Pentagonal Patch Antenna Research Articles

Modified pentagonal fractal antenna for ultra-wideband applications in communication systems

ABSTRACT Due to the recent expansion in the generations of the communications systems, it is utmost priority to transmit a large amount of data over a wideband frequency spectrum. For this single ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas are the prime choice as compared to the multiple narrow band antennas. A modified pentagonal fractal patch antenna with a modified ground plane covering ultra-wideband has been proposed. The antenna has a compact size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm with peak gain of 2.2 dB. The UWB coverage of the design is achieved by implementing modified co-planar ground, modified fractal geometry and coplanar feed. The proposed design possesses the significant resonance and radiation performance with very compact size on low-cost substrate while covering the whole UWB. Finally, the simulated resonating and radiation characteristics have been validated with the measured characteristics of the fabricated prototype and the results are quite promising.

PENTAGONAL MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABILITY USING PIN DIODE FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS

This study presents a design for a frequency-reconfigurable pentagonal patch antenna for wireless networks, operating at 10 different frequencies by utilizing the switching states of PIN diodes. The size of our proposed antenna is 26.31 × 20.24 × 1.5 mm<sup>3</sup>. The insertion of four PIN diodes in the patch offers frequencies of 3.5 and 5.81 GHz in M1 mode, 2.438, 5.855, and 7.805 GHz in M2 mode, 2.715, 4.775, and 6.305 GHz in M3 mode, and 4.7375 and 6.2975 GHz in M4 mode. Therefore, the suggested design accommodates various applications as well as 4G/5G bands, WiFi, WiFi 6E, ISM band, radar, radio relay systems and communication systems, etc. This design shows good return loss across all resonant frequencies. Additionally, the structure shows satisfactory performance in terms of gain, directivity, VSWR, and bandwidth.

A Pentagonal Shaped Microstrip Planar Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Ultrawideband Applications

A new compact pentagonal microstrip patch antenna with slotted ground plane structure, developed for use in ultrawideband applications, is studied in this article. The proposed antenna is mainly constituted by a pentagonal shaped patch antenna, a defected ground plane structure, two stubs, and four slots to improve the bandwidth. The designed antenna has an overall dimension of 30 × 17.59 × 1.6 mm3, for WIMAX/WLAN/WiFi/HIPERLAN-2 /Bluetooth/LTE/5G applications with a very large bandwidth starting from 2.66 to 10.82 GHz (S11 < − 6 dB). A parametric study of the ground plane structure was carried out to find the final and the optimal UWB antenna, and to confirm that the antenna has good performance and broader bandwidth. The proposed antenna prototype has been fabricated. The measured results indicate that the antenna has a good impedance matching. The antenna has an electrically small dimension with a good gain, a notable efficiency, and a wide impedance bandwidth, which makes this antenna an excellent candidate for ultrawideband wireless communication, microwave imaging, radar applications, and the major part of the mobile phone frequencies as well.

A novel design of circularly polarized pentagonal planar antenna for ISM band applications

This paper presents a new circular polarized micro-strip antenna with a pentagonal shape radiator. The proposed antenna is designed to operate in the industrial scientific medical (ISM) band at the frequency of 2.45GHz for Wireless applications. The antenna consists of a radiating pentagon patch with appropriate dimensions on the upper side of a dielectric substrate and a defective ground structure (DGS) on the other side. The pentagon patch is fed through a 50Ω microstrip line. The structure is implemented on an FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4, loss tangent equal to 0.025 and thickness 1.58 mm. The antenna is designed and simulated by using advanced design system (ADS) electromagnetic solver and the achieved results are validated by using another electromagnetic solver. The simulation results indicate that the designed circularly polarized (CP) pentagonal microstrip patch antenna gives good results in terms of the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and, axial ratio of 1.025 at 2.45 GHz.

Fabrication Of Ultra-Wideband Antenna Array

In the realm of communication structures today, one of the key platforms of study is wireless technology. The learning of messaging schemes is inadequate without an understanding of fabrication of antennas and its operation. ultra-wide band antennas are generally utilized because of their ultra-wide range of frequency, less energy broadcast level, safe, protected, and consistent message results in current communication devices over traditional antenna. Trio Ultra-Wideband antennae are considered for designing. Solo pentagonal patch antenna is the first designed antenna. Twofold pentagon patches with each consuming distinct feed designed to refuge the bandwidth of occurrence from 6.25 GHz to 39.5 GHz is the second proposed UWB antenna. The UWB ability of antenna is accomplished with the support of collection of pentagonal antennae. The virtual outcomes provide loss of energy reflected lesser than -10dBi over the complete series. The twofold pentagon squares but with a mutual feed considered to cover the range of frequencies of 8 GHz to 12.5 GHZ is the third proposed antenna. The loss of power in the signal returned is lesser than -15.2 dBi compared to the whole series attainment of -41 dBi at 10.6 GHz and 12.5 GHz is conquered.

Design and Performance Investigation of Miniaturized Multi‐Wideband Patch Antenna for Multiple Terahertz Applications

In this paper, a highly efficient multiband optimized slotted pentagonal terahertz patch antenna and its 2 × 2 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) planar array is proposed for multiple terahertz (THz) applications like high-speed indoor communications, explosive detections, arms detection, medical imaging, pharmaceutical analysis, and industrial inspections, etc. Here, the proposed patch antenna is developed from the simple rectangular patch antenna (SRPA) by optimizing the shape of radiating patch and ground plane. Such proposed antenna is designed on the transparent polyimide substrate material having a dielectric constant of ℇr = 3.5 and thickness 21.5 µm. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to enhance the performance parameters of proposed antenna. The performance parameters like reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, radiation pattern, and antenna efficiency are computed at the resonating frequencies of proposed antenna. It covers wide bandwidth, which resonates at 3.00 THz, 4.85 THz, 7.02 THz, 8.87 THz, 9.43 THz, and 10.785 THz frequencies having reflection coefficient less than −10 dB. It is also noted that as compared to early reported THz antennas, it has achieved a maximum gain of 13.92 dB and radiation efficiency of 85.77% within the resonating band. Also, a 2 × 2 MIMO antenna array is designed using an optimized antenna element for more effective terahertz communication. The performance of such MIMO array is computed in terms of the transmission coefficient, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and Mean effective gain. It has achieved <−15 dB isolation between the antenna elements. The proposed antenna could be a successful choice for multiple terahertz applications.

Generating the dual‐band and multimode OAM by irregular pentagonal patch antenna array

This Letter presents an irregular pentagonal patch array antenna with a multilayer structure for dual-band and multimode orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation. An irregular pentagonal patch antenna with U-shaped slots resonating at different frequencies is designed as the array's element. The proposed antenna array consists of two uniform circular microstrip antenna arrays and two phase-shifting feeding networks. It can be used to generate OAM mode l = − 1, 1 at 3 GHz and OAM mode l = −2, 2 at 6 GHz. The simulated near-field phase distributions images of different OAM modes are obtained, which have verified the OAM generation. This proposed array antenna has the possibility to generate a total of six different OAMs in three frequency bands, by changing the number of array elements and optimising the irregular pentagonal patch antenna. This design may provide a new idea for the generation multimode vortex electromagnetic wave.

A Wideband Pentagonal Patch Antenna with Rectangular Slots for Wireless Applications

In this research paper, a pentagonal patch antenna has been designed on the 1.6 mm thick FR4 substrate material with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a size of 66 x 55 mm2. To achieve the wideband characteristics, the rectangular slots are introduced along the 4 sides of the pentagon and the partial ground plane is used of size 20 x 55 mm2. The antenna is designed and simulated in the CADFEKO software using a line feed technique. The proposed antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 1.875 GHz with 3 resonant frequencies 1.7 GHz, 2.74 GHz & 3.259 GHz. The maximum gain for the proposed antenna is 8 dBi, reflection coefficient less than -10 dB and VSWR values are in the standard range. The proposed antenna design can be used for Digital Communication System (DCS 1800), Personal Communication System (PCS 1900), Wireless Broadband (WiBro 2300), Long Term Evolution (LTE 2300, LTE 2500), Bluetooth, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN IEEE 802.1 b/g), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM 2.4) applications.

Design and analysis of advanced microstrip patch antenna for endoscopic capsules

A number of microstrip patch antennas are designed to function as wireless endoscopy capsules. Antennas are very crucial to these capsules which are used for inspection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Wireless capsule endoscopy is one of the best options for exploring areas of the small intestine that are inaccessible. The microstrip patch antennas designed in this paper include: a square spiral slotted microstrip patch antenna for small bowel tumor detection, a small spiral patch antenna for high speed and high efficient endoscopic capsules and two low profile truncated pentagonal microstrip patch antennas for UWB range—all designed in FEKO software, and intended to function inside endoscopy capsules. Return loss characteristics, VSWR, impedance values, and specific absorption rate (SAR) computations are performed and analyzed for each antenna. SAR value is calculated in the skin and muscle of the phantom. All the designed antennas will fit into the endoscopic capsule of standard size of 11 mm in diameter and 26 mm in length. Finally, the best patch antenna which is found to work most effectively within the capsule is determined. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1762–1767, 2016

Effects of Superstrate on Electromagnetically and Gap Coupled Patch Antennas

In this paper the effects of water loading (termed as superstrate) on the characteristics of an electromagnetically (EM) and coupled pentagonal patch antennas operating in the ISM band have been described. The proposed antenna structures are analyzed using HFSS and the influence of the superstrate on resonant frequency, bandwidth, VSWR and radiation characteristics have also been analyzed. The obtained results also reveal that a larger bandwidth can be found in case the dielectric substrate is separated by air gap spacing. In addition, though impedance matching is little deteriorated due to loading, however the operating frequency band (BW) shifted to lower side significantly.

Dielectric Loading on Multi-Band Behaviors of Pentagonal Fractal Patch Antennas

This paper describes the multiband behaviour as well as the response for dielectric loading of a pentagonal fractal patch antenna designed at frequency f = 2.45 GHz. The proposed antenna shape has been obtained by introducing slots in a pentagonal patch antenna up to second iteration. Detailed design steps and results of the designs are studied and investigated in this paper. Simulated and measured results reveal that the antenna will be operated at three different frequency bands—2.17 GHz, 3.56 GHz, and 7.93 GHz with acceptable performances (i.e. VSWR < 2). The measured results for the antennas are in good agreement with simulated results. The proposed antenna maintains good radiation pattern with gain. However dielectric loading increases its radiation efficiency at the cost of significant decrease in gain and directivity.

Analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antennas using the Sommerfeld formulation

AbstractTriangular patch modeling is used for analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antennas over a single lossy dielectric medium. Since the Sommerfeld formulation is used, both the single dielectric layer (over which the microstrip patch is located) and the ground plane are considered to be infinitely wide. Typical numerical results are presented for rectangular, circular, semicircular, pentagonal, and triangular patch antennas. © 1992 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.