Design and Performance Investigation of Miniaturized Multi‐Wideband Patch Antenna for Multiple Terahertz Applications

Abstract

In this paper, a highly efficient multiband optimized slotted pentagonal terahertz patch antenna and its 2 × 2 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) planar array is proposed for multiple terahertz (THz) applications like high-speed indoor communications, explosive detections, arms detection, medical imaging, pharmaceutical analysis, and industrial inspections, etc. Here, the proposed patch antenna is developed from the simple rectangular patch antenna (SRPA) by optimizing the shape of radiating patch and ground plane. Such proposed antenna is designed on the transparent polyimide substrate material having a dielectric constant of ℇr = 3.5 and thickness 21.5 µm. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is used to enhance the performance parameters of proposed antenna. The performance parameters like reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, radiation pattern, and antenna efficiency are computed at the resonating frequencies of proposed antenna. It covers wide bandwidth, which resonates at 3.00 THz, 4.85 THz, 7.02 THz, 8.87 THz, 9.43 THz, and 10.785 THz frequencies having reflection coefficient less than −10 dB. It is also noted that as compared to early reported THz antennas, it has achieved a maximum gain of 13.92 dB and radiation efficiency of 85.77% within the resonating band. Also, a 2 × 2 MIMO antenna array is designed using an optimized antenna element for more effective terahertz communication. The performance of such MIMO array is computed in terms of the transmission coefficient, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and Mean effective gain. It has achieved <−15 dB isolation between the antenna elements. The proposed antenna could be a successful choice for multiple terahertz applications.