Penitentiary Facilities Research Articles

Departments and treatment groups at penitentiary facilities in Serbia and evaluation of prison life quality

Departments and treatment groups at penitentiary facilities in Serbia and evaluation of prison life quality

Event detection system for the penitentiary institutions using multimodal data and deep networks

The aim of the paper is to present the distributed system for the unwanted event detection regarding inmates in the closed penitentiary facilities. The system processes large number of data streams from IP cameras (up to 180) and performs the event detection using Deep Learning neural networks. Both audio and video streams are processed to produce the classification outcome. The application-specific data set has been prepared for training the neural models. For the particular event types 3DCNN and YOLO architectures have been used. The system was thoroughly tested both in the laboratory conditions and in the actual facility. Accuracy of the particular event detection is on the satisfactory level, though problems with the particular events have been reported and will be dealt with in the future.

Planning and development of an antimicrobial stewardship program in penitentiary facilities: strategies to optimize therapeutic prescribing and reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance.

In correctional facilities, due to the high incidence of bacterial infections, antibiotics are widely prescribed. As a result, it may occur a massive and improper use of antibiotics, which promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, in literature, specific experiences, interventions or guidelines aimed to optimize their prescription within prisons are sporadic. In an Italian hospital where belong patients from four penitentiary institutions, a multidisciplinary team has implemented an antimicrobial stewardship project. The aim of the project was to reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance in penitentiary institutions by optimizing and rationalizing antibiotic prescribing. Following the analysis of microbiological prevalence and antibiotic consumption data within correctional facilities, the Antimicrobial Stewardship Team developed operational tools to support prison healthcare staff to manage properly antibiotic therapies. The analysis showed a gradual increase in antibiotic resistance: in 2021 the prevalence of resistant microorganisms was 1.75%, four times higher than in 2019. In contrast, between 2019 and 2021, antibiotic consumption decreased by 24%. Based on consumption data, pharmacy has drafted an antibiotic formulary for correctional facilities, supplemented with guidelines and data sheets, and also developed a prescription form for critical antibiotics. Results showed an increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance within prisons, highlighting the need to establish a dedicated antimicrobial stewardship program. This project may impact positively not only on prisoners, but also for the entire community, as prisons can be considered as places of health education and promotion.

Some issues of law enforcement support for the investigation of official crimes committed during construction of penitentiary facilities

Some issues of law enforcement support for the investigation of official crimes committed during construction of penitentiary facilities

ПЕНІТЕНЦІАРНІ ЗАСАДИ ВИКОНАННЯ СУДОВИХ РІШЕНЬ ЩОДО ЗАСУДЖЕНИХ В УКРАЇНІ

The article emphasizes that the penitentiary principles of execution of court decisions against convicted persons in Ukraine are complex multifactorial processes regulated by the Criminal and Executive Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine on Probation, and other regulatory legal acts. On the other hand, the legal definition of penitentiary principles for the execution of court decisions regarding convicts in Ukraine is not established, which in a certain way causes a scientific debate among domestic scientists. Revealing the content of the penitentiary principles for the execution of court decisions against convicted persons in Ukraine, it has been proven that the actualization of the further development of the domestic criminal enforcement system of Ukraine and its subsequent transformation into a penitentiary system is not just a product of a certain scientific segment, it is a recognition by society of the need for its reform and self-improvement. It is noted that the penitentiary principles for the execution of court decisions regarding convicted persons in Ukraine are generally the leading task of the state policy of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the field of execution of punishments and probation, since they ensure the order and conditions for the execution and serving of criminal punishments in places of deprivation of liberty of the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine (hereinafter SCES of Ukraine) and authorized bodies on probation issues of the State Institution “Probation Center” (hereinafter SI PC). Emphasis is placed on the fact that penitentiary principles for the execution of court decisions against convicts in Ukraine play an important role in the socialization, resocialization and reintegration of convicts into society after release. Moreover, penitentiary science gives the leading place in the scientific search for the transformation of the penal system of Ukraine into a penitentiary system to the penitentiary principles of the execution of court decisions regarding convicts in Ukraine. It is noted that one of the ways to improve any system is the proper regulation of the legal system of this type of activity. Against the background of the ongoing reform of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments, we cannot bypass the latest proposals for legislation, which are supposedly aimed at “optimizing the penitentiary system, introducing new approaches to encouraging its personnel, introducing effective management of enterprises of institutions for the execution of punishments. The fact that in modern practice the penal system of Ukraine needs balanced and substantiated scientific developments aimed at convincing research conclusions, proposals and recommendations, which the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, as the legal successor of the State Penitentiary Service, cannot fail to reckon with, we set the goal of determining the role of penitentiaries principles of execution of court decisions regarding convicts in Ukraine. This formulation of the problem is connected with the fact that convicts who, after the entry into force of a court verdict, are sent under escort (places of imprisonment) or independently (authorized body on probation) to the place of serving a criminal sentence. After arriving at the place of serving the criminal sentence, the convict must go through the registration procedure. The following tasks are solved in the article: scientific research on the definition of the concept of penitentiary principles for the execution of court decisions regarding convicts in Ukraine is analyzed; actual problems in the execution of court decisions regarding convicts who are registered with the authorized bodies on probation issues were identified, which allowed them to be united by common features and the conclusions formulated accordingly. Key words: penitentiary facilities, execution, punishment, convict, staff, places of imprisonment, probation, court decision.

Study of solid municipal waste accumulation rates in penitentiary facilities in Perm Krai during the pandemic of 2020

Preventing the release of hazardous substances from waste into the environment is the most important environmental safety objective of municipal waste management. Uncontrolled dumping in landfills has a negative impact on the environment, being a source of harmful chemical and biological substances in the ground and surface waters, atmospheric air and soil, creating a certain threat to the health and life of the population. At present, the environmental problem associated with the collection and disposal of solid municipal waste (MSW) and is relevant not only for civil organisations, but also for institutions of the penitentiary system. The volume of MSW flows needs to be constantly updated, and therefore an average annual waste generation rate needs to be determined. The research described in the article was carried out during four seasons of 2020 at the facilities of the penal and correctional system of Perm Krai, on the example of remand prisons. The methodology for performing calculations based on the current regulatory documents is presented: methodological recommendations on issues related to the determination of MSW accumulation standards, approved by Order No. 524 of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated July 28, 2016 and the Russian Government Decree No. 269 dated April 4, 2016 "On determining the accumulation standards for solid municipal waste". As a result of the work, the average daily and average annual volumes and masses of waste generated per person were determined. Fluctuations in waste generation during the four seasons were insignificant.

THE THEOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT MODEL FOR RETURNEES RETURNING FROM AREAS OF TERRORIST ACTIVITY: THE CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN

Since January 2019, Kazakhstan has been evacuating its citizens from the terrorism-affected area in Syria and Iraq. Yet, three years later, rehabilitation and reintegration proved ineffective especially in regards of women and children. The programme faces a number of obstacles, i.e. shortages of qualified professional personnel and underdevelopment of the indicators; capacity deficit in tackling domestic and financial problems of the repatriated persons; safety and stigmatization of the returned women. The article is focused on the shortcomings of the information and awareness-raising component of the programme. The content analysis of the materials from the printed and social media revealed the limitations of the measures aimed at repatriation and rehabilitation of the persons evacuated from the terrorism-affected areas who are still regarded as ‘posing security threat’ by ordinary people. Public condemnation and resentment have an anti-therapeutic effect and complicate reintegration of such women and children. Moreover, the findings of the expert survey indicate that the gender factor has been neglected and de-radicalization measures aimed at repatriated women - including so-called ‘theological correction’ - are similar to those applied while working with male inmates in the penitentiary facilities in Kazakhstan. These have also been proved ineffective. The author concludes that the acute shortcomings in the rehabilitation programme may result in re-radicalization of the repatriated women.

Not Only COVID-19: Prevalence and Management of Latent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection in Three Penitentiary Facilities in Southern Italy.

Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis in prisoners are higher than the general population and are two public health concerns, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with LTBI among the inmate population detained in three Southern Italian penitentiaries. Tuberculin intradermal reaction skin test was performed on the inmates who agreed to participate in the study. In case of positivity, the QuantiFERON-TB test was performed. In those positive to QuantiFERON, chest X-ray films were performed, and treatment initiated. A total of 381 inmates accepted to participate. The prevalence of LTBI was 4.2%. In the analysis, LTBI was associated with no self-reported contact with active tuberculosis patients within the prisons, and 10% of subjects admitted the use of inhaled drugs. No HIV coinfections were found. No cases of active symptomatic tuberculosis were identified during the study period. Our results confirm that incarceration increases the risk of tuberculous infection. Non-EU nationality and a history of drug addiction appear to be major risk factors for tuberculosis infection in the penitentiary setting. Reinforcing tuberculosis control is essential to prevent its transmission in prisons.

Źródła i formy kontaktów z bliskimi mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności

Social support is essential for mental and physical health and plays an important role in reducing the risk of returning to prison. The main sources of prisoners’ social support are relatives with whom they have the right to communicate using a variety of forms. The frequency of contact depends on the type of prison. However, little research examines prisoners’ communication with their relatives. The study was conducted on 478 men between the ages of 16 and 68 (M = 35,2; SD = 9,7), who were serving a prison sentence in one of five penitentiary facilities. The analysis revealed that the majority of incarcerated men had contact with their relatives, usually in a form of phone calls. The majority of them had contact with a mother. The study also demonstrated that the percentage of contacts with relatives decreased with age and time spent in prison.

Italian Penitentiary University Centers: Promoting The Inclusion Of Prisoners Through University Education.

Entering a prison might change your destiny for the worse because the bars dehumanize and make you lose your freedom and the dignity of the human being (FOUCAULT, 1976; MELOSSI, PAVARINI, 2018). Hence the need for penitentiary facilities to become not only places of custody but also of recovery of the man who committed crimes to transform him into a better person. This change could be promoted through a path of reintegration based on work, affectivity, and education to legality.

EKSISTENSI INSTITUSI PEMASYARAKATAN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN REINTEGRASI SOSIAL KEPADA WARGA BINAAN PEMASYARAKATAN

The modern legal paradigm now has been echoed by all elements of law enforcement. Currently, there are laws that are just and bring benefits to the whole community. The existence of penitentiary facilities is increasingly needed, especially in terms of fostering or returning, penitentiary inmates (WBP) to become fully human beings. The purpose of correctional is social reintegration which is implemented by restoring the life relationship, life, and livelihood of the PAPs. Actors implementing law enforcement, stakeholders, and the community must work hand in hand in carrying out social reintegration. Because it takes alignment of the legal paradigm adopted. This study refer to the existence of penitentiary facilities in realizing social reintegration for PAPs. The author uses a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. Researchers collect data that is relevant to the topic or problem that is linear with this research. Information is obtained from scientific books, research reports, research journal articles, regulations, scientific papers, and other written sources. The results of the study reveal that the existence of correctional facilities is increasingly important, especially in carrying out social reintegration. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen between law enforcement and still require collaboration and alignment of the paradigm adopted between a number of elements, both actors implementing law enforcement, stakeholders, and the society.

Latent tuberculosis infection in the Polish prison staff

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by acid-fast mycobacteria from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group. The disease spreads when people with pulmonary tuberculosis excrete bacteria when they cough, sneeze, laugh or speak. Prisons are often called reservoirs of patients with tuberculosis, posing a great threat to their staff. Longer working hours in prison and penitentiary facilities aid latent contamination among the prison staff. So far, there have been few works discussing latent tuberculosis infection issues among the prisoners and prison staff. A total of 84 employees of penitentiary facilities located in the Lublin Voivodship were examined using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test which was approved for use in 2005 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as an aid in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The material for the research included blood samples collected using the QFT-GIT. Positive test results of latent tuberculosis infections were found in 16.6% of officers. The highest percentage with positive results of tuberculosis infections was found among the surveyed single women aged 36-57, working in penitentiary facilities. There have been no statistically significant differences between the position of officers and the risk factors increasing the chance of the latent tuberculosis infection. Work experience and contact with inmates were found to have an impact on tuberculosis infection. The obtained results partially confirm other authors' observations concerning the influence of the risk factors of latent tuberculosis infections in prisons. Work experience and contact with inmates have an impact on tuberculosis infections among the prison staff in the Lublin Voivodeship. Med Pr. 2021;72(4):415-22.

The image of the Sakhalin penal servitude of the late XIX – early XX centuries in perception of the foreigners

The goal of this article is to examine the images of the Sakhalin penal servitude captured in the works of foreigners who visited the island in the late XIX – early XX centuries. The perception of foreigners draw interests due to the fact that not only the Sakhalin penal servitude, but the island itself were the embodiment of the image of “Other”, which found reflection in the narrative sources left by foreign travelers and scholars. The comparative analysis indicates that foreigners had two polar opinions about the Sakhalin penitentiary facilities, a well as the future of the island: optimistic and pessimistic. In many aspects, they neither contradicted nor complemented each other; the polemic that unfolded around the development of Sakhalin Island of that time divided the Russian society into two opposing sides. Some, relying to the positive forecasts of geologists and agronomists, as well as military necessity, offered bright prospects of the Island. Others pointed at mismatch of the official data and the reality, and doubted the positive outcome. The question of detaining criminals on Sakhalin, including state prisoners, aggravated the situation and intensified disputes. The article aims to explain the reason why one or another foreign author took the side of the “optimists” or “pessimists” in the polemics.

Conjugal Visits in Prisons Discourse: Is it Even an Offender Rehabilitation Option in Africa?

Conjugal rights issue in prisons is indeed an old debate. This article reviewed the literature on the genesis of prisoners’ conjugal visits programme, its global prevalence and the scholarly debate for and against its provision to understand if it can be a rehabilitation option in African countries’ prisons. It has been noted that conjugal visits programme was haphazardly started in the 1900s in Mississippi before becoming an official programme in 1989. Though they were discontinued later in 2014 in Mississippi, conjugal visits are still provided in many penitentiary facilities in America, Europe, Asia and Africa. Studies have revealed that conjugal visits are capable of reducing the problems of homosexuality, sexual assaults and physical violence in prisons. It has also been observed that, apart from the fact that denial of conjugal rights to the prisoners’ spouse could be a form of punishment to innocent victims, conjugal visits can be incentives for good prisoners’ behaviour and rehabilitation in prisons. However, apart from the fact the programme is likely to be expensive and costly to African countries whom their general strife is prisoners’ overcrowding, most of the arguments against conjugal visits are moral-based such as that the programme is likely to perpetrate one-parent family system and is prone to abuse by both prisoners and prison staff. It has, therefore, been concluded that it cannot hurt anybody if legally married prisoners and their spouses are provided with a right to enjoy conjugal visits especially in those jurisdictions which have embraced rehabilitation philosophy.

СУДЕБНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА ПРАВОВОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ЗАКЛЮЧЕННЫХ ВО ФРАНЦИИ

The article analyses the judicial protection of the rights of prisoners in France. The role and directions of judges’ activities on the execution of sentences in penitentiary facilities and in the application of public sanctions have been determined. The scope and degree of the administrative judge’s control over the legality of decisions made by the prison administration with respect to prisoners have been established. Attention is drawn to the activities of the Council of State, which is the supreme judicial body of the French administrative courts. Examples of new fields of administrative courts’ activities are given. The Council of State, under the influence of decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, recognizes these fields as subject to appeal in the penitentiary sphere. The problems associated with the real effectiveness of judicial remedies in France are identified.

COVID-19 Risk Management and Screening in the Penitentiary Facilities of the Salerno Province in Southern Italy.

(1) Background: The emergency linked to the spread of COVID-19 in Italy has led to inevitable consequences on the penitentiary system. The risks of this emergency in prisons is mainly related to the problem of persistent overcrowding that makes social distancing difficult and the isolation of any contagion hard to arrange. The Department of Protection for Adults and Minors of the ASL Salerno Criminal Area has taken steps in order to perform screening operations and minimize the risks for prisoners and operators. (2) Methods: We conducted a two-phase observational study. In the first phase, we offered and then executed serum COVID-19 screening to all the convicted inmates. For those who had a doubtful or positive result, a swab was executed in the shortest time possible. In the second phase, a pharyngeal swab was offered and executed to all the police officers, the penitentiary administrative staff and the medical personnel working in the prison. (3) Results: In the first phase, we executed 485 COVID-19 blood tests on prisoners, 3 (0.61%) of which were positive. The three positive inmates underwent nasopharyngeal swabbing, which ultimately were negative. After that, we executed 276 nasopharyngeal swabs on the prison personnel, penitentiary administrative staff and medical personnel—all were negative. (4) Conclusion: All tests (blood tests and swabs) that were carried out on the prisoners and on the staff were negative for COVID-19. We believe that all prisons in Italy and in the world should take action to ensure preventive and control measures in order to safeguard the health of the prison population and of all the people who work there.

Некоторые концептуальные правовые и организационные проблемы ведомственной политики осуществления оперативно-разыскной профилактики правонарушений в учреждениях исполнения наказаний

Некоторые концептуальные правовые и организационные проблемы ведомственной политики осуществления оперативно-разыскной профилактики правонарушений в учреждениях исполнения наказаний

Problems of transferring penitentiary facilities in the context of sustainable urban development

The article examines the impact of the location of penitentiary institutions in the historical center of urbanized cities on the sustainable development of the urban environment. The purpose of the research is to analyze the foreign practice of solving the problem in relation to the peculiarities of the Russian legislation, the current norms and rules of the urban development regulations for the development of the territory. The result of this study should be recognized as a generalization of international experience in the field of transferring prison facilities outside of urban development with the re-profiling of penitentiary institutions to meet the needs of urban infrastructure, which allows minimizing the costs of the organization-project Builder, as well as reducing the labor costs of representatives of legislative and Executive authorities when involving departmental lands in economic and commercial turnover. The authors emphasized the importance of applying an integrated approach to solving the raised problem from the point of view of assessing all the risks and possibilities of applying foreign experience in domestic practice. The importance of involvement in the active circulation of problem areas has been proved, which allows you to create a comfortable urban environment that meets the concept of sustainable development of the city in urban planning, economic, social and cultural terms.

COVID-19, Prison Visits, and the Value of a Cup of Coffee

The simple act of being able to walk downstairs and buy coffee crystalizes a feeling I have had during my days on the COVID-19 ward.

Implementasi Pola Pembinaan dalam Masa Pengenalan Lingkungan Warga Binaan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Banceuy

Actions of deviations that occur in the community, resulting in many cases of crime that occurred. In this case, there is a need for law enforcement based on laws and regulations, as well as the existence of prison institutions as law enforcement officers. As an effort to overcome social deviations, it is necessary to provide guidance to inmates. The purpose of this study was to determine, the implementation of the program in the initial stages of coaching carried out in the technical implementation unit of Class II penitentiary facilities A Banceuy through a period of environmental introduction (mapenaling) which aims so that new inmates can adjust and recognize their environment so that prisoners can get used to the lifestyle will be served during the criminal period. Mapenaling activities are carried out for approximately 1 (one) month in accordance with PP number 31 of 1999. The research method was conducted using the survey method. The research subjects came from the Correctional Officers who served in the Banceuy Class IIA Correctional Institution. While the object of this research comes from the process of fostering inmates in prison conducted at Class IIA Penitentiary in Banceuy. The informants of this study are correctional officers and correctional residents in Class IIA Penitentiary in Banceuy. This research was conducted through a questionnaire distributed to every citizen fostered by prison and officers in Class IIA Penitentiary in Banceuy. Sources of data come from literature and the field from various books and literature, reports, research journalists and published articles that have relevance to this research. Furthermore, the method of collecting data comes from library data records and then processes the research material. The results of the study indicate that the process of implementing mapenaling is still not optimal and there are several inhibiting factors in the process of implementing mapenaling programs carried out in class IIA correctional facilities