People In Peru Research Articles

Design and pilot evaluation of a brief intervention to reduce transphobia and improve attitudes of government officials to address legal gender affirmation needs of transgender people in Peru

ABSTRACT Legal gender affirmation – legal name and gender marker change – is an important health-promoting health determinant for transgender people. In Peru, the state's failure to universally recognize transgender people’s legal identity limits standardized legal affirmation procedures, including the paucity of government officials trained in gender affirmation strategies. This project, in partnership with Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil (RENIEC) and transgender communities, designed and piloted a group-based intervention to sensitize government officers to the importance of gender-concordant identity documents. Between August 2017 and February 2018, three in-person group intervention sessions were held (each 3–4 hours) with 51 government officers. Guided by Gender Affirmation and Structural Violence Frameworks, the intervention utilized Adult Learning Theory and applied storytelling and testimonials as pedagogy. Pre-/post-test surveys were administered (19 true/false items, summed to create an index score measuring knowledge and attitudes toward transgender people). Within-person changes in pre-/post-intervention scores were evaluated using paired t-tests. Pre-/post-test data were available for 41 participants. After the intervention, there were improvements in knowledge and more favorable attitudes toward transgender people (pre-test mean = 14.09, SD = 2.33 vs. post-test mean = 15.62, SD = 1.82; difference = 1.53, 95% CL = 0.60, 2.67; t-test = 3.30 [df = 46]; p = 0.002). The intervention was feasible to conduct and garnered high acceptability. The results suggest the promise of this brief intervention for future research and testing before potential later implementation and scale-up to increase the capacity of government officers to address legal gender affirmation for transgender people in Peru.

Sex Work and Health Problems in the Sexual and Gender Minority Population: Analysis of a Population Survey in Peru

Background. Sexual and gender minorities (SGM) who perform sex work are susceptible to sexually transmitted infections and substance abuse that can lead to chronic diseases, as well as discrimination and violence that deteriorate their mental health. Aim. To evaluate the association between a history of sex work and health problems in the sexual and gender minority population from Peru. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the data of the first virtual survey for LGBTI people in Peru in 2017. The prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems in the last 12 months and their association with the history of sex work were evaluated. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results. We analyzed data from 10629 people, of which 7.0% performed sex work. The prevalence of chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems was 13.0%, 10.4%, and 23.7%, respectively. A significant association was found between a history of sex work with chronic diseases (APR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04–1.50), infectious diseases (APR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.86–2.41), and mental health problems (APR: 1.27, 95% CI, 1.12–1.45). Conclusion. We found evidence that chronic diseases, infectious diseases, and mental health problems are associated with sex work history among the SGM population in Peru. There is a need to provide health interventions focused on disease prevention and control for this population.

Simulation of the behaviour of covid-19 with the stochastic SIRD model: case of Peru

In this work, we simulate the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic using a deterministic SIRD model and its stochastic SIRD model version. The model is used under a closed population of 32 625 984 from the peruvian country, where the coefficient of the transmission rate, the recovery rate, the dead rate and the initial condition are given for the data taken from the initial days reported by the first disease people in Peru.

Resocializing recordings: Collaborative archiving and curating of sound as an agent of knowledge transfer

AbstractThe authors discuss their methodologies for creating and relistening to recordings in collaboration with Indigenous People in Peru and Venezuela and contextualize them within the discourse about overcoming power structures that shape divides between the Global North and South, in both urban and rural trajectories, and in Western and Indigenous knowledges. When it comes to giving back or sharing sound recordings, we suggest the term resocialization rather than restitution or repatriation. In Indigenous lifeworlds, sound works much differently than in modern conceptualizations of music as art or entertainment. Indigenous theories of sound complement frameworks of copyright, which are still mainly based on modern views of human creativity. Working in archives and exhibitions, we seek collaboration with Indigenous experts when archiving, publishing, displaying, or playing recordings. We show how Indigenous and European specialists can foster eye‐level bilateral knowledge transfer by fruitfully cocurating sound and multimedia installations in exhibition contexts.

Prototype of Mobile Application Oriented to the Educational Help for Blind People in Peru

The article focuses on the orientation of educational aids for blind people. The prototype was made with the Scrum methodology and the prototype design tool called Balsamiq was used. Its objective is to design Prototypes of mobile application oriented to educational aid for blind people in Peru so that they have a decent and adequate education. The prototype is represented by 4 sprints, the first of user validation, the second of user registration, the third of classes or courses and the last of videoconferencing. In the application, a validation of the existing or new user's data was performed, where the user accesses the courses, he/she takes, so that he/she can choose a class by voice message, choosing to have a videoconference with a teacher. The proposed result for blind people to have a proper education is to optimize the learning process, through a prototype application, for each user or student where they can adapt in their studies, in addition to having blind people to make appropriate decisions in education, in the same way enhance the skills that these people have in education with a prototype of help for blind people designed in a prototype mobile application in Peru.

Ancient culture and arts of Peru

The ancient peoples of Peru have filled the natural landscape with color and charm. In this work, different historical reviews, and academic works, that show the realities of the indigenous peoples, their traditions, culture, and social situations that they face, are evaluated, but also the manual arts that fill the costumes and looms of our community with shapes and colors are highlighted. people. The work aims to show the realities of ancestral cultures, not only to highlight the vicissitudes they face but also to keep folklore alive. The results show that Latin America is a continent with a lot of traditional wealth and that these influence the behavior of its societies, sometimes as positive aspects and others as aspects to improve.
 Keywords: Ancestral culture, indigenous peoples, folklore.

Market Harms and Market Benefits

Market Harms and Market Benefits

El consumidor con discapacidad: Entre autonomía, discriminación y justicia administrativa

 Disabled people in Peru directly participate in contractual consumption relationships to satisfy their desires and needs based on a recognition of their full legal capacity. In this regard, law seeks to ensure their autonomy and access; nevertheless, discrimination appears as an obstacle. This study explores the role of support, reasonable adjustments, and administrative justice in the field of contractual consumption relationships of disabled people. The methodology includes addressing doctrine, legal regulations, and case law on the matter. The conclusion is that support and reasonable adjustments play a fundamental role, along with administrative justice by INDECOPI, in removing obstacles from this contractual scenario to fully include disabled people in society.

Design of a Mobile Application to Help Overweight People in Peru with the use of Chatbots

In this research we have seen that in Peru there is a large number of overweight people in a range that exceeds at least 30% depending on the age range, between 20 and 29 years there is 30.40% overweight, between 30 and 39 years there is 43.70% overweight, between 40 and 49 years there is 46.80% overweight, Between 50 and 59 years old there is a 43.30% of overweight and from 60 years old onwards there is a 38.50% of overweight, that is why we have proposed a prototype of a mobile application, whose main function is to help through the interaction of chatbots technology to have better control over their feeding and physical The development of the application will be done with an agile methodology, using the Scrum framework and the Balsamiq Mockup tool that will help us to design the prototypes of each module of the application. In the case of the study the requirements were made, and the planning of each sprint to carry out the application in a determined time. As a result, the design of the application is shown with modules to register users, register their weight and height to calculate their Body Mass Index (BMI), a section to interact in a chat to make any consultation, and finally a list of recipes with healthy dishes. This application will be very useful for all people who want to improve their health since it is not only for aesthetics, but also to prevent fatal diseases at an early age. Keywords— Chatbots, Design, Mobile Application, Overweight.

Umbrales del hedor: diálogos geoculturales entre la poesía de Teresa Orbegoso y la filosofía americanista de Rodolfo Kusch

The poetry of Peruvian writer Teresa Orbegoso interweaves Andean epistemologies and precarious materials in a land writing that is both geographical and cultural, and which is inspired in Rodolfo Kusch’ Americanist philosophy. Although the Kuschean philosophy, collected in his Obras completas, has received scarce attention within the field of ecocriticism, it has been described by Eduardo Gudynas (2010) as the precursor of ecophilosophical thought in Latin America. With a focus on Orbegoso's poetic approach, in this essay I intend to discuss how this contemporary poetry activates the Kuschean notion of "stench of the soil" inspired by the ancestral Aymara and Quechua knowledge of northern Argentina, southern Bolivia and the peoples of Peru with the objective to highlight a poetic-philosophical approach to the soil. In addition, I place Kusch’s Americanist philosophy within the frame of contemporary ecocritical discussions that update ancestral epistemologies as a source of knowledge for the present and the future. I also propose to recover a critical vocabulary from Rodolfo Kusch's philosophy in order to understand the elaborations of this contemporary poetry that approaches notions of the ground and the soil from the ancestral, the corporeal and the precarious through making use of a Latin American philosophical episteme.

The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on physical domestic violence: Evidence from a list randomization experiment.

We quantify the increase in physical domestic violence (family or intimate partner violence) experienced by young people aged 18–26 during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns in Peru. To do this we use an indirect methodology, the double list randomization experiment. The list experiment was embedded in a telephone survey to participants of the Young Lives study, a long-standing cohort survey. We find that 8.3% of the sample experienced an increase in physical violence within their households during the lockdown period. Those who had already reported experiencing domestic violence in the last round of (in-person) data collection in 2016 are more likely to have experienced increased physical violence during the COVID-19 lockdown, with 23.6% reporting an increase during this time. The reported increase in violence does not differ significantly by gender. List experiments, if carefully conducted, may be a relatively cheap and feasible way to elicit information about sensitive issues during a phone survey.

Buen vivirand the Making of Indigenous Territories in the Peruvian Amazon

Awajun, Wampis, and other Amazonian indigenous peoples in Peru have acquired title to the collective property of their native communities as a legal strategy for the defense of their ancestral territory. This strategy, however, has failed to stop the expansion of extractive industries and the degradation of their livelihoods. In response, indigenous peoples in the northern Amazon are proposing the legal recognition of their “integral territory” under a politics of buen vivir. This new model for territorial governance is aimed at transforming indigenous peoples from ethnic communities with property entitlements to nations with territorial rights.Los awajun, wampis y otros pueblos indígenas amazónicos en Perú han adquirido el título de propiedad colectiva de sus comunidades nativas como estrategia legal para la defensa de su territorio ancestral. Esta estrategia, sin embargo, no ha logrado detener la expansión de las industrias extractivas y la degradación de sus medios de vida. En respuesta, los pueblos indígenas del norte de la Amazonía proponen el reconocimiento legal de su “territorio integral” bajo una política de buen vivir. Este nuevo modelo de gobierno territorial tiene por objeto transformar a los pueblos indígenas de comunidades étnicas con derechos de propiedad a naciones con derechos territoriales.

Digital transformation of doing documentary: Committed documentary and the knitting of networks of co-creation

What is at stake if the recent past and social atrocities are hidden by taboos? How can one break up established patterns of media making? How can ancient sociocultural infrastructures in combination with digital documentary promote campaigns to raise one’s voice and achieve social and political change? Taking The Quipu Project (2015) as a test-stone, we discuss the potential of documentary transmedia configurations to allow a hitherto silenced group of people in Peru to collaboratively tell their stories on-line and to promote action taking for justice on the ground. Bringing together Cizek’s notion of interventionist media making, Daniel’s concept of context-provision, Aston’s considerations on ‘emplaced interaction’ and the idea of co-creation, this contribution offers some propositions for a better understanding of emerging digital mutations in doing documentary and their potential for transformation, revisiting paradigms of collective wisdom and impact as well as a modified version of Gaventa’s power cube model.

EFECTIVIDAD DE LOS DERECHOS COLECTIVOS DE LOS PUEBLOS INDÍGENAS: EL CASO DE PERÚ Y EL ECUADOR

El artículo analiza el alcance de los derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas en Perú y en el Ecuador. Para el efecto se analizan los casos de los conflictos mineros en la Comunidad Nativa Tres Islas del Departamento peruano Madre Dios, y la lucha de los indígenas de la parroquia Tundayme, de la provincia ecuatoriana de Zamora Chinchipe. Se considera que el Convenio 169 de la OIT y los tratados internacionales, referentes a los derechos colectivos indígenas, garantizan sus derechos al territorio y a la sana supervivencia, y constituyen los instrumentos jurídicos más importantes en la lucha frente a la minería. No obstante, la existencia de estos y otros instrumentos internacionales suscritos por Perú y el Ecuador, los derechos colectivos de los indígenas son escasamente asumidos por los Estados.

The exercise of the right to legal persons and collective property of the land of indigenous peoples in Peru. Analysis made based on the situation of 14 communities in the department of Loreto

The exercise of the right to legal persons and collective property of the land of indigenous peoples in Peru. Analysis made based on the situation of 14 communities in the department of Loreto

La Casa trans Zuleymi—a safe space for trans women

In late 2016 in a house on the edge of Lima, the first house for transgender people in Peru opened. Its name, La Casa trans Zuleymi, is a constant reminder of the horrific violence the transgender community, particularly trans women and adolescents, face on a daily basis. A complex epidemic prevents Peru reaching HIV goalsAlthough concentrated in men who have sex with men and trans people, an influx of migrants with HIV from Venezuela is causing Peru's HIV epidemic to swell. Sophie Cousins reports. Full-Text PDF

Educación intercultural bilingüe, privatización por defecto y desigualdad entre los docentes Awajún de la región San Martín

This paper explores some effects of the privatization of education and Awajun teacher training in the reproduction of inequality in the Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB), main education policy for indigenous peoples in Peru. Since Leg- islative Decree N° 882 was promulgated in 1996, within the context of neoliberal policies, private education grew enormously. Although scarcely supervised by the State, this education offer became attractive to Awajun teachers from San Mar- tin, who work in the EIB service, in which indigenous teachers with professional degrees are scant. However, the engagement with private education contributes to the increasing devaluation of Awajun teachers’ roles and to the configuration of unequal educative networks. This qualitative research is based on informa- tion collected from interviews, observations and surveys with Awajun students and teachers, as well as with non-indigenous teacher trainers from public and private institutions in the cities of Moyobamba, Rioja, Nueva Cajamarca, and Jaén. In a complementary way, the study bases on official documents regarding the privatization of education, teacher training and EIB policy during the period of 1990 to 2015.

Does Involving Parents in Soil Sampling Identify Causes of Child Exposure to Lead? A Case Study of Community Engagement in Mining-Impacted Towns in Peru.

Over a million people in Peru may be exposed to lead (Pb) due to past or present mining‐related activities; however, neither soil Pb nor blood Pb are routinely monitored throughout the country. Because little is known about Pb contamination in smaller mining‐impacted towns, soil Pb was mapped in four such towns with a portable X‐ray fluorescence analyzer in 2015. The roadside mapping delineated hotspots of highly contaminated soil (1,000–6,000 mg/kg Pb) in two of the towns. The local health department, provided with a LeadCare II analyzer, then measured blood‐Pb levels >5 in 65% and >10 μg/dL in 15% of children (n = 200) up to 6 years of age in these same four communities. There were no clear relations between child blood‐Pb levels and Pb levels in soil samples collected inside (n = 50) or outside the home (n = 50). Increased child blood Pb was associated with decreased level of cleanliness of parent clothing (n = 136) and shoes (n = 138), linking a possible behavioral factor for transferring contaminated soil and dust to children. In order to explore individual exposure and variations in soil Pb, 10 parents of children with blood Pb >10 μg/dL and 10 parents of children with blood Pb <5 μg/dL were invited to collect soil samples in areas where their children play and screen it for Pb using a color‐based field procedure. Importantly, parents identified a new hotspot of Pb contamination that had been missed by the previous portable X‐ray fluorescence soil mapping. The findings highlight the feasibility and value of involving families impacted by environmental contamination to identify and reduce environmental health risk.

Health and economic correlates of autonomy among older people in Peru, Mexico and China: The 10/66 INDEP study

Background: While autonomy is highlighted as central to older people’s wellbeing, there has been little empirical research to inform a measurement approach, support construct validity, or establish its determinants. We aimed to study the health and economic correlates of self-perceived autonomy among community-dwelling older people in Peru, Mexico and China, using a hypothesis-driven approach. Methods: Cross-sectional household surveys in urban and rural catchment areas in each country, comprising household, informant, and older person interviews, to elicit household income and older residents’ autonomy, unmet needs, and quality of life. Households, all with older residents, were selected from previous waves of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group’s comprehensive surveys of ageing and health. Results: Among 937 older respondents in 754 households, diminished autonomy was associated with older age, marital status, lower education, and lower household income. Physical, cognitive and mental morbidities, functional impairment and dependence were strongly and independently associated with diminished autonomy, explaining the effect of age. Controlling for these variables, an older person’s current total income was inversely associated with diminished autonomy (Count Ratio per fifth of total income 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.91). Autonomy was positively correlated with wellbeing and life satisfaction, supporting construct validity. Counter to hypotheses, less autonomy was associated with fewer unmet needs in rural sites. Conclusions: The effects of income insecurity, disability and dependence upon autonomy should be tested prospectively to confirm causal direction. Social pensions, and measures to support the rights of frail and dependent older people may be effective policy instruments for promoting autonomy. While the negative impact of diminished autonomy upon older people’s welfare is supported, the association in rural sites between more autonomy and more unmet needs should be further investigated; efforts to promote autonomy may need careful cultural nuancing, to support rather than subvert traditional family care systems.

Herbal medicine uses to treat people with epilepsy: A survey in rural communities of northern Peru

Ethnopharmacological relevanceEpilepsy affects 150,000 people in Peru, with a prevalence of 16.6/1000 and a treatment gap of 75%. Herbal medicine (HM) is widely used in this country. Aim of the studyWe aimed to assess the use of plants in a rural community in northern Peru as part of therapeutic strategies for people with epilepsy (PWE). Materials and methodsThe study was a cross-sectional observational and descriptive study. The inclusion criteria for people with epilepsy were 2 years of age and over, having lived in the study area for at least 3 months and a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy by a neurologist. The information was gathered through structured interviews using a survey questionnaire. Botanical species used by people with epilepsy or traditional healers were collected and identified. ResultsOut of the 228 people with epilepsy included, 60.0% had used herbal remedies and 54.8% both herbal medicine and anti-epileptic drugs. The traditional healer was the first practitioner consulted by 45.2% of people with epilepsy. Sixty-six species have been mentioned by the people with epilepsy and traditional healers on the treatment of epilepsy. Carbamazepine was the most prescribed anti-epileptic drug with 33.2% of prescriptions. ConclusionsThis study was the first to measure a percentage of use of herbal medicine for epilepsy in Peru. It would be interesting to conduct a pharmacological evaluation of the most commonly used species on epileptic models to validate and secure their use.