This work is the result of research into pre-colonial Brazilian indigenous archaeology, from the Aguapeí and Peixe River Basin area, which aims to study and characterize the landscape and collection of chipped lithics from the Cuíca D'Água Archaeological Site, located in the municipality of Junqueirópolis, SP. The study was based on the concept of landscape and the operating chain. The Cuíca D'Água Archaeological Site is characterized by the presence of chipped lithics (chipped stone artifacts for scraping, cutting and drilling). We used the following bibliographical references: Ab'Saber (2003); Pallestrini and Morais (1982); Morais (1999; 2000 ;2007); Faccio (1992, 2016; 2019; 2020; 2023) and Willey (1953). This study allowed us to identify hypotheses of belonging to an indigenous group, as well as to assess the importance of studying archaeological sites in sugarcane plantations.