People In Egypt Research Articles

Recognition of Customary Rights in the Baduy Customary Law System of Indonesia and Egypt Islamic Sharia Perspective

This article discusses the comparison of legal systems for the recognition of customary rights in the implementation of customary law of the Baduy people in Indonesia and the customary law of the Bedouin/Badawi people in Egypt in the perspective of Islamic sharia law. Customary rights are the collective rights of indigenous peoples over certain territories that are inherited from generation to generation. In Baduy society, customary rights play a central role in maintaining ecological balance and cultural sustainability. This research explores how customary rights are recognized and protected within the framework of Baduy customary law, as well as how Islamic values applied by the Bedouin/Bedouin tribe in Egypt can provide additional perspectives in understanding and respecting these rights. The research method used is qualitative with a comparative approach and literature analysis. The results showed that despite differences in geographical and cultural contexts, the principles of justice and social welfare in Islamic sharia can support the recognition and protection of customary rights. This article recommends closer intercultural dialogue and legal interaction to strengthen the protection of indigenous peoples' rights by comparing a system that includes the same legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture, but there are some similarities and differences in the context of implementing customary law and Islamic sharia.

Expectations of Egyptian and German Sports Tourists Depending on Destination and Travel Companions

The expectations of (sports) tourists are individual and, therefore, particularly diverse. This study investigates the question to which extent expectations differ with regard to various aspects (accommodation, food, activities, meeting new people and fears) according to the destination in the home country or abroad and the travel companion. This study also investigates whether differences can be identified between the two studied countries. A total of 39 people in Egypt and 42 in Germany were asked about their individual and group expectations and fears by using the scenario technique. In small groups, the expectations of travelling with different travel companions (friends, partner and children or grandmother) and to different destinations were discussed to develop concrete wishes and goals. Results show that both the country of origin and the destination, as well as the travel companions, have an influence on expectations.

Applying the structural equation model approach to study the simultaneous relationship between women’s empowerment and mental disorder in Egypt

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to examine whether women’s empowerment and mental disorder affect each other in a one-way or two-way simultaneous relationship. Accordingly, the study fills a gap in the literature since it is the first attempt to examine the simultaneous relationship between women’s empowerment and mental disorder in Egypt. To achieve this, the study aims to examine the most important dimensions of women’s empowerment and mental disorder that affect each other simultaneously, and the most important determinants affecting women’s empowerment and mental disorder.Design/methodology/approachThe study depends on the cross-sectional data from the “Survey of Young People in Egypt” implemented in 2014. Married women aged 14–35 are included in the analysis (N = 3052). Recursive and nonrecursive structural equation models are used to examine the simultaneous relationship between women’s empowerment and mental disorder using AMOS, which stands for Analysis of Moment Structures (Version 22).ResultsWomen’s education has a positive significant impact on women’s empowerment and mental health. Violence has a positive significant impact on mental disorder, while it has a negative impact on women’s empowerment. Sexual harassment has a negative impact on treatment with spouse dimension. Regarding the one-way relationship, the results show that the more empowered the woman, the better her mental health is. Considering the two-way simultaneous relationship, the findings show that there is a partial two-way simultaneous relationship.ConclusionThere is a relationship between women’s empowerment and mental health, indicating that they affect each other simultaneously. Awareness of the importance of psychological counselling and treatment for mental disorders in women is needed.

Accountability at a local community placed in a global context: the case of the Jasmine Village

PurposeThe study examines how calculative practices and accountability appear in a rural community of marginalised people in Egypt who depend on jasmine plantations that contribute to the production of global essences.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from various sources, namely conversations with villagers, documents and relevant videos and news available on social media and the Internet. This study draws on the concepts of social accountability, the politics of blame avoidance and using calculative practices as a language to explain accountability in context.FindingsThe author found a lack of accountability on the part of the government and business owners, with serious implications for the livelihoods of people in a community that has been wholly dependent on jasmine plantations for a century. Power holders have deployed a blame-shifting game to avoid social responsibility. In response, calculative practices rather than advanced accounting tools are used by the poor in the community to induce power holders to be accountable.Social implicationsThe findings of this study show that authorities need to take proactive steps to address the disadvantaged position of powerless people in the lower echelons of society, recognising their accountability for those people.Originality/valueThis paper enhances the understanding of the status of calculative practices and accountability in a community of marginalised people who contribute to the production of global commodities. The paper also enhances the understanding of what goes on behind the scenes with popular and prestigious commodities, whose development is initiated in poor countries, with the end product marketed in rich Western countries.

New insights into the genetic predisposition of brucellosis and its effect on the gut and vaginal microbiota in goats

Goats contribute significantly to the global food security and industry. They constitute a main supplier of meat and milk for large proportions of people in Egypt and worldwide. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease that causes a significant economic loss in animal production. A case–control genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted using the infectious status of the animal as a phenotype. The does that showed abortion during the last third period of pregnancy and which were positive to both rose bengal plate and serum tube agglutination tests, were considered as cases. Otherwise, they were considered as controls. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina 65KSNP BeadChip. Additionally, the diversity and composition of vaginal and fecal microbiota in cases and controls were investigated using PCR-amplicone sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rDNA. After applying quality control criteria, 35,818 markers and 66 does were available for the GWAS test. The GWAS revealed a significantly associated SNP (P = 5.01 × 10–7) located on Caprine chromosome 15 at 29 megabases. Four other markers surpassed the proposed threshold (P = 2.5 × 10–5). Additionally, fourteen genomic regions accounted for more than 0.1% of the variance explained by all genome windows. Corresponding markers were located within or in close vicinity to several candidate genes, such as ARRB1, RELT, ATG16L2, IGSF21, UBR4, ULK1, DCN, MAPB1, NAIP, CD26, IFIH1, NDFIP2, DOK4, MAF, IL2RB, USP18, ARID5A, ZAP70, CNTN5, PIK3AP1, DNTT, BLNK, and NHLRC3. These genes play important roles in the regulation of immune responses to the infections through several biological pathways. Similar vaginal bacterial community was observed in both cases and controls while the fecal bacterial composition and diversity differed between the groups (P < 0.05). Faeces from the control does showed a higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidota compared to cases (P < 0.05), while the latter showed more Firmicutes, Spirochaetota, Planctomycetota, and Proteobacteria. On the genus level, the control does exhibited higher abundances of Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group and Christensenellaceae R-7 group (P < 0.05), while the infected does revealed higher Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Prevotellaceae UCG-003 (P < 0.05). This information increases our understanding of the genetics of the susceptibility to Brucella in goats and may be useful in breeding programs and selection schemes that aim at controlling the disease in livestock.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from lemon and pomegranate peel extracts to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates

BackgroundMultidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are acknowledged as one of the main factors contributing to chronic illnesses and fatalities globally. Numerous diseases, including bloodstream infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections, can be brought on by MDR bacteria. Therefore, a crucial topic of continuing research is the development of a novel and different treatment for MDR microbial pathogens. This work is introduce an alternative method for elimination of MDR bacterial isolates which are causative agents of urinary tract infection among people in Egypt. In our study, we need a novel strategy to combat MDR bacteria by green-synthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs). That is due to the ability of MNPs to penetrate the cell wall and the cell membrane of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. MethodsClinical isolates of MDR bacteria had their antibiotic susceptibility assessed before being molecularly identified using 16 s rRNA, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Also, genetic profiles of isolated strains were performed using ISSR and SDS-PAGE. Finally, characterized plant-mediated silver nanoparticles derived from lemon and pomegranate peel extracts were evaluated against isolated multidrug-resistant bacterial stains. ResultsIn our present trial, one-hundred urine samples were collected from 71 females and 29 males complaining of UTI (urinary tract infection) symptoms. One-hundred microbial isolates were isolated, including 88-g negative and only 8-g positive bacteria in addition to four yeast isolates (Candida species). A total of 72% of the isolated bacteria showed MDR activity. The most prevalent MDR bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were identified through 16S rDNA PCR sequencing as with accession numbers OP741103, OP741104, OP741105, OP741106, and OP741107, respectively. Lemon and pomegranate-mediated silver nanoparticles [Ag-NPs] were characterized by UV spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, and TEM with average size 32 and 28 nm, respectively. Lemon and pomegranate-mediated silver nanoparticles [Ag-NPs] showed an inhibitory effect on the selected five MDR isolates at MIC 50 and 30 µg/mL, respectively. These common bacterial isolates were also genetically examined using ISSR PCR, and their total protein level was evaluated using SDS-PAGE, showing the presence of distinct genetic and protein bands for each bacterial species and emphasizing their general and protein composition as a crucial and essential tool in understanding and overcoming MDR behavior in UTI patients. ConclusionsLemon and pomegranate-mediated silver nanoparticles [Ag-NPs] were found to have an inhibitory effect on MDR isolates. Therefore, the study suggests that [Ag-NPs] could be a potential treatment for MDR UTI infections caused by the identified bacterial species.

Digging into lives: Christians and Christianity in the Greek papyri from Egypt

Greek papyri recovered from the sands of Egypt represent a precious source of data for early Christianity. Egypt is the land of the earliest Greek translation of books from the Hebrew Bible. The Greek Old Testament or Septuagint was undertaken within the Jewish community of Alexandria from near the middle of the 3rd to the 2nd century BC. Alexandria became the first centre of Christianity in Egypt. Then, the Christian doctrine spread to the villages of the Egyptian chora. Christian papyri mirror this historical context. The earliest Christian papyri are biblical and literary. Besides these, documentary texts offer unique insights into the everyday life and society of Christians in Egypt. Private letters, in particular, reveal the activities and worries of laymen and women, monks and church officials. Papyrological evidence also enlightens the relationship of Christianity with local religious practices. After an overview of the contribution of papyri to our knowledge of early Christianity, this article will focus on documentary specimens dealing with health issues in the form of requests for healing prayers and amulets written on papyrus. Health was, in fact, a common cause for concern and a central aspect of the daily reality of Christian communities.Contribution: This article contributes to shedding light on the role of papyrological evidence in reconstructing the everyday lives of people in Egypt. Christian documentary papyri are particularly illuminating on the day-to-day life of early Christian communities. Their study expands our socio-cultural understanding of aspects – such as healing – that, although important, are poorly known from the literary tradition.

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection in different animal species and human in Egypt during 2020–2021

Coronaviruses cause respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. By the end of 2019, there was an epidemic of novel coronavirus (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronaviruses have a highly mutable genome that makes them genetically and phenotypically modifiable with a potential transmission to new host species. Based on current sequence databases, all human coronaviruses have animal origins, so animals have important roles in virus spillover to humans. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of different animal species in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Egypt. A pan-coronaviruses RT-PCR has been used for detection of possible coronaviruses infection in different species including bats, humans, birds, and dogs in Egypt during the period of November 2020 till June 2021. Ninety-two samples (46 from Rousettus aegyptiacus bats, 10 from human, 26 from wild birds, and 10 from dogs) were screened for SARS-CoV-2. Our results revealed that only human samples were SARS-CoV-2 positive for SARS-CoV-2 while all other animal and bird samples were negative. To recapitulate, our results suggest that animals may not actively transmit SARS-CoV-2 among people in Egypt during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Further structural surveillance and follow up screening for SARS-CoV-2 among domestic and wild animal populations in Egypt is crucially needed.

Exposure to state violence and substance use

We analyze whether exposure to state violence affects substance use at the individual level. In doing so, we bring together the political science and public health literatures on the effects of violence, analyzing an outcome that is neglected in political science and a type of violence that remains understudied in public health. We leverage a unique panel study, the Population Council’s Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE), to test whether rates of substance use are higher among those who were exposed to violence during the country’s 2011 revolution, a moment of intense state violence against civilians. Results demonstrate that direct exposure to state violence increases substance use; respondents exposed to violence are significantly more likely to use drugs, alcohol, and tobacco than those who were not. Our findings are robust to specifications that control for respondents’ reported exposure to state violence prior to the revolution and substance use among family and friends, factors identified in medical research as key predictors. Our study sheds light on a fundamental predicament of authoritarian governance and the downstream effects of state violence.

Measuring Popularity of Nogoum FM Radio Station among Teenagers in Egypt

This Paper discusses the amount of popularity Nogoum FM in Egypt as it always claimed to be No 1 ranked Radio station in Egypt by returning to listener&amp;rsquo;s numbers. To make a good analysis to the future and plans on Nogoum FM the paper investigated the Popularity especially between the young ages (Teenagers) which may have different interests and opinions regarding the radio stations and radio industry as a whole in Egypt. Nogoum FM is the first private radio station since being founded in 2003, and ever since is always said to be the first radio station in terms of listening among people in Egypt after Quran Kareem radio station. What was observed that after the appearance of new radio stations like Mix FM, NRJ and new tech music applications like Anghami and Spotify, Nogoum FM was not on the same solid ground that it was during the previous years despite its efforts to be on track by releasing an application and introducing new generation presenters to give the Radio station the right dosage of youth with balancing its famous presenters, whom it was relied on for a long time. The research studied and took into consideration variables like age, listeners numbers, time and social standard as having major effect on the nowadays popularity of the No1 radio private radio station in Egypt. Tested through questionnaire with sample of targeted age. Literature revealed other variables that had a negative effect on the popularity of Nogoum FM like technology and political stability, yet data collected, and results assured that part of the new variables like Technology effects the new generation, while eliminated other variable like political stability. Finally, paper concluded that Nogoum FM has to give technology the biggest amount of its attention as its most important variable that can affect rest of the variable and will be the main variable for the popularity and the continuity of making Nogoum FM continue to dominate and lead the industry.

Preface

The Military Technical College, sponsored by the Egyptian Ministry of Defense, is honored to organize the ninth International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Physics in the period of March 29 - 31, 2022.The conference provides a valuable opportunity to all the research people in Egypt and all over the world to exchange and update their knowledge in the designated fields of interestList of Conference Committee, Contributors, Conference Program, Location of Conference Rooms, Part I: Scientific Sessions, Part II: Keynotes, Workshops and Seminars, Authors Index and Reviewers are available in this pdf.

Contemporary Islamic Political Dynamics Arabic Republic of Egypt

This article aims to describe the dynamics and contestation of Egyptian Islamic politics. The Islamic political movement carried out by a group of people in Egypt has changed the streets of existing democracy with the emergence of coups and assassinations that occurred in the Anwar Sadat era. It was a form of turmoil that occurred. This condition continued until the emergence of the Arab Spring in 2011. From all the dimensions that exist in Egypt, the root of all the turmoil is the unresolved religious and political problems that have made Egypt transform into a stagnant country until now. This study also shows that there is a transformation of Egyptian radicalism that has penetrated in all lines which hinders the progress of Egyptian democracy in which the mosques and campuses are used as the basis of radicalism so that they can influence the public's interest. This research is also supported by literature sources from books, journals, and comprehensive research. As for the results obtained from this article, namely the emergence of identity politics that occurred in Egypt due to the emergence of radical Islam, which had a major influence on Egyptian society, then the emergence of an authoritarian military system gave dissatisfaction to the Egyptian people in living as a state, resulting in destabilization between the democratic system and society globally

Effectiveness of Quadriceps Exercises on Knee Pain and Muscle Strength among Elderly People in Egypt

Effectiveness of Quadriceps Exercises on Knee Pain and Muscle Strength among Elderly People in Egypt

Co-Constructing Digital Archiving Practices for Community Heritage Preservation in Egypt and Iraq

AbstractWe document cultural heritage to preserve cultural heritage, to ensure its survival by pushing back against the entropic forces of forgetting and neglect. These entropic forces are particularly acute for intangible cultural heritage preserved in digital form and produced in fragile and conflict-affected settings. And whilst professionals from across the “memory” professions have responded to these challenges, based on our experience of development work with young people in Egypt and Iraq, they have done so in ways that are ill-suited to the worldviews, cultural practices, educational experience and learning models of those outside centres of archival power. This paper describes the delivery of “digital archiving” workshops, training, support and resources developed by an interdisciplinary and multi-sectoral collective of academics, practitioners, community leaders and community participants. Working at the intersection of development studies, heritage management and digital preservation, this paper argues that cultural heritage practices are enriched by foregrounding particular place-based and contingent activities that productively peel back the provincialism of the canons of enlightenment memory work.

Preface

The Military Technical College, sponsored by the Egyptian Ministry of Defense, is honored to organize the ninth International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Physics in the period of July 7-9, 2020. The conference provides a valuable opportunity to all the research people in Egypt and all over the world to exchange and update their knowledge in the designated fields of interest The papers accepted by the scientific committee were presented during the conference period in 3 sessions. The conference proceedings include only the full text papers, which were presented during the conference and approved by the respective session boards. Accepted papers are arranged in 3 sessions in the following scientific branches: Engineering Mathematics, this includes: • Numerical Analysis, • Mathematical Analysis. • Probability and Statistics. • Fuzzy Mathematics • Optimization Engineering Physics, this includes: • Applied Optics & Holographic Techniques. • Generation of High Power Laser & Simulation. • Lasers and its applications in medicine. • Laser – Material or Biological Tissue Interaction. • Nanoparticles Technology. List of Conference High Committee, Conference Steering Committee, Conference Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee, Contributors, Authors Index, 001_ ICMEP-10, 002_ ICMEP-10, 003_ ICMEP-10, 004_ ICMEP-10, 005_ ICMEP-10, 006_ ICMEP-10 are available in this pdf.

The Impact of Reminiscence Program on Depressive Symptoms, Loneliness &amp; Quality of Life among Elderly People, Egypt

Background: The proportion of the elderly population is increasing with continuous medical progress worldwide. Elderly people often suffer both physiological and psychological illness. Reminiscence program is useful to reduce some psychological problem and assist the elderly to adapt aging process consequences. This study aims to assess the impact of reminiscence program on depressive symptoms, feeling of loneliness and quality of life among elderly people in Egypt. Subjects: study was carried out on 45 institutionalized elderly to assess the tools used clarity and applicability. Setting: Our study was conducted at Dar El-mohafza geriatric home at El-Sharkia governorate. Tools for data collection: A structured questionnaire include: personal data, geriatric depression scale, loneliness scale and quality of life scale was used. Results: Our results revealed that the mean depression score decreased from a pre-intervention level to a post-intervention level and this improvement was highly statistically significant. Also, we observed a statistically insignificant correlation between participants’ scores of depressive symptoms and loneliness score after intervention. Conclusion: Our study concluded that application of reminiscence program for elderly had a positive impact on reducing the depressive symptoms and loneliness level and consequently improving the quality of life among elderly. Recommendation: We recommend that elderly people should be involved in varied reminiscence activities in different caring homes.

Social policy inclusion and the disabled people in Egypt from 2014 till 2020

Social policy inclusion and the disabled people in Egypt from 2014 till 2020

Between Hope and Despair: Egypt's Revolution and Migration Intentions

We study the effect of the 2011 Egyptian revolution and its aftermath on migration intentions of the Egyptian youth. We measure revolution intensity using the spacial variation in the number of deaths during the revolution from the Statistical Database of the Egyptian Revolution Wikithawra and combine it with data on migration intentions from the Harmonized Survey of Young People in Egypt (HSYPE). Difference-in-difference estimations show that the revolution significantly decreased the migration intentions of youth, especially young men. Single women did not change their migration intentions, mainly due to their financial dependence. Results also show that the youth living in informal slum areas experienced stronger effects. We describe two opposing channels: the insecurity channel, which positively affects migration intentions, and the optimism channel, which negatively affects migration intentions by inducing hope in a better Egyptian future. Youth in rural and slum areas were more sensitive to the optimism channel, due to their higher threshold of insecurity perception.

Screening of HIV and identifying risk factors among premedical students, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt

Background and aim: HIV is a global public health problem. Many people in Egypt are afraid to get tested for HIV so the real situation remains unknown. The aim of this article was to determine HIV status and HIV related risk factor among Egyptian premedical students. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data to identify HIV related risk factor beside serosurvey to detect HIV antibodies among 737 from a total of 1123 pre medical students in Kafr El Sheikh University (KFU) who agreed to participate in the study. Results: The mean age of screened students was 18 ± 0.26 years. In total, 333 (45.2%) were males and 403 (54.8%) were females. Using HIV antibody testing; we did not find any positive HIV cases in our study. (7.5%) underwent any surgical procedure, (0.4%) received blood or blood product transfusions, and (0.1%) shared needle or syringe with others. While (42.8%) shared scissors, razors, and nail clippers with others and (57.3%) went ever to the dentist but none of them had any sexual relationships or HIV patient within the family. Conclusion: We detected no cases of HIV or risky behaviors among Egyptian premedical students.

The Migration Intentions of Young Egyptians

This study examines the migration intentions of young people in Egypt before and after the 2011 revolution, driven by three sets of factors: (1) individual demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, (2) household characteristics, and (3) community characteristics and political and civic participation. Logistic regression models are applied to study the determinants of intentions to live, study, or work abroad among young Egyptians (defined as individuals aged 18 to 29), using data from the Survey of Young People in Egypt (SYPE) conducted in 2009 (N = 8488) and in 2014 (N = 5885). The surveys are nationally representative, covering all governorates in Egypt. The analysis indicates that respondents’ age, gender, marital status, and employment status play a significant role in shaping migration intentions. After the 2011 revolution, the effects are dependent upon economic and institutional conditions. The employment status affects the migration intention of young people in 2009; but the effects become insignificant in 2014. Moreover, respondents who have participated in political and voluntary activities are more likely to express migration intentions. Pollution levels in the community are also positively correlated with the intention to migrate. The results indicate that those who expressed migration intentions are a selective group in terms of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Our findings have policy relevance because knowledge and understanding of migration intentions and their determinants can be used to assess and develop scenarios about future migration.