Pelvic Limb Research Articles

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO COMPARE SPINAL ANESTHESIA-INDUCED HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ON ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATIONS

Background: Spinal anesthesia is a popular and widely used anesthetic technique for lower abdominal, pelvic, and lower limb surgery. It has proven to be a convenient, economical, and easily motivated technique that provides excellent anesthesia and post-operative analgesia. Hypotension and bradycardia occur frequently following spinal anesthesia due to blockade of sympathetic outflow. Antihypertensive agents decrease this effect by controlling blood pressure. There are conflicting reports on the continuation of antihypertensive drugs on the day of surgery in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Sudden hypotension could have detrimental effect on the organ systems. This study was undertaken to compare the spinal anesthesia-induced hemodynamic changes in normotensive and in hypertensive patients on antihypertensive therapy. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology, Gandhi Medical College, and associated Hamidia Hospital Bhopal during January 2019–July 2020. It was an observational study conducted on 100 patients of ASA Grade 2 and Grade 3 in the age group between 35 and 60 years. Undergoing lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia, patients were allocated into two groups: Group N (n=50) normotensive and Group H (n=50) hypertensive patients receiving antihypertensive medication. Results: Incidence of hypotension was significantly higher in Group II patients. Single episode of hypotension was seen in 12 (24.0%) patients in Group I and 33 (66.0%) in Group II patients respectively. Three episodes of hypotension were seen in 3 (6.0%) Group I and 4 (8.0%) Group II patients, respectively. The frequency of administration of mephentermine was 2 times more significant in Group II who required treatment with mephentermine more than twice as compared to Group I (p=0.001). There was statistically no significant difference found in mean Heart rate between Group I (normotensive) and Group II (hypertensive), respectively (p>0.05). Conclusion: Antihypertensive medications decreased the incidence of hypotension by controlling blood pressure but their varying effects on the cardiovascular system might alter the hemodynamics during the initial phase of subarachnoid block. We found that patients on antihypertensive therapy (calcium channel blockers) had increased incidence of intraoperative hypotension after SAB and when compared to normotensive patients required vasopressors more often to maintain normal blood pressure.

Bacterial Meningitis in Buffaloes in Brazil

Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the central nervous system and is poorly described in water buffaloes. Five cases of meningitis in adults buffaloes of the Murrah and Mediterranean breads were studied. All buffaloes came from a farm located in the municipality of Castanhal, Pará, Brazil at different times. Clinical examination showed neurological clinical signs, such as apathy, reluctance to move, spastic paresis especially of the pelvic limbs, hypermetria, difficulty getting up, pressing of the head into obstacles and convulsion. In three buffaloes, a large part of the horn had been lost, exposing the corresponding frontal sinus, through which a bloody to purulent exudate flowed. The hemogram revealed neutrophilic leukocytosis. At necropsy, adherence of the dura mater to the periosteum and a purulent to fibrinopurulent exudate were observed in the sulci of the cerebral cortex and on the pia mater over almost the entire surface of the brain and throughout the spinal cord. The cerebrospinal fluid had a cloudy aspect with fibrin filaments. The histopathology of buffaloes confirmed the diagnosis of bacterial fibrinopurulent meningitis. Buffaloes are susceptible to bacterial inflammation of the meninges due to fractures of the base of the horn and mostly present with neurological manifestations.

Surgical treatment of a bilateral superficial flexor tendon luxation

A two-year-old, male, neutered, crossbreed dog was presented to Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists with a history of bilateral pelvic limb lameness. Right pelvic limb lameness was first noted 3 months prior to presentation. Right superficial digital flexor tendon tendinopathy and associated bursitis were diagnosed based on computed tomography scans performed by the referring veterinarian. Conservative management, consisting of analgesia and exercise restriction, did not resolve the clinical signs and referral was sought. At the time of presentation, left pelvic limb lameness of 1 week's duration was reported additionally by the owner. Clinical examination and imaging findings were consistent with bilateral superficial digital flexor tendon luxation. Surgical management consisting of relocation of the superficial digital flexor tendon into the central position of the calcaneal groove alongside a retinaculoplasty and calcaneoplasty was performed bilaterally. Half-cast dressings were placed on both pelvic limbs and were removed after 3 weeks due to mild soft tissue complications. The patient was cage rested for 5 weeks in total. The re-examination 8 weeks after surgical treatment revealed that the tendons remained stable and could not be manually luxated.

Effects of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle on lower extremity biomechanics and pelvic motion during walking and jogging.

Ankle dorsiflexion during walking causes the tibia to roll forward relative to the foot to achieve body forward. Individuals with ankle dorsiflexion restriction may present altered movement patterns and cause a series of dysfunction. Therefore, the aim of this research was to clearly determine the effects of peak ankle dorsiflexion angle on lower extremity biomechanics and pelvic motion during walking and jogging. This study involved 51 subjects tested for both walking and jogging. The motion capture system and force measuring platforms were used to synchronously collect kinematics and kinetics parameters during these activities. Based on the peak ankle dorsiflexion angle during walking, the 51 subjects were divided into a restricted group (RADF group, angle <10°) and an ankle dorsiflexion-unrestricted group (un-RADF group, angle >10°). Independent-Sample T-tests were performed to compare the pelvic and lower limb biomechanics parameters between the groups during walking and jogging test on this cross-sectional study. The parameters that were significantly smaller in the RADF group than in the un-RADF group at the moment of peak ankle dorsiflexion in the walking test were: ankle plantar flexion moment (p < 0.05), hip extension angle (p < 0.05), internal ground reaction force (p < 0.05), anterior ground reaction force (p < 0.01), pelvic ipsilateral tilt angle (p < 0.05). In contrast, the external knee rotation angle was significantly greater in the RADF group than in the un-RADF group (p < 0.05). The parameters that were significantly smaller in the RADF group than in the un-RADF group at the moment of peak ankle dorsiflexion in the jogging test were: peak ankle dorsiflexion angle (p < 0.01); the anterior ground reaction force (p < 0.01), the angle of pelvic ipsilateral rotation (p < 0.05). This study shows that individuals with limited ankle dorsiflexion experience varying degrees of altered kinematics and dynamics in the pelvis, hip, knee, and foot during walking and jogging. Limited ankle dorsiflexion alters the movement pattern of the lower extremity during walking and jogging, diminishing the body's ability to propel forward, which may lead to higher injury risks.

Novel crescentic, medial-closing, medially translating, centre-of-rotation-of-angulation-based, levelling osteotomy for lateral compartment stifle disease with partial cranial cruciate ligament tear in two dogs

ABSTRACT Case history Two mature, large breed dogs presented with chronic lameness and discomfort localised to the stifle. Clinical findings No hindlimb deformities were present on physical examination or radiographic evaluation. No stifle instability was present. Arthroscopy revealed severe (grade 5/5 modified Outerbridge score) cartilage erosion in the lateral compartment (femorotibial), marked degeneration of the lateral meniscus and early cranial cruciate ligament disease in both patients. Treatment and outcome Medial-closing, medially translating, centre-of-rotation-of-angulation-based, levelling osteotomy (mcmtCBLO) was performed in both patients. The procedure aims to shift the pelvic limb’s mechanical axis medially to reduce pressure in the lateral compartment while also reducing craniocaudal shear forces by lowering the tibial plateau angle. Eight weeks after surgery one patient’s lameness had resolved while the other had improved significantly. Second-look arthroscopy performed at this time revealed fibrocartilage formation in the lateral compartment without progression of cruciate disease in both cases. At long-term follow-up (approximately 3 and 5 years), favourable outcomes (no or minimal lameness, mild or moderate osteoarthritis) were identified on the long-term owner survey, lameness examination and radiographs. Clinical relevance mcmtCBLO reduced or eliminated short- and long-term lameness in these two cases afflicted by concurrent lateral compartment and early cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Atypical magnetic resonance imaging findings of a vertebral melanotic melanoma in a dog

AbstractAn 8‐year‐8‐month‐old whippet was investigated by magnetic resonance imaging for acute thoracolumbar discomfort and pelvic limb stiffness, which had progressed to severe ambulatory paraparesis and proprioceptive ataxia of the pelvic limbs in the 24 hours before presentation. An aggressive, extradural T10 vertebral mass‐like lesion was identified, with resultant marked compression of the spinal cord. The lesion was heterogeneously T2‐weighted hyperintense and moderately T1‐weighted hyperintense relative to the adjacent vertebrae and paravertebral musculature. Cytological analysis of the lesion was consistent with a melanotic melanoma, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry. The vertebral column is an uncommon location for either primary or metastatic melanomas in both humans and veterinary species. This lesion was particularly unusual in that its imaging characteristics were not typical for melanotic melanoma. This case report illustrates the unusual anatomical and imaging features of this tumour and outlines the diagnostic considerations pertinent to this case.

Mast cell tumour‐associated osteolysis in a Shiba dog

AbstractA 13‐year‐old, female Shiba dog presented with elevation of the right pelvic limb and swelling of the thigh. The right pelvic limb was severely swollen, and subcutaneous haemorrhaging was observed. Radiographs showed bone resorption in the stifle joint region. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the stifle was consistent with a mast cell tumour. Computed tomography was performed, and the affected limb was amputated. The histo‐pathological diagnosis was mast cell tumour, and the femur and tibia were found externally lysed with an internal invasion of tumour cells. The safety margins were secured, but the tumour had infiltrated the lymph nodes. Hence, the patient was treated with chemotherapy. There was no tumour recurrence or metastasis for 201 days after surgery, but the patient died. To our knowledge, no case of osteolysis due to mast cell tumour has been reported, making this a very rare case.

Lack of Proprioceptive Strategy Modulation Leads to At-Risk Biomechanics for Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Healthy Athletes.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are frequent in handball, and altered sensory integration may contribute to increased injury risk. Recent evidence showed that proprioceptive postural control strategies differ among athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between proprioceptive strategy and biomechanics during side-cutting maneuvers. A total of 47 handball players performed anticipated and unanticipated cutting tasks. Their postural proprioceptive strategy was then characterized according to the perturbation of the center of pressure displacement generated by the muscle vibration on a firm and foam surface. Individuals able to reweight proprioception from ankle to lumbar signals according to the stability of the support were defined as flexible. Conversely, athletes maintaining an ankle-steered strategy on foam surface were characterized as rigid. Statistical parametric mapping analysis was used to compare pelvic and lower limb side-cutting kinematics, kinetics, and EMG activity from seven muscles 200 ms before and after initial contact (IC) using a two-way ANOVA (group-condition). Twenty athletes (11 females and 9 males, 18.5 yr) were characterized as flexible and 20 athletes (12 females and 8 males, 18.9 yr) as rigid. No interaction between condition and proprioceptive profile was observed. More ipsilateral pelvic tilt before IC and lower vastus lateralis (VL) activity immediately after IC was observed during CUT ant . When comparing proprioceptive strategy, rigid individuals exhibited less preactivity of the semitendinosus ( P < 0.001) and higher VL activity ( P = 0.032). Conversely, rigid showed higher gluteus medius preactivity ( P < 0.05) and higher VL activity 100 ms after IC ( P < 0.001). Ankle was also more internally rotated before and during the stance phase ( P < 0.05) among rigid athletes. Rigid handball players exhibited at-risk determinants for anterior cruciate ligament injuries during side-cutting maneuvers.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia by Weeksella virosa: case report

BackgroundWeeksella virosa pneumonia is an infection that has been described as a healthcare-associated infection. This is a rare gram-negative anaerobic bacterium associated with the use of mechanical ventilation for a long period of time and is more frequent in immunosuppressed patients. This is the first case reported in the state of Veracruz and the second in Mexico.Case presentationWe present the case of a 64-year-old female from Veracruz, Mexico who developed an infectious process in the right pelvic limb after a transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedure and subsequently developed sudden cardiorespiratory arrest requiring mechanical ventilation, with subsequent imaging studies demonstrating a pneumonic process associated with a nosocomial infection.Discussion and ConclusionsWe should take into consideration that this pathogen affects not only adults with multiple comorbidities but also children with renal, hepatic, or oncological pathologies, as well as immunocompromised patients, who should be considered high-risk populations for W. virosa infection.

A Wire Guide for Transosseous Osteosynthesis of the Lumbar Spine in Dogs

Introduction. The transosseous osteosynthesis method is actively used both for pathologies of limb bones and for pathologies of the axial skeleton in dogs. The insertion of the fixators through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae requires the surgeon’s skill and precision in determining the insertion point and direction. To help novice traumatologists, a wire guide has been developed to insert the wires through the structures of the lumbar spine.Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the basis of the experimental laboratory of the Ilizarov Centre (Kurgan city). As part of the state task, lateral interbody fusion was performed at the L4–L6 level with simultaneous bilateral posterior arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint and external controlled transosseous osteosynthesis of the lumbar spine in 12 adult mongrel dogs. The insertion of wires through the lumbar vertebrae was performed using a wire guide for osteosynthesis of the spinal column, which was assembled from parts of the Ilizarov fixator. The wire guide consists of standard parts of the Ilizarov apparatus: a beam, one radius bar and nine short bars, threaded rods, bolts, flange nuts and two frame dismountable wire clamps. Next, the fixation of wires on the external supports was carried out according to the accepted method. After osteosynthesis, clinical and neurological studies were performed.Results. After the dog was placed on the operating table, the distances from the external cues to the wire insertion points were calculated according to the radiographs. Two wires were put in the fixator at the required levels and, following the technique, a wire was inserted through the structures of the lumbar vertebra using a wire guide. No iatrogenic injuries were observed when using the wire guide. Clinically, after application of the external fixation device on the lumbar spine, on the next day after surgery and thereafter, preservation of all reflexes and functions of the pelvic limbs was observed. Clinical and neurological studies have confirmed the safe insertion of wires through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.Discussion and Conclusion. The use of the wire guide is recommended for a novice traumatologist, proficient in the method of transosseous osteosynthesis. The wire guide allows the doctor to orientate himself when inserting the wires through the structures of the spine, in order to avoid iatrogenic damage to the spinal cord and abdominal organs.

Встречаемость переломов в области грудной и тазовой конечностей у собак

Currently, there is a trend towards popularization of pet dogs in the city of Moscow. Despite the rapid development of science and technology in veterinary medicine, limb fractures are still one of the most common pathologies. In this article, a retrospective analysis of the prevalence of fractures in dogs in the thoracic and pelvic limbs was performed, the age and breed groups of dogs most prone to fractures were determined, and the most traumatized limb regions were identified. The most common types of fractures were also established. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the forearm bones of small breeds of dogs with body weight up to 10kg are most susceptible to fractures in the thoracic limb. In the pelvic limb, tibia fractures were more common in medium breed dogs with body weight from 10 kg to 25 kg. Simple oblique bone fractures were more frequently registered in dogs in the studied groups.

The study of testosterone and tacrolimus roles on gastrocnemius muscle following experimental sciatic nerve injury in rats

Peripheral nerve damage is a critical disorder causing disability of locomotion. The aim of the study was to clarify the effects of testosterone and tacrolimus on the gastrocnemius muscle following sciatic injury. The study was done on 20 rats (n = 5 in each group) whose left sciatic nerve was crushed for 10 s. The sham group (S) of animals received no medicine; the testosterone group (Tes) received testosterone (5 mg/kg, s.c.); the tacrolimus group (Tac): received tacrolimus (5 mg/kg, p.o.); the testosterone and tacrolimus group (Tes+Tac) received testosterone (5 mg/kg, s.c.) and tacrolimus (5 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for four weeks. The gastrocnemius was assessed by gross observation of the plantar surface of paws; the pelvic limb mass muscle and the muscle diameter ratio of the left pelvic limb to the right one by ultrasonography. The gastrocnemius muscle index (GMI) of the left and right pelvic limb, muscle colour, and pathologic changes were also studied. Pathology study of the gastrocnemius included fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy, presence of inflammatory cells and fibrosis formation. Heel redness and swelling were seen in group Tac. No significant difference was found in the GMI between the Tes and S groups (P &gt; 0.01); its value was higher than in the Tes+Tac and Tac groups (P &lt; 0.01). One rat in group Tes had fatty infiltration grade II. Inflammatory cells were grade I in group Tes but fibrosis formation was grade I in group Tes+Tac. Our results show that tacrolimus and testosterone administration may shorten sciatic nerve regeneration time. Testosterone may diminish gastrocnemius muscle atrophy after sciatic nerve crush.

Kinematic Analysis of Pelvic and Lower Limb Joints during Stand-to-sit Movement in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain: A cross-sectional study.

It is crucial to investigate the daily functions commonly utilized by individuals with low back pain (LBP) due to their implications for recurrence and chronicity. Stand-to-sit (StTS) task is one of the more repetitive functions in human daily life. This study aims to evaluate pelvic and lower limb joint kinematics during the StTS task in individuals with Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSCLBP) compared to a healthy control group. Pelvic and lower limb joint kinematic data in all three planes were recorded from 20 individuals with LBP and 20 healthy individuals using a Qualisys motion capture system during the StTS task. A Functional Data Analysis statistical approach was employed to compare the kinematic data between the two groups. In the initial phase of the movement, we observed a greater anterior pelvic tilt (P=0.028) and an altered pelvic frontal plane motion pattern (P=0.029) in the LBP compared to the healthy group. The only significant differences between the lower limb joint kinematics of the two groups were a less hip external rotation position (P=0.025) and a more knee adduction pattern (P=0.002) on the right side in the LBP subjects compared to the healthy group. Considering a few differences noted between the two groups across various joints and planes evaluated, it appears that the kinematic pattern of the lower limbs does not significantly differ between the NSCLBP and healthy groups during the StTS task in most comparisons. However, distinct kinematic patterns have been observed in the pelvic region, particularly in the sagittal and frontal planes, between the two groups.

Periarticular histiocytic sarcoma in a French Bulldog

Histiocytic sarcoma is a neoplasm originating from the dendritic cell lineage and presents an aggressive biological behavior and poor prognosis due to its increased metastatic rate. It can be localized, such as the articular and periarticular forms, or disseminated to several organs. Histopathological examination associated with immunohistochemistry can lead to a definitive diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgical excision, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or combination. Here, we report a case of periarticular histiocytic sarcoma involving the left knee joint in a female French Bulldog. The animal showed signs of lameness, a mass in the left pelvic limb, and radiographic findings suggestive of neoplasia. After cytological examination suggesting malignant mesenchymal neoplasia, the limb was amputated, and histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed by histopathological examination and positive immunohistochemistry for CD18 and IBA1. After amputation, multimodal chemotherapy was instituted, and the animal survived for nine months from the start of chemotherapy treatment. However, the patient presented metastasis to the lungs, right pelvic limb, and superficial inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes.

Prenatal appendicular skeletal development in the buffalo by radiographic study: The pelvic limb

Prenatal appendicular skeletal development in the buffalo by radiographic study: The pelvic limb

Use of a Smartphone Digital Goniometer Combined with the Freehand Pedicle-Probing Technique for Repair of a Comminuted L6 Fracture in a 4 kg Dog

AbstractA 10-month-old, 4 kg, Bichon Frise cross was referred for surgical stabilization of a highly comminuted L6 vertebral fracture after a road traffic accident. Nonambulatory paraparesis was present, with weak voluntary motor function in both pelvic limbs. Computed tomography (CT) of T6 to Cd1 identified a highly comminuted fracture of vertebral body and cranial endplate of L6 with severe narrowing of vertebral canal. A left-sided L6 pediculectomy was performed. The cauda equina was mildly bruised. Smaller bone fragments were removed, whereas larger bone fragments were depressed ventrally. Two 1.5-mm cortical screws were inserted into pedicles of L7 and a further two 2.0-mm screws into L5 vertebral body using the pedicle-probing technique. Following exposure of underlying cancellous bone, a smartphone digital goniometer, held by a nonsterile assistant, was used to guide advancement of a blunted Kirschner wire acting as a probe according to preoperative CT-determined safe angles. Postoperative CT identified excellent vertebral column alignment with improvement in spinal cord compression and optimal placement of implants at L5 and L7 (grade 1 modified Zdichavsky). Repeat CT at 3 months postoperatively identified well-seated implants. This report highlights that use of a smartphone goniometer may be a useful adjunct to the freehand pedicle-probing technique to guide correct trajectory of the probe and may also have application in other regions of the spine.

Hemangiosarcoma epitelioide intramuscular em um cavalo

ABSTRACT: A 20-year-old, sexually intact male Dutch Warmblood horse was presented with a 5-day history of difficulty moving and non-flexion of the right pelvic limb, followed by subcutaneous swelling and permanent lateral decubitus. Despite attempts at palliative care, the horse was euthanized after clinical worsening and lack of treatment response. The main gross finding was a soft, red-to-black, lobulated mass involving the right semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris muscles. Soft, red nodules were also seen in all pulmonary lobes and adrenal glands. Histology revealed neoplastic proliferation of malignant polygonal cells, occasionally arranged in irregular anastomosing vascular channels filled with erythrocytes. Neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for factor VIII-related antigen, confirming the blood vascular origin. A final diagnosis of epithelioid hemangiosarcoma was made. These findings reinforced the inclusion of hemangiosarcoma as a differential diagnosis of equine muscular lesions and highlighted the histological features of the epithelioid hemangiosarcoma subtype.

Анатомо-биомеханическая характеристика костного остова свободной тазовой конечности у представителей зайцеобразных

The article presents the results of studies of a complex methodological approach, including morphometry of tubular bones and foot, followed by determination of their development indices, characteristics of compact bone tissue, radiography and radiogrammetry according to the biomechanical study. The digital material was subjected to statistical processing. The studies were carried out at the Department of Anatomy and Histology of Animals named after Professor A. F. Klimov of the K. I. Skryabin Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education of the Moscow State Automobile and Mechanical Engineering Academy, as well as at the National Medical Research Centre of Traumatology and Orthopaedics named after N. N. Priorov. The material for the study were the pelvic limbs of the Soviet chinchilla rabbit (n=20) and the pelvic limbs of the Rusak hare (n=12), without signs of pathology, with body weight from 4 to 7 kg. In the comparative analysis, relative indices and biomechanical indices affecting the character of the statolocomotor act in the studied animals were established. Structural and biomechanical parallels of the pelvic limb bone framework in closely related representatives of hares were established, which reflect its high adaptive plasticity associated with the specialisation of the stato-locomotor act. The results obtained are normative in the issues of experimental modelling of pathologies of the bone structure of the musculoskeletal apparatus.

Intra-articular Fibrolipoma of the Stifle in a Dog.

A 12 yr old male castrated miniature Australian shepherd dog presented for surgical consultation of historical bilateral medial patellar luxations with a 3 mo history of an acute onset of a left pelvic limb lameness. Physical examination confirmed medial patellar luxations and a mass effect of the left stifle medially. Radiographs showed medial distension of the joint capsule by a soft tissue opacity. Fine-needle aspirate of the left stifle revealed a mesenchymal cell population. Left medial parapatellar stifle arthrotomy found a fatty mass, which was excised at its base. A benign fibrolipoma was diagnosed on histopathology, and the excision was expected to be curative. The owners reported immediate improvement of perceived comfort postoperatively. At 2 and 24 wk, the dog returned to a normal level of function. Lipomas of the stifle, although rare, should be considered as a differential for intra-articular masses causing lameness.

Owner-reported treatments and outcomes of perceived injuries to the thoracic and pelvic limb of agility dogs.

The aim of this study was to identify the type of veterinary care sought by handlers of injured agility dogs, the types of treatments the dogs received, and the timeframe for return to training and competition. Owners of agility dogs completed an internet-based survey. They were instructed to report injuries that had kept the dog from training or competing for over a week, identify which area(s) of the body had been injured and answer questions about the most severe injury to each body part. Additional questions included if handlers had sought veterinary care, who primarily determined treatment, type of treatment(s), and length of time before the dog could return to full training and competition. This sample included data on 1,714 total injuries from 1,256 unique dogs. Handlers sought veterinary care for over 80% of injuries across all anatomical locations. Handlers were most likely to seek specialty veterinary care for reported injuries to the stifle (71%), iliopsoas (63%) and tibia (61%), and least likely for reported injuries to the carpus (34%), metatarsus (33%) and metacarpus (22%). Treatment of reported injuries to the antebrachium and stifle were most likely to be directed by a veterinarian (>70%), while reported injuries of the thigh (51%) and hip (53%) were least likely. Rest was the most common treatment for all injuries. Return to sport within 3 months was common (>67%) for most perceived injury locations, though dogs with reported stifle injuries took longer to return to competition and had a higher rate of retirement. Owners of agility dogs have a high rate of seeking veterinary care for injuries. Overall return to sport rates were high, with the stifle being the notable exception. Future studies regarding specific treatment of injuries in agility dogs, and how injuries and their treatment affect return to agility after injury are required to provide optimal care protocols for these canine athletes.