attendance of the departure point to farewell residents. From October 2020 to May 2021, across 7105 residents, we estimated that CSO's prevented over 75 000 face-to-face resident visits, which reduced workforce requirements and preserved staff safety through minimizing potential COVID-19 transmission and time spent in personal protective equipment in the challenging ambient environment. We share key lessons learned which may inform future telehealth models and guide a positive experience for quarantine residents.

Shift from black swan to brown swan approach during the COVID pandemic

The pandemic of COVID-19 and the lockdown imposed which took the entire world by storm has not only tested our physical health but also impacted our mental health in ways no one had envisaged! It led to a situation of socioeconomic crisis and mental anguish among the general population. It was indeed a black swan event as the response to the pandemic with worldwide lockdown was highly unpredictable having a colossal impact on the world and its functioning, however, several explanations have now come into view that has made the event explainable and predictable. The outbreak of a novel virus unknown to the medical fraternity and its explosive spread every day, conflicting messages from the government, lack of infrastructure for treatment, the spread of misinformation on media platforms, and an incessant quarantine have led to a sense of fear, apprehension, stress, desolation, weariness, frustration, and depression among the masses. The imposition of lockdown in the nation not only undermined personal freedom but also lead to huge financial losses, unemployment, work, and school closure, uncertainty, boredom, and stigma which had been major stressors leading to widespread emotional affliction and an increased risk of developing psychiatric illness during the time of the pandemic. People who were already suffering from some form of psychiatric disorder had been prone to exacerbations due to the pandemic. Individuals living with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases, frontline workers, unemployed people, and people in quarantine were at a higher risk of developing some form of mental illness such as anxiety, insomnia, and depression. Resilience and good social support are the protective factors against this mental health epidemic that has begun. In this article, we reflect upon the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the mental health of people in India.

Comparison of strategies for daily surveillance of international travellers quarantined in Vanuatu, October-December 2020.

ObjectiveTo prevent importation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to Vanuatu, since March 2020, all travellers to the country have been required to complete a 14-day quarantine in a government-designated facility. A short message service (SMS, or “text message”) system was developed to collect information on symptoms of COVID-19 among travellers in quarantine. A trial within a cohort study was conducted among travellers arriving to Vanuatu by air from 27 October to 7 December 2020 to assess SMS acceptability, efficiency and utility and whether SMS-based health monitoring was as effective as in-person monitoring in identifying people with COVID-19 symptoms.MethodsControl group participants received standard monitoring (daily in-person visits) and participants in the intervention group received a daily SMS text requesting a response coded for symptom development. Differences between the two groups were determined using χ2 tests.ResultsOf the 495 eligible travellers, 423 participated; 170 were allocated to the control group and 253 to the intervention group. At least one return SMS text was received from 50% (107/212) of participants who were confirmed to have received an SMS text. Less than 2% (4/253) of the intervention group and 0% of the control group reported symptoms.DiscussionThe SMS intervention had a high level of acceptability. SMS is a useful tool to monitor symptom development among people in quarantine and for broader public health programmes that require follow up.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia Symptoms in People in Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic.

Objective: To investigate the status and influential factors of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among people in quarantine during COVID-19. Methods: Data was collected from August 2020 to November 2021 through an online survey of 1,360 people in a quarantined hotel. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to assess different mental symptoms. Results: 19.9% (n = 270), 17.6% (n = 239) and 7.1% (n = 97) of participants had depression, anxiety and insomnia. Married (OR = 0.641, 95% CI = 0.450–0.915) was a protective factor for depression. Chronic disease (OR = 2.579, 95% CI = 1.416–4.698) was a risk factor for insomnia. No psychiatric medication history was a protective factor for depression (OR = 0.227, 95% CI = 0.068–0.757) and insomnia (OR = 0.240, 95%CI = 0.078–0.736). Female, history of mental illness, low moods at check-in, and partial/cannot understand the quarantine policies were risk factors for anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Conclusion: People in quarantine had problems with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Female, low moods at check-in, and partial/cannot understand the quarantine policies had significant impacts. It is necessary to help quarantined people understand quarantine policies, reduce negative emotions and improve sleep quality.

Administrative responsibility for violation of rules regarding quarantine of people

The article is devoted to the study of administrative responsibility for violating the rules on quarantine of people in Ukraine. The issue of studying the historical formation of administrative responsibility for violating the rules of quarantine in general, and the quarantine of people in particular is covered. The normative-legal acts regulating relations in the field of protection of the population against infectious diseases and health care on the territory of Ukraine are researched. Special attention is given to Article 44-3 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Violations (CUAV) «Violation of the rules on quarantine of people». The changes that this article has undergone in the content and in the jurisdiction of this category of cases of administrative violation are analyzed. The statistical data and the practice of consideration of cases on bringing persons to administrative responsibility for committing violations under Article 44-3 of the CUAV by courts in modern conditions are considered. It is concluded that the introduction of Article 44-3 of the CUAV contains both positive and negative aspects. Deficiencies in the content of the norm and in the practice of its application are revealed. It is proposed to resolve the issue of: blanketness of the first part of Article 44-3 of the CUAV; compliance of this article with the principle of legal certainty and the principle of conformity of guilt and punishment; humanization of responsibility for violating the rules of quarantine of people. It is also proposed to introduce balanced quarantine rules in combination with sanctions that will comply with them and to make appropriate changes to Article 44-3 of the CUAV «Violation of the rules on quarantine of people».

Entity theory of emotion was associated with more daily negative affect during quarantine: Evidence from a 14-day diary study among healthy young adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, quarantine has been implemented as a physical distancing measure to reduce the risk of transmission. However, no studies have examined the relationship between quarantine and daily affective experiences. Few studies have examined the individual-level factors that may alleviate or strengthen the negative impact of quarantine on daily affective experiences. To this end, we conducted a diary study by comparing the affective experiences of people in quarantine with those of people not subject to quarantine. There were 201 participants in the study. After the pretest collecting responses on demographic information and entity theory of emotion, the participants completed a daily questionnaire measuring their daily positive and negative affect for 14 consecutive days. The results of hierarchical linear modeling showed that the participants in the quarantine condition reported less daily positive affect than those in the social interaction condition. We found that when the participants under quarantine believed more strongly that their emotions could not be changed, they reported a higher level of daily negative affect. These findings demonstrate the role of entity theory of emotion in understanding daily negative affect during quarantine.

COVID-Beat: a low-cost breath monitoring approach for people in quarantine during the pandemic

Abstract Due to COVID-19, people have to adapt to the new lifestyle until scientists develop a permanent solution for this pandemic. Monitoring the respiration rate is very important for a COVID-infected person because the Coronavirus infects the pulmonary system of the person. Two problems that arise while monitoring the breath rate are: sensors are contact based and expensive for mass deployment. A conventional wearable breath rate monitoring system burdens the COVID-affected patient and exposes the caregivers to possible transmission. A contactless low-cost breath monitoring system is required, which monitors and records the breath rate continuously. This paper proposes a breath rate monitoring system called COVID-Beat, a wireless, low-cost, and contactless Wi-Fi-based continuous breath monitoring system. This sensor is developed using off-the-shelf commonly available embedded Internet of Thing device ESP32, and the performance is validated by conducting extensive experimentation. The breath rate is estimated by extracting the channel state information of the subcarriers. The system estimates the breath rate with a maximum accuracy of 99% and a minimum accuracy of 91%, achieved by advanced subcarrier selection and fusion method. The experimental results show superior performance over the existing breath rate monitoring technologies.

IOT Based Smart Wearable Health Monitoring System for Corona Diagnosis

Abstract: Corona virus or COVID-19 has shaken the entire world. According to a survey by WHO, more than 121 countries have been affected by the virus. The death toll keeps on rising in many countries whereas in some they are going down gradually. And among those who have lost their lives to the virus includes healthcare workers too. They are mainly getting infected due to close contact with covid patients. Over here comes the need for proper isolation and proper maintenance of social distancing. Globally strict lockdowns are being practiced and this has helped us to bring down the positivity rate, which points out that the maintenance of proper isolation and quarantine periods are of utmost importance. This is where the project plays its role in fighting the virus by providing remote diagnosis measurements of people in quarantine and thereby minimizing the need for healthcare workers to be in direct contact with patients. This project is a health band with an app named Corona Secure. COVID-19 is associated with particular symptoms: Fever, cough, shortness of breath or other breathing problems, chills, muscle pain, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, Heart rate (above 100 bpm), Oxygen saturation <92% .We will be able to use this device from staying inside our homes and it will track very essential health parameters such as body temperature, heartbeat, and sound sensor. These data will be sent to our cloud servers along, and with this the patient will have to fill up a survey form enquiring about some common symptoms of the coronavirus as per WHO guidelines. This will be continued for a normal quarantine period of 14 days as advised by WHO.

Psychological Burden and Associated Factors of the COVID-19 Pandemic on People in Quarantine and Isolation Centers in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Globally, a lot of countries put into practice early quarantine measures as an essential COVID-19 prevention mechanism. Other than physical effects, quarantine has a major result on mental health and well-being at both the individual as well as the community level at large. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the psychological burden of COVID-19 on the people in quarantine and isolation centers and to identify associated factors for early and effective psychosocial intervention during the pandemic and beyond.Method: A cross-sectional study was done among 392 suspected cases of COVID-19 that were in quarantine and isolation centers found in Eastern Ethiopia in 2020. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method. The common mental disorder was measured by the Self Reporting Questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20). Logistic regression was done to identify predictive factors, and a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The common mental disorder among suspected cases of COVID-19 in Ethiopia was found to be 13.5% (95% CI: 10.2, 17.1%). Female (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.92), known chronic medical illness (AOR = 7.0, 95% CI: 2.2, 21.8), inadequate accessibility of personal protective equipment (AOR = 6.1, 95% CI: 2.8, 13.3), poor awareness about the pandemic (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI: 2.71, 7.54), presence of symptoms of the disease (AOR = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.57, 11.1), and substance use (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.1) were found to be associated with a common mental disorder.Conclusion: The current study revealed that the common mental disorder was relatively high among suspected cases of COVID-19 in quarantine and isolation centers as compared with the general population. The results of the present study demonstrate that some subpopulations are more vulnerable to the pandemic's deleterious effects on mental health. Therefore, providing appropriate psychosocial intervention for the populations at risk is important to decrease the effect of common mental disorders among suspected cases of COVID-19.

Support and Companionship in Virtual Communities: Establishing a COVID-19 Counseling Network for Taiwanese Soldiers and the Collective Healing Phenomenon

Counseling people, particularly those in the military engaged in group living, who are in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge. Therefore, supporting the people in quarantine who are experiencing psychological and interpersonal problems has become a new challenge in military mental health. This study’s primary concern was how to overcome the problems caused by physical quarantine. The study subject was a virtual counseling network and its operating experience during the quarantine period in Taiwan amidst the global COVID-19 pandemic. For soldiers who mainly live in groups, this study discussed how the virtual counseling network combined with the existing military support group to determine what influence the network had on people in quarantine. This study found that this group exhibited four types of experiences: togetherness, empathy, confidence, and belonging and cohesion. Such experiences are beneficial for group healing through mutual support and companionship. Collective cohesion and psychological healing can be achieved through a virtual community. This is worthy of attention, particularly in the pandemic or post-pandemic era. Physical isolation has become a fact of life, and such isolation is not just isolation from disease but also between regional boundaries. Counseling and support systems in virtual space or the operation of virtual teams must be considered for the future.

Quarantine and COVID-19 pandemic: Multidimensional perception of people in quarantine in North Kerala.

Proper hand hygiene, face masks, social distancing, maintaining appropriate social distancing, and quarantine are the major strategies for the prevention of transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. The aim of the study was to determine and asses the knowledge, perceptions, health practices of quarantine and COVID-19 and to determine the psychosocial profile of people in quarantine. A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in quarantined individuals in a rural and urban setting in Malappuram district of Kerala from February 2021 to June 2021 by telephonic interview. Mental health status was assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Only half (49.6%) of the population has satisfactory knowledge about COVID-19 disease. Only 53.9% has satisfactory knowledge on preventive measures and this is significantly more in rural (62.9%) compared to urban (44.4%). Only 45.3% has satisfactory adherence on practice of preventive measures. Also nearly half (44.9%) of the participants were affected by factors such as fear of infection, frustration, inadequate supplies, inadequate communication and financial insecurity. Urban population (53.2%) were more affected compared to rural (37.1%). 31.6% of the participants were having any form of depression with PHQ 9. Pearson's correlation test revealed significant correlations between different factors and outcome variables. Predictors of 'Satisfactory Practice on preventive measures' and 'Any depression' were determined. Only half of the population has satisfactory knowledge and practice on preventive measures. Ensure health intervention programs to improve knowledge and adherence to practices. Strengthening of system to support their needs and psychosocial support should be provided.

Psychological distress and well-being assessment among Indian people during COVID-19 pandemic.

Background:A rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic restricted millions of people in their homes and affected them with anxiety, stress, and psychological distress. This online study was conducted to assess the psychological distress among the Indian population.Method:This is a cross-sectional study, data collected via an online self-reported questionnaire using a snowball sampling technique. COVID-19 psychological stress was measured through the COVID-19 peritraumatic distress index (CPDI). This questionnaire was open-access and adapted from the Shanghai Mental Health Centre. Data were extracted to Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS 23 version. Ordinal logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio for predicting variables.Results:A total of 625 responses were received. The mean age of the respondents was 26.41 years (standard deviation [SD] = 9.35; range = 17–79 years) with 320 (51.2%) males and the majority (68.8%) of the respondents were students. Youth with age group between 21 and 25 years were observed to be having peritraumatic distress 2.42 times more than the other groups (P = 0.001). Females were found to be more nervous and anxious (χ2 = 5.12; P = 0.02), more sluggish reaction due to anxiety (χ2 = 9.46; P = 0.002) as compared to males. Unmarried respondents were observed to be more sluggish due to anxiety (χ2 = 7.2; P = 0.007), felt more tired and exhausted (χ2 = 6.12; P = 0.013) in comparison to married.Conclusion:COVID-19 pandemic crisis significantly affected a major segment of society. The psychological distress level was observed to be high among youth, females, and a group of people in quarantine or isolation.

COVID-19 imported cases and severity: expected information from genomic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 strains in Mozambique.

The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in China in December 2019 and spread worldwide. As of March 6th, 2021, there have been 116,670,105 million confirmed cases globally including 2,592,085 deaths. COVID-19 cases have been reported in 219 countries and territories, creating global panic. Mozambique has witnessed the evolution of COVID-19 epidemic associated with the weakness of health system, mostly in terms of laboratory diagnosis capacity, concerns on compliance to effective public health measures including physical distancing, use of masks in crowded indoor areas, hand hygiene, isolation and quarantine of people. The data included in this study were collected from published articles regarding COVID-19 imported cases and severity in Africa, especially in Mozambique. Additionally, official documents of COVID-19 epidemiology from Minister of Health and National Institute of Health of Mozambique from 22nd of March 2020 to 1st of August 2020 were included. The SARS-CoV-2 strains imported mainly from South Africa and European countries might have been playing an important role on COVID-19 epidemic evolution in Mozambique. These circulating strains in the country, might be similar enough to the strains found in other countries, yet the genomic characterization is needed particularly during the phase of borders reopening through understanding the source of infections and guiding the implementation of containment and mitigation measures in the country.

402. COVID-19 Infection in Nepal: Epidemiological Analysis from April 2020 to March 2021

BackgroundIn December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, China. A global pandemic quickly unfolded, infecting >137 million people and causing >2.9 million deaths globally as of April 13, 2021. Before April 1, 2020, there were only five confirmed COVID-19 cases in Nepal. Like many countries around the world, the COVID-19 situation quickly escalated in Nepal. The purpose of this study was to determine the trends in COVID-19 cases and deaths in Nepal from April 2020 to March 2021.MethodsWe utilized epidemiological data from daily Situation Reports published by the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) of Nepal. Data were extracted or calculated from April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021. Primary variables of interest were national and provincial daily cases, total cases, daily deaths, and total deaths.ResultsBetween April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021, there were 277,304 cases. October 2020 had the highest monthly cases with 92,926 cases. During the one-year study period, the infection rate was 915 cases per 100,000 people. The largest single-day new cases was October 21, 2020 with 5,743 cases, which is calculated to 19 cases per 100,000 people. There were a total of 3,030 deaths. The largest daily new deaths was November 4, 2020 with 43 cases. June 10, 2020 had the highest number of people in quarantine with 172,266 people. October 23, 2020 had the highest number of active cases with 46,329 cases. By March 31, 2021, the percent of mortality was 1.1%, active infection was 0.5%, and recovery was 98.4%.ConclusionNepal had lower COVID-19 infection and case-fatality rates compared to other countries most affected by the pandemic. This was due to several factors, most notably early implementation of strict lockdown measures and closing of international borders on March 24, 2020 after the second confirmed COVID-19 case. As lockdown restrictions were lifted on July 7, 2020, COVID-19 cases and deaths in Nepal rose rapidly. As vaccination begun on January 27, 2021, cases started to slow down until the most recent outbreak coinciding with the second wave in its neighboring country, India. Now, infection and case-fatality rates in Nepal are at an all-time high, prompting further lockdowns on April 29, 2021.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Positive Contribution of Pet Nutrition to the Economy and Humanity during the Pandemic Period

In this study, it is aimed to analyze the positive effects of pets on the market economy and people. The COVID-19 pandemic started with the virus outbreak that emerged in Wuhan City, the capital of Hubei Province of China, on December 1, 2019 [1], and the first case in our country was announced by the Ministry of Health on March 11, 2020. With the rapid spread of the epidemic in the world, closures in countries, travel restrictions, working from home and the introduction of the online education system, the rate of spending more time with pets, known as people's loyal friends, and the rate of adopting new animals have begun to increase. In this process, it has been seen that people are more interested in their animals and they are more sensitive in meeting their needs. It has been observed that they do not hesitate to allocate a significant part of their budgets in many subjects such as animal nutrition and veterinary care services, consumption expenditures such as pad shop products and purchasing new animals have increased, and this market has been dynamic. It is known that having a pet is good for blood pressure, greatly reduces the feeling of loneliness and depression in people, and always keeps their hopes warm. It can be said that taking care of furry friends after a long day helps people feel more optimistic and spending time with their pets helps them cope with stress, helps animals increase social relationships, and develops empathy, social skills, mutual love and sense of responsibility in children. It can be said that spending time with their pets is good for people's mood, and they even prefer their animals over other people in quarantine, and they gain social status. The trend of online shopping for pets also seems to become permanent. Pets are now more important than ever in our lives. The pandemic may ease in the near future, but the closeness of our pets will be permanent. It is seen that the tendency towards the adoption of pets and meeting their needs such as care and nutrition is increasing day by day. While various needs come to the fore in this trend, it is important to determine the economic role of consumption of these needs and their relationship with the reasons.

Design and Development of Isolating Pods to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus or Other Viruses for Hospital and Domestic Purposes.

This project investigated into the design and construction of an isolation pod to keep infected people in quarantine, thus avoiding the spread of viruses such as the COVID-19. This product was made to be used in hospitals and at homes. Mauritius is among the few countries, which has not had any cases of COVID-19 since for since May 2020 for a period of 150 days. It has opened its borders since October 2020, and since Mauritius being a small country, the spread of any type of virus can be imminent if not controlled properly. In case there is another spread of the COVID-19 in Mauritius, then the isolation pod could be used to keep infected people in quarantine. The aims of the study were to develop a prototype of an isolation cubicle that is collapsible and can be easily erected at homes or in hospitals, whenever the need arises. A prototype of the pod was made with metal bars welded together and tarpaulin materials were sewn together. A HEPA Fan Extractor was fitted inside the pod to allow the air to circulate. the tests carried out the pod could easily be assembled, transported and stored for further usage. From the volunteers' feedback, it was found that the pod was comfortable, spacious, and practical. The air monitoring tests carried on the carbon dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity were within the acceptable ranges.