Pelvic Nerve Afferents Research Articles

Reflex activation of sympathetic pathways to vesical smooth muscle and parasympathetic ganglia by electrical stimulation of vesical afferents.

1. Activation of the sympathetic input to the urinary bladder by electrical stimulation of afferent fibres in the pelvic nerve evoked three responses: (1) an initial transient rise in intravesical pressure, (2) an inhibition of neurally evoked bladder contractions and (3) an inhibition of transmission in vesical parasympathetic ganglia. Similar responses were elicited by stimulation of the hypogastric nerve. 2. The reflex responses were observed in acute spinal preparations (T10-T12) and in cats with intact spinal cords, but were abolished by bilateral transection of the hypogastric nerves. 3. The inhibition of bladder contractions was antagonized by the administration of propranolol (200-400 mug, I.A.), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. The inhibition of ganglionic transmission was antagonized by dihydroergotamine (30-75 mug, I.A.), an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. The initial rise in intravesical pressure was not antagonized by either agent. 4. Electrical stimulation of other afferents (carotid sinus nerve and sciatic nerve) did not consistently elicit responses in the urinary bladder. However, stimulation of these afferents as well as pelvic nerve afferents evoked reflex firing in nerve filaments on the surface of the urinary bladder. The firing was abolished by transection of the ipsilateral hypogastric nerve. 5. It is concluded that stimulation of vesical afferents activates a spinal sympathetic reflex which results in closing of the internal urethral sphincter and a depression of bladder activity. The latter occurs by a direct depression of detrusor smooth muscle as well as a block of the neural input to the bladder. This vesico-sympathetic reflex represents a negative feed-back mechanism which may have an important role in the maintenance of urinary continence.

Role of afferent activity from the bladder in regulating its activity.

Sympathetic efferent activity to the bladder was recorded from the hypogastric nerves of cats. When the pelvic (afferent) nerves were sectioned or a local anesthetic applied, sympathetic activity decreased. It is concluded from these data and from previous work that sympathetic inhibitory tone necessary for normal function is maintained by afferent activity from the bladder. Nerve section experiments are reinterpreted in the light of these data.