Pentadecenoic Acid Research Articles

Evaluation of seed oil from Hura crepitans, Trichosanthes cucumerina and Thevetia nerifolia

The oil contents and fatty acid composition of three non-edible seed oils extracted using Soxhlet extraction with hexane as the solvent were presented. The physical and chemical properties of the oils were determined from which cetane number, biofuel potential, higher heating values, and antimicrobial activities were assessed. The dominant fatty acids were 49 % linoleic acid, 37 % pentadecenoic acid, and 38 % cis-10-heptadecenenoic acid for Hura crepitans (HC), Thevetia nerifolia (TN) and Trichosanthes cucumerina (TC), respectively. The seed oils were majorly unsaturated, with HC having the highest degree of unsaturation. Acid value, saponification value, iodine value, and free fatty acids were low compared to many reported values in literature. The cetane values were generally high because the oils have a reasonable amount of saturated fatty acid, with TN having the highest cetane number. The low iodine value and saponification value make the biofuel potential and higher heating value to be high with TN having the highest in both and thus the best seed oil for biofuel. However, TN and HC have no antimicrobial activity to Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram -ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve), Escherichia coli (gram -ve), Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida albican, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium Solani, Aspergillus flavus and Candida tropicalis, while TC has broad spectrum of activity against all tested bacteria and fungi, except Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Exploring the Antibiotic Production Potential of Heterotrophic Bacterial Communities Isolated from the Marine Sponges Crateromorpha meyeri, Pseudaxinella reticulata, Farrea similaris, and Caulophacus arcticus through Synergistic Metabolomic and Genomic Analyses.

The discovery of novel secondary metabolites is actively being pursued in new ecosystems. Sponge-associated bacteria have been in the limelight in recent years on account of their ability to produce bioactive compounds. In this study, heterotrophic bacteria associated with four sponge species were isolated, taxonomically identified, and subjected to screening for the production of bioactive entities against a panel of nine microorganisms, including Gram-positive and negative bacteria, as well as yeast and fungi. Of the 105 isolated strains, 66% were represented by Proteobacteria, 16% by Bacteriodetes, 7% by Actinobacteria, and 11% by Firmicutes. Bioactivity screening revealed that 40% of the total isolated strains showed antimicrobial activity against one or more of the target microorganisms tested. Further, active extracts from selective species were narrowed down by bioassay-guided fractionation and subsequently identified by HR-ESI-MS analyses to locate the active peaks. Presumably responsible compounds for the observed bioactivities were identified as pentadecenoic acid, oleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. One isolate, Qipengyuania pacifica NZ-96T, based on 16S rRNA novelty, was subjected to comparative metabolic reconstruction analysis with its closest phylogenetic neighbors, revealing 79 unique functional roles in the novel isolate. In addition, genome mining of Qipengyuania pacifica NZ-96T revealed three biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of terpene, beta lactone, lasso peptide, and hserlactone secondary metabolites. Our results demonstrate the ability to target the sponge microbiome as a potential source of novel microbial life with biotechnological potential.

Amyloid fibril formation by casein and fatty acid composition in breast milk of mastitis patients.

Mastitis can cause changes in the nutrient composition of breast milk, which may be harmful to both newborns and lactating mothers. In this study we preliminarily evaluated amyloid fibrils formation by casein and fatty acids (FA), as well as their potential relation with each other in the breast milk of mastitis patients. Six healthy volunteers and six mastitis patients were recruited from the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Changchun were enrolled. Amyloid fibril content was assessed by thioflavin T fluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscope, circular dichroism, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. FA contents were measured by gas chromatography. Healthy breast milk contained no amyloid fibrils but inflammatory breast milk did. Several FAs (hendecanoic acid, myristolenic acid, pentadecenoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid) differed significantly between the two groups (p < .05). The concentrations of the eicosatrienoic acid and eleven carbonic acids in the inflammatory groups were lower than those in the healthy groups, but the myristolenic acid and pentadecenoic acid were the opposite trend. Early detection of amyloid fibrils should be performed in lactating mothers with mastitis. Changes in FAs may reflect the importance of abnormal metabolism in amyloid fibril formation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The work preliminarily clarified the relationship between inflammation, fibril content, and fatty acid (FA) composition in breast milk. Healthy milk contained no amyloid fibril formed by casein but the inflammatory milk did. FAs were also significantly different between the two groups. Thus, an early determination of amyloid fibrils in milk should be considered for lactating women with mastitis to avoid the further malignant development. Additionally, the changes in FAs may reflect the importance of abnormal metabolism and oxidative pathways in amyloid fibril formation in the breast. Therefore, this study provided foundations for further investigation on the association between inflammation, fibril content and FA composition in breast milk.

Relationship between Fusarium Wilt Disease and Fatty Acids Content of Cottonseed

Ten genotypes of cotton were evaluated for resistance to Fusarium wilt cause by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. The genotypes were divided into two groups based on their reactions to the disease. The first group included five susceptible genotypes (9/2017, 32/2017, 58/2017, 63/2017, and 68/2017) and the second group includes the other five resistant genotypes (123/2017,131/2017, 133/2017, 135/2017, and 137/2017). Diseases incidence in the first group ranged from 83.33% to 100%, while it ranged in the second group from 0% to 20%. Cottonseeds of genotypes contained twenty-two distinct fatty acids. Eight fatty acids (archidic, palmitic, stearic, linoleic, linolenic, myrsitic, oleic, and vaccinic) were found in different amounts in all the tested genotypes. Five fatty acids (capric, caprylic, heptadecenoic, pentadeceonic, and tetradecenoic) were found only in the resistant genotypes. Percentage of saturated acids in cottonseed genotypes was 31.719%, while unsaturated acid was 67.001%. Positive significant correlation was found between Fusarium wilt incidence and each of arachidic acid and behenic acid. Negative significant correlation was found between disease incidence and each of heptadecenoic and pentadecenoic acid. Cluster analysis showed that fatty acid profile was unable to differentiate among cotton genotypes based on their reaction to Fusarium wilt. However, fatty acid profiles differentiated among some genotypes regardless of their reactions to Fusarium wilt disease. Therefore, fatty acids could be used in seed purity tests.

Diversity and antiviral potential of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus species and phyto-antiviral principles against tobacco streak virus in cotton

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria arewidely exploited for the management of various fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. However, antiviral action of PGPR and their efficiency have been rarely investigated. In the present study, influential diversity of Bacillus species was related with tobacco streak virus (TSV) infection in cotton. The study revealed that, the population of B. subtilis, B. licheniformis and B. velezensis in rhizosphere of apparently healthy cotton plants were comparatively higher than TSV infected plants, indicating that they efficiently colonized the rhizosphere. Similarly, the population of the endophytic B. cereus and B. licheniformis were relatively higher in apparently healthy than TSV infected cotton plants. In vitro screening of rhizospheric, endophytic Bacillus species and phyto-antiviral principles revealed that rhizospheric B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) and endophytic B. licheniformis (CoEH6) were effective in the suppression of TSV symptoms in indicator host (cowpea). The strain B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) contained ten antimicrobial peptide genes responsible for the biosynthesis of antibiotics including, iturin, bacilysin, bacillomycin, surfactin, subtilin, and subtilosin. Moreover, the strain VB7 is reported to secrete pentadecenoic acid, heptadecenoic acid, octadecenoicacid, pyrrolo, piperazinedione and tetradecenoic acid, which would have together complemented in the antiviral activity. Upon simultaneous inoculation of the bacterium or phyto-antiviral principles with TSV in the indicator host plant, revealed that B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) and M. jalapa were much effective and reduced the number of lesions up to 2.22/leaf and 3.00/leaf respectively compared with TSV inoculated control (25.28 lesions cm−2 area). Further, under field conditions, soil application and foliar spray of the B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) resulted in 52 per cent reduction in TSV incidence. For reference TSV incidence in B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) treated and untreated plots were 21.67 (PDI) and 45 (PDI) respectively. Moreover, B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) improved seed cotton yield upto 149.45 g/plant compared to control (97.71 g/plant). Thus B. amyloliquefaciens (VB7) was exploited as an efficient antagonist for the management of TSV in cotton.

Chemical Characterization from GC-MS Studies of Ethanolic Extract ofMacrotyloma uniflorum

Preliminary Phytochemical screening and GCMS analysis was performed on the seed and leaves formulation of Macrotyloma uniflorum (MUF) to find out the chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, sugars, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The GCMS result revealed the presence of 38 different phytocompounds.viz.. Butyl cyclohexyl-acetat, tert-Butylcyclohexyl acetate, 1-Dodecanamine, N,N-dimet, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dime, n,n-dimethyl-1-pentad, vundecanal, 2-methyl-ethanol, 2(dodecyloxy, allyl-2,8,9-trioxa-5-a, Tetradecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid, Heptadecenoic acid, Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexa, Pentadecenoic Acid, -Heptadecenoic acid, ethanol, 2-(dodecyloxy), Diethylene glycol monododecyl, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 1,3,12-Nonadecatriene-5, Pentadecenoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Methyl 17methyl-octadecano hexatriacontane and 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraenoic acid. The presence of various bioactive compounds confirms the application of MUF formulation for various diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, urinary discharges and for treatment of kidney stones. However, isolation of individual Phytochemical constituents may proceed to find a novel drug.

Abstract 112: Targeted Metabolomics Profiling of Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support

Metabolomics investigations hold promise for the characterization of small molecules, metabolites, which govern the ultimate manifestation of cardiac phenotypes. In this study, we employed a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach to identify metabolic marker(s), which dynamically reflect the cardiac performance of heart failure patients amid the implantation of mechanical circulatory support. Using the MRM-based and triple quadrupole technology platform, we have quantified 266 metabolites native to human plasma and collected from thirteen heart failure patients. The temporal profile of these metabolites was sampled from 1 day prior to the implantation of mechanical circulatory support, as well as 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-day following their surgical interventions. We identified subgroups of these metabolites with coordinated behaviors that are interesting to their diseased phenotypes. In a pair-wise correlation analysis, 36.8% (98 out of 266) of metabolites were significantly correlated. Intriguingly, majority of which (65 out of 98) are representing the functional groups of phosphatidylcholines; several of them are known to have close associations with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, there are 33 metabolites contributing to multiple functional groups, including twelve of them belong to sphingomyelines, ten of them in the family of lysophosphatidylcholines, eight amino acids (Gln, Ser, Ala, His, Lys, Gly, Thr, and Arg), as well as three fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid, pentadecenoic acid, and heptadecenoic acid). The behaviors of these 266 metabolites have constituted individualized metabolic fingerprints. Delineation of the intrinsic relationships among alterations in distinct metabolite groups and their reflected cardiac function will enable us to identify new metabolic markers aiding stratification and/or prediction on the clinical outcome of each individual patient undergoing the treatment of mechanical circulatory support. This personalized metabolic fingerprint will offer unique prognostic utilities, supporting clinical decision-making process to deliver intervention that is most effective and beneficial to an individual.

Changes in the quality of goat meat in the production of smoked ham

The quality of fresh goat meat can be defined strictly in terms of physical and chemical properties, or in terms of consumer perception. In Serbia, there is not enough information about the quality of goat meat and goat meat products, such as smoked ham. The aim of this study was to determine differences in the basic chemical composition, colour, fatty acids composition, volatile compounds in fresh meat and smoked ham (musculus gluteus superficialis). The meat was obtained from the population of Serbian White goat, five or six years old. ISO methods were implemented in order to determine the quality of these parameters. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was determined between values of protein, fat, moisture, ash, pH value, fatty acids and volatile compounds determined in fresh meat and finished product (smoked ham). It is assumed that the complex chemical and biochemical processes occurring during production (growing, curing, smoking, drying) resulted in statistically significant differences between the quality parameters in fresh meat and smoked ham. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the values of capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, pentadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, heptadecanoic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidic acid and gadoleic acid identified in the thigh meat prepared for curing and smoking in compared to value of the fatty acids identified in the final product (smoked ham).

한우육의 성분조성에 미치는 인진쑥 TMR 사료 급여 영향

본 연구에서는 제주도에서 자라는 인진쑥을 일정량 첨가한 TMR 사료를 개발하여, 이를 제주 한우에게 급여한 경우, 인진쑥의 급여가 한우등심의 성분조성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였으며, 그 결과로 고급화된 기능성 한우의 생산 가능성을 검토하였다. 대조군(control)은 인진쑥을 혼합하지 않은 비육우 사료를 급여하였고, 급여군(treatment)은 인진쑥을 혼합한 비육우 사료를 급여하였다. 한우등심의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분 함량, 열량, 콜레스테롤 및 콜라겐은 인진쑥 급여에 의한 영향이 없었다. 무기질 함량은 대조군 및 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 총무기질 함량은 대조군 및 급여군이 각각 3,559.20 및 3,998.01 ppm으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 비타민 <TEX>$B_1$</TEX> 및 <TEX>$B_2$</TEX>함량은 대조군 및 급여군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 구성아미노산 총량은 대조군 및 급여군이 각각 14.56% 및 13.90%로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 유리아미노산 총량은 대조군(763.06 ppm)과 급여군(720.92 ppm) 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 포화지방산은 대조군 및 급여군이 각각 42.956% 및 40.918%이고, 불포화지방산은 각각 57.043% 및 59.083%이었다. 인진쑥을 급여한 한우등심에서 유의하게 증가한 지방산은 myristic acid, myristoleic acid, pentadecenoic acid, palmitic acid 및 <TEX>${\gamma}$</TEX>-linolenic acid이었으며, 급여하지 않은 한우등심에서 많이 함유된 지방산은 arachidic acid이었다(p<0.05). TMR feed developed by adding mugwort originating from Jeju Island,was fed to Hanwoo to investigate the effects of feeding mugwort on nutritional composition, as well as the feasibility of producing Hanwoo beef with high quality and functionality. The samples for the experiment consisted of Hanwoo fed fattening cattle TMR feed without mugwort (control), and Hanwoo fed fattening cattle TMR feed with added mugwort (treatment). Feeding mugwort did not lead to a significant difference in the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calorie, cholesterol, and collagen contents. There was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in mineral components. The control and treatment groups had total mineral amounts of 3,559.20 and 3,998.01 ppm, respectively. The total amount of structural amino acids did not show any significant difference between the control (14.56%) and treatment groups (13.90%). The total amount of free amino acids did not show any significant difference between the control (763.044 ppm) and treatment groups (720.885 ppm). The composition of saturated fatty acids was 42.956% for the control and 40.918% for the treatment group. Further, the composition of unsaturated fatty acids was 57.044% for the control and 59.082% for the treatment group. Myristic acid, myristoleic acid, pentadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, and <TEX>${\gamma}$</TEX>-linolenic acid were increased by feeding mugwort. Arachidic acid was contained the most among the fatty acid of Hanwoo fed feed without mugwort (p<0.05).

Methyl-Branched Fatty Acids, Inhibitors of Enoyl-ACP Reductase with Antibacterial Activity from Streptomyces sp. A251

Bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) has been demonstrated to be a novel antibacterial target. In the course of our screening for FabI inhibitors we isolated two methyl-branched fatty acids from Streptomyces sp. A251. They were identified as 14-methyl-9(Z)-pentadecenoic acid and 15-methyl-9(Z)-hexadecenoic acid by MS and NMR spectral data. These compounds inhibited Staphylococcus aureus FabI with IC50 of 16.0 and 16.3mu M, respectively, while didn't affect FabK, an enoyl-ACP reductase of Streptococcus pneumonia, at 100muM. Consistent with their selective inhibition for FabI, they blocked intracellular fatty acid synthesis as well as the growth of S. aureus, while didn't inhibit the growth of S. pneumonia. Additionally, these compounds showed reduced antibacterial activity against fabI-overexpressing S. aureus compared to the wild-type strain. These results demonstrate that the methyl-branched fatty acids showed antibacterial activity by inhibiting FabI in vivo.

Essential Oil of Eaglewood Tree: a Product of Pathogenesis

The essential oil of eaglewood tree (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.) has been considered to be a pathological product. An investigation was carried out to study the difference in composition of oils obtained from healthy, naturally infected and artificially inoculated eaglewood using GC and GC/MS analyses. This investigation showed a marked difference in the oil compositions among the treatments with regards to their quality. Valerianol (3.0%) and tetradec-anioc acid (7.1%) contents were recorded higher in the oils of naturally infected plants than in that of healthy ones (0.1% and 6.9%, respectively). Pentadecenoic acid was totally absent in the oils of healthy, whereas it was found in a greater amount (6.8%) in the oil of naturally infected plants. In contrast, dodecanoic acid (3.1%), pentadecanoic acid (6.2%), hexadecanoic acid (31.5%) and octadecanoic acid (4.1%) were found in a higher amount in the oils of healthy plants, while the oils obtained from naturally infected plants contained lower amounts of these components (2.5%, 4.8%, 20.0% and 1.0%, respectively). The oils obtained from the inoculated plants showed almost similar distribution of the components with healthy plants.

Comparison of two kinds of pumpkin seed oils obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction

AbstractThe oils from two kinds of pumpkin seeds, black and white ones, were extracted by supercritical CO2 (SC‐CO2). The technological variables for SC‐CO2 extraction were optimized and the resulting oils were analyzed by GC‐MS. As a result, the optimal conditions for SC‐CO2 extraction were as follows: 25∼30 MPa, 45 °C, SC‐CO2 flow rate of 30∼40 kg/h. The main compounds in the resulting oils were 9,12‐octadecadienoic acid, 9‐octadecenoic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid for both types of pumpkin seeds, however, the black seed oil contains more unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) than the white seed oil. On the other hand, some compounds including heptadecanoic acid (0.27%), tetracosanic acid (0.1%), 9‐dodecaenoic acid (0.45%) and pentadecenoic acid (0.05%) were found in white seed oil but not in black seed oil; while eicosanic acid (0.05%), 11,14‐eicosadienoic acid (0.2%), 11‐octadecenoic acid (0.06%), 7‐hexadecenoic acid (0.02%) and 1,12‐tridecadiene (0.02%) were only found in black seed oil.

Identification of Some New Minor Acids from Chicken Skin Lipids

Lipids from the skin of commercially processed broilers were extracted by Folch’s technique and analyzed for fatty acids as their methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography/mass pectrometry. Of the 24 fatty acids, identified, 5 had not been previously identified in either total chicken skin lipids or skin lipid fractions. They are: pentadecenoic acid (15:1), heptadecenoic acid (17:1), arachidic acid (20:0), heneicosanoic acid (21:0), and erucic acid (22:1).

Indentification and Localization of the Fatty Acids in Haemophilus parainfluenzae

Haemophilus parainfluenzae was capable of synthesizing 22 fatty acids. These fatty acids were equivalent to 4% of the bacterial dry weight. These fatty acids were localized in the membrane-wall complex, which contained the respiratory pigments, the quinone, and the phospholipids. The fatty acids which could be extracted with organic solvents comprised 86% of the total fatty acids of the cell. These fatty acids were distributed as 98% in the phospholipids and 1.9% in the neutral lipids, of which 0.5% were free fatty acids. Palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and vaccenic acids comprised 72% of the total fatty acids and were found almost exclusively in the phospholipids. The phospholipids also contained the cyclopropane fatty acids. The neutral lipids contained significant proportions of the odd-numbered branched and straight-chain fatty acids. The principal free fatty acids were n-dodecanoic and pentadecenoic acids. The nonextractable wall complex contained 14% of the total fatty acids. These wall fatty acids were rendered soluble only after saponification. The wall fraction contained all of the beta-hydroxymyristic acid and most of the myristoleic and pentadecenoic acids. The significance of the distribution of fatty acids between nonesterified, neutral lipid, phospholipid, and nonextractible wall remains to be determined.