People Need Research Articles

Co-Producing a Package of Novel Online Resources to Support the Mental Health Needs of People With Persistent Pain: BeeFree.

Co-Producing a Package of Novel Online Resources to Support the Mental Health Needs of People With Persistent Pain: BeeFree.

Unmet Financial Needs of People with Psychotic Disorders-A Cross-Sectional Study in People with Psychotic Disorders, Parents, Siblings, and Controls.

Background. Psychotic disorders have a strong negative impact on people's lives, including their financial situation. This study aimed to examine differences in unmet financial needs between people with psychotic disorders, parents, siblings, and controls. Secondly, we aimed to examine whether family clustering contributes to unmet financial needs. Lastly, we aimed to examine to what extent demographic, economic, psychiatric, functional, and cognitive characteristics and substance use predict unmet financial needs in people with psychosis. Methods. Data from the first assessment of people with psychosis (n = 956), siblings (n = 889), parents (n = 858), and controls (n = 496) included in the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study were used. Group differences were assessed with Kruskal-Wallis tests (aim 1), while a mixed-effects logistic regression analysis and explorative and confirmative ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted for aims 2 and 3, respectively. Results. Twenty-four percent of people with psychotic disorders reported unmet financial needs. These levels of unmet financial needs were significantly higher than levels for siblings, parents, and controls. We found a negligible influence of (direct) familial clustering on unmet financial needs. Lastly, cannabis and tobacco use significantly and consistently predicted higher levels of unmet financial needs of people with psychosis. Conclusions. Relatively high levels of unmet financial needs occurred in a heterogeneous group of people with psychosis, especially when people used cannabis or tobacco. Unmet financial needs can have detrimental consequences for mental health, stigmatization, leisure time activities, and social engagement. Thus, it is pivotal to recognize unmet financial needs, especially combined with substance use, as a crucial stressor for people with psychosis.

Mapping refugee populations at high resolution by unlocking humanitarian administrative data

BackgroundInforming local decision-making, improving service delivery and designing household surveys require having access to high-spatial resolution mapping of the targeted population. However, this detailed spatial information remains unavailable for specific population subgroups, such as refugees, a vulnerable group that would significantly benefit from focused interventions. Given the continuous increase in the number of refugees, reaching an all-time high of 35.3 million people in 2022, it is imperative to develop models that can accurately inform about their spatial locations, enabling better and more tailored assistance.MethodsWe leverage routinely collected registration data on refugees and combine it with high-resolution population maps, satellite imagery derived settlement maps and other spatial covariates to disaggregate observed refugee totals into 100-m grid cells. We suggest a deterministic grid cell allocation inside monitored refugee sites based on building count and a random-forest-derived grid cell allocation outside refugee sites based on geolocating the textual geographic information in the refugee register and on high-resolution population mapping. We test the method in Cameroon using the registration database monitored by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.ResultsUsing OpenStreetMap, 83% of the manually inputted information in the registration database could be geolocated. The building footprint layer derived from satellite imagery by Ecopia AI offers extensive coverage within monitored refugee sites, although manual digitization was still required in rapidly evolving settings. The high-resolution mapping of refugees on a 100-m grid basis provides an unparalleled level of spatial detail, enabling valuable geospatial insights for informed local decision-making.ConclusionsGathering information on forcibly displaced persons in sparse data-setting environment can quickly become very costly. Therefore, it is critical to gain the most knowledge from operational data that is frequently collected, such as registration databases. Integrating it with ancillary information derived from satellite imagery paves the way for obtaining more timely and spatially precise information to better deliver services and enhance sampling frame for target data collection exercises that further improves the quality of information on people in need.

The Growth of Food Aid in Sweden – How Demand and Supply are Transforming Charitable Organisations

Abstract The purpose of this article is to describe and analyse the growth in food aid in Sweden, and how it affects the non-profit organisations providing it. The particular type of food aid in focus is large-scale collaborations between charitable non-profit organisations and the food industry, through which food surplus is turned into food aid for people in food insecurity. The first examples of such food aid emerged less than 10 years ago in Sweden, but it has since experienced a dramatic growth. The development in Sweden follows a pattern known from many other European countries, with the exception that it is going faster, as if Sweden is catching up. This makes food aid in Sweden an interesting case for an empirical study. The article is based on an interview study performed in 2022. Staff and managers at two large, national organisations were interviewed about how the rapid growth in food aid has affected their work and the institutional logics of their organisations. They also provided their thoughts on the role of food aid in Swedish society. One of the main findings is that the growth in food aid bring both the benefit of more people in need receiving help, and the challenge of strain as well as concerns regarding ethics and mission drift in the organisations. Another finding is that the growth is driven by both a growth in demand for food aid, but also by a growth in supply of food from the charities and their corporate partnerships.

Sustainable Maritime Transport: A Review of Intelligent Shipping Technology and Green Port Construction Applications

With the global economy’s relentless growth and heightened environmental consciousness, sustainable maritime transport emerges as a pivotal development trajectory for the shipping sector. This study systematically analyzes 478 publications searched in the Web of Science Core Collection, from 2000 to 2023, utilizing bibliometric methods to investigate the application areas in sustainable development within the shipping industry. This study begins with an analysis of annual publication trends, which reveals a substantial expansion in research endeavors within this discipline over recent years. Subsequently, a comprehensive statistical evaluation of scholarly journals and a collaborative network assessment are conducted to pinpoint the foremost productive journals, nations, organizations, and individual researchers. Furthermore, a keyword co-occurrence methodology is applied to delineate the core research themes and emerging focal points within this domain, thereby outlining potential research directions for future research. In addition, drawing on the keyword co-occurrence analysis, the advancements in intelligent shipping technologies and green port construction applications within sustainable maritime transport are discussed. Finally, the review discusses the existing challenges and opportunities of sustainable maritime transport from a theoretical and practical perspective. The research shows that, in terms of intelligent shipping technology, data security and multi-source data are the focus that people need to pay attention to in the future; a trajectory prediction for different climates and different ship types is also an area for future research. In terms of green ports, Cold Ironing (CI) is one of the key points of the green port strategy, and how to drive stakeholders to build sustainable green ports efficiently and economically is the future developmental direction. This review serves to enhance researchers’ comprehension of the current landscape and progression trajectory of intelligent shipping technologies, thereby fostering the continued advancement and exploration in this vital domain.

Endemic and Threatened: The Conservation Value of the Philippine Duck

The Philippine duck (Anas luzonica) is a vulnerable species, endemic to the Philippines. The need of local people for food and land has led to the endangerment of the Philippine duck populations through illegal hunting and the conversion of wetlands to aquaculture and farmland. This study was conducted to determine the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents (n = 500) in Maguindanao provinces for the conservation of the Philippine duck and the effects of conservation attitude and knowledge toward the Philippine duck, as well as sociodemographic characteristics, on WTP. The mean annual WTP for Philippine duck conservation was USD 0.60, and the total estimated annual amount that could be collected was USD 134 thousand when projected based on the number of households in the Maguindanao provinces. A positive conservation attitude and high knowledge increased the WTP for Philippine duck conservation. Females, pet owners, and those with higher income pledged a higher WTP than males, non-pet owners, and those with lower income. This study revealed that local residents are supportive of the conservation of the vulnerable duck populations by paying a considerable amount. These results are critical for designing and implementing outreach programs for increasing awareness and the acquisition of funds urgently needed for the protection and conservation of the remaining Philippine duck population in the area.

Фермерская модель мира

The article presents the characteristic features of the farmer's picture of the world. Over the course of a long history, it has retained its foundations, determined by the need of people engaged in agricultural work to feel the characteristics of a particular space, protect it and pass on by inheritance not only skills and abilities, but also secret knowledge, legends and traditions about the connection with this particular land. The modern post-industrial economy and the associated management model seek to destroy these connections, to create innovative agro-industrial complexes in the territories occupied by farms, devoid of dependence on the human owner and subordinate to the tasks facing business. This policy, in particular, pursued by the leadership of the European Union, has become the cause of massive farmer protests. At the same time, there is a growing number of people in the world who have environmentally conscious behavior and who, through immersion in farming, strive to get in touch with nature, at least temporarily. The article shows that behind this confrontation between lifestyles, there is a deeper geopolitical gap between adherents of traditional, local and national models of development and supporters of liberal globalization, striving for unification that facilitates the process of global governance. The observed crisis of globalization of this type provides a chance not only to satisfy the socio-economic and political demands of farmers, but also to saturate the farming picture of the world with new images that are in tune with modernity.

Empowering Communities through Akhuwat Foundation's Microfinance Initiative in Bhakkar, Punjab

Poverty is a global problem with several facets that affect millions of people worldwide. This study investigates the role of microfinance, mostly through the Akhuwat Foundation, in reducing poverty in the undeveloped district of Bhakkar, South Punjab, Pakistan. Akhuwat Foundation provides small loans to the needy to raise them out of poverty. This qualitative study takes an interpretive social science method, combining a meta-analysis of relevant literature with in-depth interviews of stakeholders using open-ended questions. According to the data, recipients primarily use these loans to start businesses, which leads to increased income and, as a result, poverty alleviation. However, limited resources limit the extent of lending, demanding increased loan-giving capacity to reach more people in need. Moreover, respondents require further training in business management or entrepreneurial capacities, which is not addressed by microfinance institutions such as Akhuwat Foundation before loan acceptance. Pre-loan training is required for optimum use of funds for business purposes, which limits microfinance's potential influence on poverty alleviation.

Interrogating Christian and Muslim responses to COVID-19 in Nigeria

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed the far-reaching significance of religion in shaping human interaction within social crises. Efforts to slow down the spread of coronavirus prompted different national governments, including the Federal Government of Nigeria to restrict large density gatherings, enforce lockdowns and promote social distancing, which were largely resisted initially. Organised religion may have influenced citizens’ compliance with government directives for curbing the pandemic. Focussing largely on providing economic assistance to people in need, it may have missed out on the reason for recourse to faith. One outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic was the need to understand the application of religious faith in explaining epidemics and health crises. This work predominantly relies on data from secondary sources (library research and internet materials). Just as it critically investigates Christian-Muslim responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, it seeks also to justify reliance on religion during a health emergency. By the evaluative method of philosophy, we show that although the pandemic triggered dread of annihilation, it brought in its wake a search for ontological meaningfulness. This study therefore argues that Nigerians turned to religion to meet the deep-seated, individual need for meaningfulness (‘survivability’) that is primary to the need of soul and body, which includes material donations by organised religious entities. The primacy of fulfilling this need precedes sociality both ontologically and epistemologically because meaningfulness is an inalienable property of individuality.Contribution: This work presents religion as a rationally defensible need that is fundamentally rooted in individual human nature, even in a pandemic; religion pertains to meaningfulness, which counters human fear of annihilation and meaninglessness.

Prevalence of ANA and Anti-GBM Antibodies among Patients with Renal Failure in Tikrit City

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) people need regular hemodialysis because they have chronic renal disease, which is a major health issue. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies, associated infections, and bacterial isolates in hemodialysis patients, comparing the findings with a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted from December 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024, at Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The study comprised a cohort of 240 patients, aged 15-75 years, who were diagnosed with chronic renal disease and were receiving hemodialysis. Additionally, a control group of 40 healthy persons was included. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology was utilized to collect blood samples for the purpose of detecting ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies. Results: There was a modest preponderance of men in the sex distribution of hemodialysis patients. The age distribution was adequately represented throughout several decades. The investigation revealed notable disparities in the occurrence of ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies between hemodialysis patients and the control group. Out of the patients undergoing hemodialysis, 32.29% were found to have ANA antibodies, and 29.17% were found to have Anti-GBM antibodies. In contrast, none of the individuals in the control group tested positive for either type of antibody. The prevalence of Hepatitis C and B viruses among hemodialysis patients was 8.33% and 5.21% respectively. 52.08% of the patients had diabetes, whereas 57.29% had hypertension. In addition, the bacteria obtained from the mouth exhibited a varied microbial composition, with the most common species being Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus viridans. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the notable occurrence of ANA and Anti-GBM antibodies in hemodialysis patients, which is associated with a heightened susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs). Implementing efficient infection control techniques and enhancing oral hygiene practices are crucial for effectively controlling infections in hemodialysis patients. Additional investigation is required to examine the intricacies of the microbial composition in this particular group and to formulate thorough measures for preventing infections.

“The only way that they can access help quickly”: a qualitative exploration of key stakeholders’ perspectives on guided self-help interventions for children and young people with eating disorders

BackgroundThere is a significant unmet treatment need for children and young people (CYP) with eating disorders. Guided self-help interventions have the potential to expand access to evidence-based treatments. Guided self-help is a type of low intensity psychological intervention where individuals engage with a workbook or online programme, with the support of a health professional. Its primary aim is to equip patients and/or their caregivers with self-management skills. However, little is currently known about the acceptability and suitability of guided self-help interventions for CYP with eating disorders. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of three key stakeholder groups – CYP with lived experience of eating disorders, parents/carers, and healthcare professionals – on guided self-help for this population.MethodsQualitative focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 CYP (aged 13–19 years) with lived experience of eating disorders, 12 parents/carers, and 10 healthcare professionals. The study comprised a total of seven focus groups (including 2 with CYP, 3 with parent/carers, and 2 with healthcare professionals), as well as four semi-structured interviews (including 3 with CYP and 1 with a parent/carer). Discussion topics included past experiences of using/delivering guided self-help, the suitability of guided self-help for CYP with eating disorders, and preferences towards the content, structure and modes of guided self-help. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were generated across all three stakeholder groups. Theme one, Bridging the gap, highlighted the role of guided self-help in increasing access to psychological support for CYP with eating disorders. Theme two, Timing matters, considered the suitability of guided self-help for CYP with eating disorders at different stages of illness and the care pathway. Theme three, One size does not fit all, emphasised the heterogeneity of eating disorders and the need for a personalised and flexible approach in guided self-help.ConclusionsFindings from this study lay a foundation for the future design and delivery of guided self-help interventions for CYP with eating disorders. Future work must consider these findings in the context of best available research evidence to optimise the potential utility of guided self-help for this population.

Meeting the Needs of People With Severe Quadriplegia in the 21st Century: The Case for Implanted Brain-Computer Interfaces.

In recent decades, there has been a widespread adoption of digital devices among the non-disabled population. The pervasive integration of digital devices has revolutionized how the majority of the population manages daily activities. Most of us now depend on digital platforms and services to conduct activities across the domains of communication, finance, healthcare, and work. However, a clear disparity exists for people who live with severe quadriplegia, who largely lack access to tools that would enable them to perform daily tasks digitally and communicate effectively with their environment. The purpose of this piece is to (i) highlight the unmet needs of people with severe quadriplegia (including cases for medical necessity and perspectives from the community), (ii) present the current landscape of assistive technology for people with severe quadriplegia, (iii) make the case for implantable BCIs (how they address needs and why they are a good solution relative to other assistive technologies), and (iv) present future directions. There are technologies that are currently available to this population, but these technologies are certainly not usable with the same level of ease, efficiency, or autonomy as what has been designed for the non-disabled community. This hinders the ability of people with severe quadriplegia to achieve digital autonomy, perpetuating social isolation and limiting the expression of needs, opinions, and preferences. Most importantly, the gap in digital equality fundamentally undermines the basic human rights of people with severe quadriplegia.

Power of movement capability

ABSTRACT This conceptual paper takes a departure in the concept of powerful knowledge, developed by Young, M., & Muller, J. (2013. On the powers of powerful knowledge. Review of Education, 1(3), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3017). Powerful knowledge can in short be described as knowledge that people need to understand and change the world. The aim is to examine when movement capability, as theorized through empirical research, becomes powerful. To delineate our perspective on knowledge, the concept of knowledge and knowing as theorized by Polanyi, M. (1962. Personal knowledge. University of Chicago Press) and (Carlgren, I. (2020). Powerful knowns and powerful knowings. Journal of Curriculum Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2020.1717634) is outlined, showing that movement capability comprises ways of knowing which are neither merely physical (the doing) nor mental (the thinking), but rather a fusion of both. With a widened understanding of powerful knowledge as including the knowing involved in the doings, we illustrate through empirical examples from previous and ongoing research, and how physical education can offer students possibilities to develop powerful movement capabilities.

Assessing stigma: Health and social worker regard towards working with people using illicit drugs in Athens, Greece

BackgroundAfter the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and resulting economic austerity, the rise in illicit drug use engendered an increased need for people who use drugs (PWUD) to access medical care, compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. Research shows that perceptions of medical staff towards PWUD facilitate or act as a barrier to accessing health care. This study provides a better understanding of health and social work professionals’ perceptions by assessing stigma levels towards PWUD in Athens, Greece.MethodsThis is a mixed-method study. It calculates the stigma score for professionals (n = 60) and the stigma score associated with specific drugs based on the Medical Condition Regard Scale through a quantitative analysis of responses to a semi-structured online survey about attitudes of health and social work professionals towards PWUD. It draws on the qualitative analysis of 12 semi-structured interviews with 16 service managers, providers, and health services advocates working in the charity sector to determine whether perceptions of PWUD affect writing and implementing policy and protocols for services.ResultsStigma towards PWUD exists amongst health and social work professionals in Athens. Professionals who have worked with PWUD for longer periods of time, professionals who have had specific training on working with PWUD, and professionals who feel that they have the necessary training to work with PWUD all demonstrated a higher stigma score than those reporting the opposite. Cannabis and opioids were associated with lower stigma scores while shisha had the highest level of stigma associated with it. Finally, professional environments are not conducive to alleviating stigma as the lack of training specific to stigma, the lack of professional supervision, and worker burn-out are key barriers faced by professionals in their everyday practice.ConclusionsReducing and eliminating stigma towards PWUD among health and social workers requires immediate action. Measures to be taken include: introducing training programs focused on stigma towards PWUD to healthcare providers, social workers, lawyers, police, the media; increasing professional supervision on field work for health and social workers; introducing low barrier health care and specialist units. Peers and field-focused organisations should meaningfully participate in drug and alcohol policymaking, program development, and implementation.

Factors Influencing Public Interest in Using Sharia Microfinance Institution Produsts in Lamongan

Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMI) have a strategic role with their main function being to collect funds from people with excess funds and channel the funds to people in need effectively and efficiently. The existence of IMI is expected to help people, especially those from the lower middle class, in gaining access to funding. However, the perception and attitude of the community towards bank interests and the profit sharing system show diversity. Some people still choose to accept interest and consider it the same as the profit sharing system, so an analysis of factors that influence the community's interest in using IMI products is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge, promotion, service quality, and religiosity on the community's interest in using IMI products in Lamongan. The sample used was 100 samples selected using the purposive sampling method. The data was processed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The test results stated that partially and simultaneously, the variables of knowledge, service quality, promotion, and religiosity had a positive effect on the community's interest in using IMI products in Lamongan.

Real-Time Dialysis Dose: Ionic Dialysis Versus Classical Urea Kinetic Modeling Indices.

Introduction Worldwide, over 850 million people need renal replacement therapy, and over 80% of them are on hemodialysis. The term "dialysis adequacy" is most often associated with the achievement of minimally acceptable indices - single pool Kt/V (spKt/V) and urea reduction ratio (URR%) and largely does not take into account other clinical indicators in patients. In addition, it should be taken into account that in the conditions of clinical practice, their measurement is carried out according to standards controlled by the regulatory structures and is carried out with a frequency between one and three months, and not during each dialysis procedure. Accordingly, based on the obtained value, we assume that it refers to the urea clearance of the entire dialysis prescription. A new methodology for measuring dialysis adequacy through ionic dialysis allows dose estimation in real time without the need for additional blood testsby recording the difference in sodium ion conductivity at the dialyzer inlet and outlet. The latter corresponds to the dialysis dose delivered and can be measured at each dialysis session, enabling timely therapeutic intervention at minimal cost to the community. The aim of this original article is to present ion dialysis to the community as a reliable and inexpensive alternative to classical urea kinetic modeling (UKM), evaluating the comparability of the two methods and the possible sources of error in the result. Material and methods This was a retrospective study of 32 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Clinic of Nephrology and Dialysis at the University Hospital St. Marina (Varna, Bulgaria) for the period between January and December 2020.For each of the patients, four measurements (every three months) of the delivered dialysis dose were performed by ion dialysis and classical urea kinetic modeling in order to assess the comparability and reliability of the two methods. Results The analysis of the results proved a high correlation between the validated indicators of dialysis adequacy (spKt/V; URR) and those registered with online monitoring (online clearance monitor) by ionic dialysis - online Kt/V (onKt/V)while at the same time reporting a significant difference in the two methods - primarily based on the anthropometric formulas used to estimate the volume. The established regression models confirmed the high predictive value of ionic dialysis in relation to the actually delivered dose. Discussion Despite the high bond strength, our recorded values ​​for onKt/V are 8% lower compared to results using UKM. Therefore, onKt/V as an assessment metric has the ability to underestimate the dialysis dose received. Various factors as a possible source of error and its cause have been reported by some authors. Several studies have reported differences of 2-5% in instantaneous conductance measurements, which they associate mainly with differences in the diffusion coefficients of urea and sodium, as well as different effects of dialysis membrane charge or inadequate ultrafiltration correction. Conclusions Our study confirms that online clearance monitoring (OCM) is a practical non-invasive tool for daily use that complements the classic performance of OCM by helping to deliver an adequate dialysis dose with increased patient benefit and minimal cost of financial resources.

A Study on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India - Opportunities and Challenges

In our country, the MSME plays a major role in the economy and social development of the country. Currently, the MSME sector contributes more strength to the development of our nation. India provides various opportunities for the entrepreneur. The MSME concentrates on skill development and creates awareness among entrepreneurs. MSMEs provide various opportunities for entrepreneurs. The banking sector offers loans and training for people in need. The labour-concentrated sector helps reduce imbalances in the region. The MSME plays a major role in all types of the sector like khadi & village industries, coir industries, etc.. The entrepreneur as well as employees gain more knowledge through the MSMEs sector.. This paper is an attempt to study the opportunities and challenges faced by micro, small, and medium enterprises in the country.

Community Adaptation to Mitigate the Impact of Flooding in Kaoliaw, Sybounhuengthong and Sysomsuen Vilages, Sykhottabong District, Vientiane Capital

Kaoliaw, Sybounhuengthong and Sysomsuen Vilages, Sykhottabong District, Vientiane Capital is one of the areas have been affected by floods every year. The main reason may be due to the geography and the location is a flat area. The construction of embankment blocked the amount of water in the area unable to be drained out, which resulted of flooding in the area. The flood problem caused people need to adapt themselves to survive. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the various factors that affect the occurrence of flooding and how the people adapt in the flood area. The research method analyzed the annual rainfall and the maximum of flood using Log Pearson Type III. The population sample interview was used in total of 136 families (3 villages), community's flood adaptation data is analyzed using SPSS. Research results found that the amount of annual rainfall and the number of rain days tend to decrease. SPSS illustrated that the main cause of flooding is inefficient drainage system, followed by heavy rain, which accounts for 44.5% and 20.5% of the total sample group, respectively. The maximum duration of flooding is more than 10 days, but most of them are in the range of 4 to 7 days, which accounts for almost 40% of the sample group. For the community's flood adaptation before the flood, they followed the weather news through television and social media, installed water pumping and built waterproof walls around the house; During the flood, many families had to drain the water from their houses and they have to drop their vehicles outside the flood area. After the flood, people improved their house to make it more flood resistant and plan to deal with the next flood. In addition, the study results can be an important database for relevant organizations to analyze and investigations the solution plan to deal with future floods.

Filipino Acronyms: How Filipinos Use Acronyms

Language is dynamic and is constantly changing. It also proves that language and technology are related. Because technology uses language. Social media sites have become communication platforms, that involve more language. One of the word formation processes that has become increasingly popular is the formation of acronyms. This study aimed to assess and analyze Filipino acronyms and classify them according to their use and how they are formed. The data were analyzed through document analysis. The acronyms reviewed in this study are listed and derived from YouTube videos. From the results of the study, it is found that in Filipino, acronyms are mostly used in science and technology and in social media sites that have sprung up due to technology, and acronyms were formed due to human needs. In this age of social media, whether young or old, these words need to be known and used to keep up with the modern era. People need to learn it to be able to understand the modern world they live in and to be able to continue to express themselves through language.

Examining the causal effects of social exclusion on shame and dissociative detachment

Background and objectivesDissociative detachment experiences (e.g., derealization, absorption) underpin much psychopathology and are often researched in relation to co-occurring affective states such as shame, the latter being known to occur in situations involving actual or perceived negative social evaluation. The association between shame and dissociative detachment may also be moderated by individual differences in people's need to belong. The goal of the present study was to experimentally investigate the effects of social exclusion on shame and dissociative detachment depending on perceivers' need to belong. MethodsAfter measuring individual differences in need to belong and shame proneness, the Cyberball paradigm was utilized to communicate either social inclusion or exclusion. Following Cyberball, a sample of 281 participants completed measures of state shame and state dissociation. ResultsSocial exclusion increased dissociative detachment, and these effects were mediated by increases in state shame. These effects were particularly evident among people with a high need to belong. LimitationsOther individual differences such as rejection sensitivity may also moderate the relationship between exclusion and shame. While Cyberball can be used to investigate shame, it can only induce shame via social exclusion, whereas shame can also be elicited in other ways such as performance failure. ConclusionsSocial exclusion can elicit shame, which is most acutely felt by those with a strong need to belong, and this aversive experience appears to be managed by dissociative detachment.