Pele De Sapo Research Articles

COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FLOWER VISITORS IN SOME VARIETIES OF MELON UNDER DIFFERENT CROP CONDITIONS1

ABSTRACT Previous investigations showed that diverse varieties of melon may have different attractiveness for bees. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, frequency and behavior of flower visitors of some melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars (Amarelo, Pele de Sapo, Cantaloupe, Gália) in different conditions (conventional and organic farming, dry and rainy seasons, with and without mulching and introduction or not of honey bee hives) in the main production poles in the Brazilian Northeast (Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Pacajus-CE and Mossoro-RN). Observations and collections of flower visitors occurred from 5p.m. to 6p.m, in non-consecutive days. We recorded 12 species of insects, mostly bees. The most frequent was Apis mellifera (99.68%), but other species appeared sporadically (less than 0.5%): Xylocopa grisescens, Trigona spinipes, Plebeia sp., Melipona mandacaia, Frieseomelitta doedereleini, Halicitidae. Apis mellifera was present in all studied cultivars and sites. Xylocopa grisescens appeared in two poles, but not in Pacajus-CE, Amarelo cultivar. In addition, Trigona spinipes, although present in the three poles, was not recorded on Pele de Sapo. The Amarelo cultivar, under organic farming, without the use of mulching, and presence of honey bee hives, in the Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA pole, in the dry season, was the combination of factors showing the largest number of Apis mellifera as the main visitor of melon flowers.

Cucumis melo L. Pulp and By-Products: Nutritional and Antioxidant Potential

Abstract Objectives Nowadays, modern societies are facing two important challenges: (i) demand for healthy foods, due to the increase of chronic diseases; and (ii) reuse food by-products, due to its environmental and economic impacts. Cucumis melo L. is usually consumed as a fruit, but peels and seeds are discarded. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition and antioxidant potential of pulp, peel and seeds of six different Cucumis melo L. varieties (Grand Prix, Soleares, Waikiki, D. Quixote, PIAS and Pele de Sapo). In addition, for Soleares variety a comparison for three different seasons (winter (SW), spring (SS) and autumn (SA)) was performed. Methods In 2019, the Cucumis melo L. samples were collected from major supermarket chains in the Lisbon region (Portugal). Nutritional composition was analytically determined; the energy value and available carbohydrates were calculated. Antioxidant activity of Cucumis melo L. was determined using two different methods: DPPH• or 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical and FRAP or ferric reduction power (5). Moreover, total phenolic content was also assessed by spectrophotometric methodology. Results According to the obtained results, dietary fibre is the main constituent of the seeds, ranging from 42.4 and 49.5 g/100 g, for SA and Waikiki, respectively. The seeds of SS presented the highest fat content (34.9 g/100 g). The protein content of the seeds ranged from 19.6 to 23.0 g/100 g, for SW and SS, respectively. The water is the main constituent (>90%) of the pulp and peel of the six varieties. Regarding total phenolic compounds, SA peel presented the highest content, 385 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g. Conclusions Based on the results obtained, the analysed seeds can be considered a good source of dietary fibre, fat and protein. The peel of Cucumis melo L. can be considered a good source of dietary fibre. Moreover, their by-products, are a source of bioactive compounds and could contribute to the intake of natural antioxidants. Funding Sources This work was funded by INSA, I.P., under the project MELON4FOOD and by European Union (FEDER funds through COMPETE), and National Funds (FCT) through project UIDB/50006/2021 and by AgriFood XXI I&D&I project (NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000041) co-financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the NORTE 2020 (Programa Operacional Regional do Norte 2014/2020).

Melões ‘pele de sapo’ minimamente processados sob diferentes embalagens e recobrimentos comestíveis

O uso de recobrimentos comestíveis contribui na conservação de vegetais devido a sua capacidade de mudar a atmosfera, reduzindo os processos fisiológicos como respiração, degradação da parede celular, transpiração e, também, por restringir a ação microbiana, preservando assim a qualidade dos produtos vegetais, sendo também a embalagem um fator essencial na conservação de vegetais minimamente processados. O presente trabalho buscou estudar diferentes alternativas de conservação que possibilitem aumentar a vida útil de melões ‘Pele de Sapo’ minimamente processados. Os frutos foram minimamente processados em cubos, submetidos aos recobrimentos comestíveis por imersão em cloreto de cálcio, fécula de mandioca, quitosana, amido de inhame e amido de batata doce branca, armazenados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido recobertas com filme de cloreto de polivinila, foram também utilizados filme plásticos de polipropileno biorientado, e embalagens de tereftalato de polietileno, totalizando 7 tratamentos e armazenados a 3º C e analisados a cada 2 dias, durante 10 dias. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 7 × 6, com três repetições, totalizando 126 unidades experimentais. Os recobrimentos e embalagens associados à refrigeração conservaram a qualidade e integridade dos frutos durante o armazenamento, garantindo estabilidade dos compostos bioativos tais como: clorofilas, carotenoides e polifenóis extraíveis. Os tratamentos de Quitosana 2% (Trat.2) e a embalagem Tereftalato de Polietileno (Trat.6) auxiliaram de forma significativa na manutenção e conservação dos melões minimamente processados quanto a perda de massa e aparência dos frutos.

‘Pele de sapo’ melon grown under different irrigation depths and bioestimulant rates in the Semiarid region of Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and biochemical responses of Pele de sapo melon to different irrigation depths (ID) and bioestimulant rates (BTM) to improve its production efficiency. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil. A randomized block design in split split-plot arrangement was used, with four ID (60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc) in the plots; five (BTM) (Stimulate® at 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 L ha-1 applied via irrigation system during the flowering stage and after the fruiting stage) in the subplots; and two crop seasons (hot season, 23 to 39 °C; and cold season, 15 to 30 °C) in the sub-subplots. The plants were under daily drip irrigation and spacing of 2.0 × 0.3 m. The variables evaluated were: gas exchange, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, relative water, sugar, and amino acid contents, and fruit yield. The results showed that the ID of 60% ETc resulted in water deficit, denoted by increases in solute concentrations, whereas the ID of 80% and 100% resulted in plants with good performance for biochemical, physiological, and production parameters in both crop seasons. The hot season, ID of 120% ETc, and BTM of 2.4 L ha-1 are recommended for Pele de sapo melon crops, since they result in the best physiological responses and fruit yields.

PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF IRRIGATED MELON CULTIVARS IN ORGANIC PRODUCTION SYSTEM

<p><strong>Background</strong>. The melon plant is herbaceous annual plant with a large social and economic relevance in Brazil, specially to the Northeast in of the country. Given the importance of this culture to the region, there is enormous demand for information trying to define a productive system that presents cost-saving, increases productivity, and achieve the minimum standards of fruit quality. In this scenario, a lot of researches were made as a way of trying to potentialize the organic production systems. <strong>Objective</strong>. The purpose of this work was to verify the different melon cultivars/types behavior, when it comes to the quality and production when cultivated under irrigation in organic production system. <strong>Methodology</strong>. The work was developed between the months of July and October in 2014, in the Hortvida rural propriety. The experimental design was a randomized block with treatments applied to seven different types of melon (Zelala Harpér, Magisto F<sub>1</sub> Cant, Medellín Pele de Sapo, Hibrix F<sub>1</sub> Amarelo, Yelogal F<sub>1</sub> Gália, Magritte F<sub>1</sub>” and Solarnet Gália) with four repetitions. Morphological, qualitative and yield characteristics of melon fruits were analyzed. <strong>Results</strong>. The highest yields were obtained for cultivars Medellín Pele de Sapo (45.19 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) and Hibrix F1 Amarelo (34.24 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). <strong>Implications</strong>. The system of organic production of irrigated melon in the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norte maintained the productivity of most cultivars above 25 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, however, the content of soluble solids was higher for only three cultivars. <strong>Conclusions</strong>. The cultivar Medellín Pele de Sapo was the most productive one, but it also presented low soluble solids content.</p>

English

The aim of this work was to perform chemical and physical-chemical analyzes of the oil of the cultivars Valenciano Amarelo melon (VA) and Pele de Sapo melon (PS) (Cucumis melo L.) produced in Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, by GC -FID, IR, 1H NMR and the thermogravimetric behavior TG/DTG as well as yield of that obtained oil. Thus, the oil yield of Valenciano melon seeds was 28.47% and that of Pele de Sapo melon was 26.41%. The chemical composition of the oils of the two cultivars presented major fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, linoleic acid (57.5-59.4%) and oleic acid (22.8-23.3%). The physico-chemical characterization of these oils showed for Valenciano melon and Pele de Sapo melon, respectively, 125.02 and 120.96 g I2 100 g-1 for the iodine value and 187.80 and 185.65 mg KOH g-1 for saponification index. The behavior of the thermal degradation by TG/DTG of the melon seeds oils VA and PS occurred between 341.08 and 522.03°C, and 334.83 and 524.29°C, respectively.   Key words: Oleic acid, cucurbitaceas, biotechnology, essential fatty acids.

Tolerance of melon cultivars to irrigation water salinity

ABSTRACT The use of saline water for irrigation causes severe restriction to nutritional balance, growth and production in many crops due to the effect of salts on plant and soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars to various levels of irrigation water salinity on yield and fruit quality. A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot randomized block design with four replicates. The factors were five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.54, 1.48, 2.02, 3.03 and 3.90 dS m-1) in the plots and five melon cultivars (C1 - Sancho - Pele de sapo; C2 - Medellín - Pele de sapo; C3 - Mandacaru - Canary; C4 - Néctar - Galia; C5 - Sedna - Cantaloupe) in the sub-plots. According to the results, among the five genotypes studied, Sancho was the most salt-tolerant genotype, followed by Mandacaru, Medellín, Sedna and Néctar. Since irrigation water salinity did not influence the mean fruit weight, the reduction in the number of fruits was the main cause of yield reduction of the melon crop under high salinity water. The contents of total soluble solids increased under high salinity level.

Quality of Melon 'UFERSA-05 var. <i>ACIDULUS</i> and Pele de Sapo “Mabel” Minimally Processed, Kept in Different Packages

This study aimed at evaluating the quality of melon Pele de Sapo “Mabel” and Yellow melon “UFERSA-05” minimally processed preserved in different packages. The fruits were harvested at Mossoro-RN and transported to Serra Talhada-PE. In the first study, melon fruit Piel de Sapo “Mabel” was selected, washed, weighed, cooled, peeled, cut into cube shape, sanitized in chlorine solution, drained, packaged in rigid polypropylene tray, sealed with polypropylene film or polypropylene rigid cap and kept for 8 days at 8℃. In the second study, fruits of yellow melon “UFERSA-05” and Pele de Sapo “Mabel” were minimally processed and kept in rigid polypropylene tray, sealed with polypropylene film and stored for 8 days at 8℃. There was no significant interaction between packaging (sealed with film and polypropylene cover) and period of conservation, for pH, total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS) and Loss of fresh mass (LFM) for Melon “Mabel”. While there was significant interaction between types of melon (“UFERSA-05” and “Mabel”) and storage period (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 days) for pH, TTA and TSS. In sensory evaluation were noticeable changes in appearance, flavor, aroma and flesh firmness, characterized by translucency, alcoholic aroma and softening in “Mabel” melon kept in tray with lid. Melon “UFERSA-05” showed lower pH, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, PME activity, lack of translucency high flesh firmness compared to “Mabel” melon during storage. The high levels of sugars in melon “Mabel” may be related to the incidence of translucency, which was not observed in “UFERSA-05” melon, with a strong potential to minimal processing.

Crescimento do melão Pele de Sapo, em níveis de salinidade e estágio de desenvolvimento da planta

As áreas de cultivo com intensa evaporação, deficiência em drenagem e uso inadequado de fertilizantes, têm aumentado os problemas com a salinidade, prejudicando o rendimento das culturas. O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de se avaliar a alocação de massa seca do meloeiro, em função dos diferentes níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação e estágios de desenvolvimento da planta, em Mossoró, RN. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas apresentando, nas parcelas, cinco níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação (0,54, 1,48, 2,02, 3,03 e 3,90 dS m-1) e, nas subparcelas, quatro épocas de coleta de plantas em função dos estágios de seu desenvolvimento (15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após o transplante - DAT) correspondendo às fases de crescimento inicial, floração plena, frutificação plena e anterior ao início da colheita, respectivamente, com quatro repetições. Todos os parâmetros de crescimento avaliados foram afetados pela salinidade da água de irrigação. O efeito da salinidade da água sobre a área foliar específica e a massa seca das folhas, foi variável de acordo com a fase de desenvolvimento das plantas. As variáveis mais afetadas pela salinidade da água de irrigação foram a área foliar e a massa seca de frutos, com redução de 28,9 e 24,6%, respectivamente. O maior acúmulo de massa seca no meloeiro Pele de Sapo ocorreu no período entre 30 e 45 dias após o transplantio.

Divergência genética entre linhagens de melão pele de Sapo

The objective of this work was to study the genetic divergence among lines of Pele de Sapo melon evaluated in Mossoro-RN, Brazil. Twenty lines were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. The genetic divergence was evaluated by multivariate procedures: generalized distance of Mahalanobis, methods of grouping optimization of Tocher and UPGMA. The traits assessed were: The traits evaluated were: total number of fruits, productivity, average weight of fruits, transversal diameter, diameter longitudinal, format index, internal cavity, pulp thickness, pulp firmness, soluble solids content, concentration of harvesting and weight loss. There was partial concordance regarding the composition of the groups formed by the methods of optimizing Tocher and UPGMA. The traits that most contributed to the divergence have been pulp firmness (20.69%) and soluble solids (10.94%). The presence of genetic variability allowed the identification of cultivars dissimilar and with a mean high for the traits studied. The crosses suggested in the study of genetics divergence were: SA-13 x TH-03, SA-13 x TH-04, SA-13 x TH-05, SA-13 x TH-07, SA-13 x TH-09, SA-13 x SA-17, TH-05 x TH-04, TH-05 x SA-10, TH-05 x SA-12, TH-05 x SA-14 and TH-05 x SA-14.

Divergência genética entre linhagens de melão do grupo Inodorus

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a divergência genética entre linhagens Pele de Sapo e entre linhagens Honey Dew. Foram avaliadas dez linhagens de melão Pele de Sapo e dez linhagens de melão Honey Dew, em experimentos separados, conduzidos em blocos casualizados com três repetições. A divergência genética foi estimada pela distância de Mahalanobis. Foram utilizados os métodos de Tocher e UPGMA para o agrupamento das linhagens. Para as linhagens Pele de Sapo, constatou-se divergência genética com a formação de quatro e cinco grupos conforme os métodos de agrupamento de Tocher e UPGMA, respectivamente. Sugere-se cruzamento das linhagens PS-01, PS-05 e PS-7 entre si ou com as demais linhagens do grupo I. Para as linhagens Honey Dew, verificou-se a formação dos mesmos três grupos nos métodos de agrupamento de Tocher e UPGMA. O grupo II formado pelas linhagens OF-01 e OF-02; o grupo III pela linhagem OF-03 e o primeiro grupo pelas demais linhagens. Com relação às linhagens Honey Dew, recomenda-se os cruzamentos das linhagens OF-01 ou OF-02, com as demais linhagens avaliadas. A linhagem OF-03, com características semelhantes às linhagens OF-01 ou OF-02 pode ser cruzada com as linhagens do grupo I.

Efeito de acibenzolar-S-metil, mananoligossacarídeo e bioflavonóides cítricos no controle da mancha-aquosa e no crescimento do meloeiro

Foi estudado o efeito de acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM), mananoligossacarideos (MOS) e bioflavonoides citricos (BFC) no controle da mancha-aquosa causada por Acidovorax citrulli em meloeiros tipo Amarelo (hibrido AF4945) e tipo Pele de Sapo (hibrido Nilo), em diferentes epocas de aplicacao (10 e 15 dias apos a emergencia das plântulas) e dosagens (ASM 25; 50 e 75 mg i.a. L-1; MOS 0,5; 1,0 e 1,5 p.c. L-1; BFC 2; 3 e 4 mL p.c. L-1); e tambem no crescimento da planta em solo com ou sem suplementacao de NPK. A melhor epoca para aplicacao dos indutores foi dez dias apos a emergencia das plântulas. Considerando os dois genotipos, ASM (50 mg i.a. L-1) e BFC (3 mL p.c. L-1) elevaram o periodo de incubacao em ate 13 e 8 dias e reduziram a incidencia da mancha-aquosa em 88 e 60%; o indice de doenca em 96 e 88%; e a area abaixo da curva de progresso da doenca em 94 e 74%, respectivamente. No entanto, independente do nivel de NPK no solo, ASM e BFC reduziram a altura, biomassa fresca e seca da parte aerea das plantas de meloeiro em ate 24; 41 e 34%, respectivamente.

Qualidade dos frutos de tipos de melão,produzidos em ambiente protegido

O interesse pela cultura do melão no Brasil tem aumentado muito nos últimos anos, pelas crescentes exportações e pelo incremento no consumo do mercado interno. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características físicas e químicas, assim como a atividade da pectinametilesterase dos frutos de tipos de melão (Cucumis melo L.), produzidos em ambiente protegido, no município de Centenário do Sul-PR. Os tipos estudados foram: Valenciano ('Amarelo-Ouro'), Caipira ('Gaúcho Caipira'), Net Melon ('Net Galia'), Orange ('Orange Melon') e Pele-de-Sapo ('Filipo'), com cinco repetições, utilizando seis frutos por repetição em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os frutos do Valenciano e Pele-de-Sapo destacaram-se quanto à massa, com valores 2,02 e 2,07 kg, respectivamente, e formatos alongados, enquanto os demais tipos apresentaram formatos arredondados e massa em torno de 1,4 kg. Os melões Pele-de-Sapo apresentaram espessura da polpa de 43,36 mm, estatisticamente superior à dos frutos Valenciano, com 38,98 mm. A menor espessura de polpa, 24,78 cm, e a maior espessura de casca, 9,74 mm, foram encontradas nos frutos do tipo Caipira que diferiu estatisticamente dos outros tipos. Os valores de pH não se apresentaram estatisticamente diferentes e variaram de 6,24 a 6,48. O Net Melon apresentou polpa com 12,3ºBrix e diferiu estatisticamente do Orange, Valenciano e Pele-de-Sapo, com 11;12; 10,34 e 9,94 ºBrix, respectivamente. O Caipira atingiu 5,06ºBrix, e também o menor conteúdo de acidez, 0,10 g de ac. cítrico.100-1 g de suco, o que inviabiliza sua comercialização. A atividade da pectinametilesterase na polpa dos frutos foi muito baixa, inferior a 0,005 PEu x 10(4) mL-1, nos cinco tipos avaliados. Na região norte do Paraná (Vale do Paranapanema), sob condições de cultivo protegido, os melões Pele-de-Sapo, Net Melon, Orange e Valenciano apresentaram boas características físicas e químicas dos frutos, destacando-se o Net Melon pelo teor de sólidos solúveis totais, acima de 12ºBrix.

A case study on the flavor properties of melon (Cucumis meloL.) cultivars

Introduction . The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of sugar and citric, malic, succinic and ascorbic acid levels on melon flavor perception, and to infer about consumers’ preferences based on instrumentally measured characteristics. Materials and methods . Fully ripened melons belonging to the ‘Branco’ (Brazilian), ‘Pele de Sapo’ (Spanish) and winter ‘Tendral’ (Portuguese) melon cultivars were analyzed using five fruits with three replicates for each treatment. Quality parameters (weight, height, diameter, solid shape, volume, internal appearance, texture and flavor), sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), total soluble solids content, sweetness, organic acids (citric, malic, succinic and ascorbic) and sourness were measured. Results and discussion . Flavor was the most important parameter for the consumers’ decision, regarding the different melon cultivars studied. It was also detected that it correlated well with sweetness (thus, with sucrose content) and sourness. The obtained data supports that sugars and organic acids enhance human perception of specific flavor notes in melon.

Cristalização de melão pelo processo lento de açucaramento

Este trabalho foi conduzido no laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Escola Superior de Agricultura de Mossoró (ESAM). Avaliou-se a possibilidade de processar o melão como fruta cristalizada. Foram testadas as variedades Gália, Pele de Sapo e Orange Fresh, utilizando-se o processo lento de açucaramento, retirando-se as polpas em formas de bolas e colocando-as sucessivamente em soluções de sacarose a 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70º Brix até abrir a fervura, mantendo-se a polpa em repouso por 24 horas a cada solução de sacarose. Em seguida, os frutos foram colocados em uma estufa a 50ºC durante 6 horas, atingindo-se assim, a umidade final entre 26,16 a 27,53%. Foram determinados teor de umidade, pH, sólidos solúveis totais, e os produtos submetidos a uma análise sensorial. Constatou-se que a cristalização em melão foi tecnicamente viável, que a variedade Pele de Sapo foi a melhor aceita, e que não houve mudança na coloração da polpa das variedades.

Fatty and Amino Acids Composition of Melon (Cucumis melo Var. saccharinus) Seeds

Seeds obtained from melon (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus Naud, cv. Daimiel commercially classified as “Pele de Sapo”) were analyzed for their proximate composition. The seeds contained high percentage of lipids (32.3%) and proteins (19.3%). Freshly extracted oil presented acid and peroxide values of 1.76 and 4.02, respectively. The iodine and saponification values were 109.6 and 191.4, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil revealed the presence of 23 fatty acids varying from C-6 to C-24 with the exception of C-11, C-19, C-21 and C-23. The concentrations of individual fatty acids varied from trace (less than 0.06%) quantities to about 51%. Linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were the principal fatty acids contributing to 51, 31, 8.5 and 6.1%, respectively, of the total fatty acids which had a relatively high percentage (82.76%) of unsaturated fatty acids. Seed proteins were deficient in the essential amino acids methionine, lysine, threonine and valine. Methionine and lysine were the first and second limiting amino acids, while arginine, aspartic and glutamic acids (13.4, 8.9 and 19.7 g/100 g of proteins, respectively), were present in good quantities.