Peer-reviewed Sources Research Articles

Phases, metrics, and techniques of product discovery

This paper aims to explore, synthesize, and analyze gray literature on the product discovery process, focusing on its key metrics, phases, and techniques to offer valuable insights into effective product management practices. A comprehensive review and analysis of gray literature sources, including online articles, blog posts, reports, and books, was undertaken to construct a thorough perspective on the product discovery process. The review categorizes the main themes of product discovery into phases, metrics, and techniques, providing a holistic summary of the methods and best practices for successful product discovery. The review is based on gray literature, which lacks the academic rigor of peer-reviewed sources despite providing valuable industry insights. Hence, it is recommended that future research incorporate more peer-reviewed academic literature to supplement these findings for a more comprehensive understanding of the product discovery process. This review synthesizes the existing gray literature on product discovery, offering an informative overview of the field's current practices, methods, and strategies. It highlights key insights that could help organizations and practitioners better understand the product discovery landscape, potentially informing the enhancement of their product development practices to align with market opportunities and user needs. Improved understanding and application of product discovery could lead to more user-centric products, positively impacting user satisfaction and engagement. Additionally, it could influence the competitiveness and success of product companies in the market, influencing employment and economic growth. This review synthesizes the existing gray literature on product discovery, offering an informative overview of the field's current practices, methods, and strategies. It highlights key insights that could help organizations and practitioners better understand the product discovery landscape. Thus, it serves as a unique, timely resource for companies across industries, aiming to understand better and potentially optimize their product management strategies.

Publication Trends, Key Findings, and Research Gaps in Renewable Energy Applications in Agriculture

The main aim of this study is to perform a bibliometric analysis (BA) examining the use of renewable energy sources (RESs) in agriculture. To fulfill this aim, several research tasks were outlined: (1) analyze the distribution of publications by year regarding the application of RESs in agriculture (agriculture as a consumer and producer of RESs); (2) identify the most cited articles in this area; (3) determine which countries have made the most significant contributions to the field through their research outputs; (4) highlight the main subject areas linked to RES use in agriculture; (5) explore various practical aspects of implementing RESs in agricultural practices; and (6) suggest potential future research directions in this domain. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed to tackle these tasks. The data collection process was completed on 18 July 2024, using the Scopus database to access peer-reviewed sources. After filtering the results, a total of 317 journal and conference papers were selected for further analysis. The study’s key finding reveals that while renewable energy sources are already being integrated into agriculture, there is still a notable lack of comprehensive research in several critical areas. Specifically, it remains unclear whether the adoption of renewable energy in agriculture leads to enhanced operational efficiency, better cost-effectiveness, and improvements in environmental sustainability.

ChatGPT is an Unreliable Source of Peer-Reviewed Information for Common Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty Patient Questions.

Background: Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and publicly accessible language model tools such as ChatGPT-3.5 continue to shape the landscape of modern medicine and patient education. ChatGPT's open access (OA), instant, human-sounding interface capable of carrying discussion on myriad topics makes it a potentially useful resource for patients seeking medical advice. As it pertains to orthopedic surgery, ChatGPT may become a source to answer common preoperative questions regarding total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). Since ChatGPT can utilize the peer-reviewed literature to source its responses, this study seeks to characterize the validity of its responses to common TKA and THA questions and characterize the peer-reviewed literature that it uses to formulate its responses. Methods: Preoperative TKA and THA questions were formulated by fellowship-trained adult reconstruction surgeons based on common questions posed by patients in the clinical setting. Questions were inputted into ChatGPT with the initial request of using solely the peer-reviewed literature to generate its responses. The validity of each response was rated on a Likert scale by the fellowship-trained surgeons, and the sources utilized were characterized in terms of accuracy of comparison to existing publications, publication date, study design, level of evidence, journal of publication, journal impact factor based on the clarivate analytics factor tool, journal OA status, and whether the journal is based in the United States. Results: A total of 109 sources were cited by ChatGPT in its answers to 17 questions regarding TKA procedures and 16 THA procedures. Thirty-nine sources (36%) were deemed accurate or able to be directly traced to an existing publication. Of these, seven (18%) were identified as duplicates, yielding a total of 32 unique sources that were identified as accurate and further characterized. The most common characteristics of these sources included dates of publication between 2011 and 2015 (10), publication in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (13), journal impact factors between 5.1 and 10.0 (17), internationally based journals (17), and journals that are not OA (28). The most common study designs were retrospective cohort studies and case series (seven each). The level of evidence was broadly distributed between Levels I, III, and IV (seven each). The averages for the Likert scales for medical accuracy and completeness were 4.4/6 and 1.92/3, respectively. Conclusions: Investigation into ChatGPT's response quality and use of peer-reviewed sources when prompted with archetypal pre-TKA and pre-THA questions found ChatGPT to provide mostly reliable responses based on fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon review of 4.4/6 for accuracy and 1.92/3 for completeness despite a 64.22% rate of citing inaccurate references. This study suggests that until ChatGPT is proven to be a reliable source of valid information and references, patients must exercise extreme caution in directing their pre-TKA and THA questions to this medium.

Strategies to prevent postoperative delirium: a comprehensive evaluation of anesthesia selection and drug intervention

Postoperative delirium (POD) represents a common neurological complication encountered predominantly among the elderly cohort undergoing surgical intervention for hip fractures. This phenomenon, particularly commonplace in geriatric populations with heightened preoperative risk profiles, pronounced comorbidities, and later stages of lifespan, poses complex clinical challenges. The impact of perioperative pharmacological interventions and anesthetic strategies on POD’s emergence cannot be understated, as it may profoundly affect the length of hospital stays, rehabilitation milestones, and the overall mortality hazard. The pharmacotherapeutic landscape for managing POD remains constrained, underscoring the imperative nature of preventive measures. Prudent preoperative risk stratification, meticulous intraoperative neuromonitoring guided by electroencephalographic studies, and a holistic postoperative patient welfare model are cornerstone recommendations in the quest to mitigate POD’s incidence. Nonetheless, an extensive exploration into the influence of anesthetic approaches and perioperative medications on the emergence of POD is yet to be satisfactorily charted. Our investigation endeavors to dissect the nexus between anesthetic modalities, perioperative pharmacological interventions, and POD incident rates among the elderly with hip fractures. This study spotlights pivotal determinants of POD in the wake of hip fracture surgery by evaluating and synthesizing data from peer-reviewed sources that adhere to rigorous inclusion criteria. Preliminary studies have revealed that certain anesthesia protocols and perioperative medications may increase the potential incidence of POD, such as higher depth of anesthesia or benzodiazepine use, and the incidence of POD in specific populations, such as patients with higher age, prior history of psychosis, and lower intraoperative oxygen saturation The findings from this study are instrumental in refining strategic perioperative plans tailored for the elderly recipients of hip fracture surgery, aimed at not only diminishing the incidence but also the gravity of POD. Despite these forward steps, the clinical uncertainty concerning the efficacy and safety of the specific drugs and surgical techniques in question remains. These lingering questions underscore the exigency for more extensive, empirically grounded research to consolidate the learnings of this investigation.

AI and Genotype Testing on HIV patients for better prediction rates of drug resistance

Through the use and support of other peer-reviewed evidence and sources, this paper aims to characterize, explore, and feature strategies for monitoring and managing drug resistance among different methods of HIV treatment more effectively. Utilizing a comprehensive review of current methodologies, including genotypic and phenotypic resistance testing, we identified important impacting factors contributing to resistance developments over recent years of different Mutations and strands of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Commonly patients for HIV-2 have shown signs of resistance toward many popular forms of antiretroviral medications aimed to target different organelles of infected leukocytes. Combined with the lack of current testing of patients for this commonly developed resistance many patients have been left taking expensive treatments without knowledge of the lack of efficiency it has on them. With the use of modern artificial intelligence and new methods of DNA Genotyping patients, such as the use of INSTI’s testing as highlighted through the peer-reviewed journal “Clinical Outcomes of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-2,” the large heterogeneity pool of patients with higher risk factors for developing this resistance could be mitigated. These findings suggest an approach that combines regular resistance testing, personalized treatment regimens, and patient education programs on Retroviral drug immunities can significantly enhance the management of drug resistance as well. Implementing these strategies, HIV treatment programs can improve patient outcomes and sustain the long-term effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy for many years to come.

Influences of emotional intelligence on resilience in the South African entrepreneurial sector: a systematic literature review

The South African entrepreneurial sector is essential to the country's economic growth, job creation, and innovation. South African entrepreneurs encounter competitive business environment, limited resources, and socioeconomic gaps. Building resilience is critical for them to overcome challenges, adapt to change, and sustain their businesses in the face of adversity. This paper aims to explore the connection between resilience and emotional intelligence in the context of South African entrepreneurship. A systematic literature review and text analysis was carried out. This systematic literature analysis analysed 37 peer-reviewed sources that explored the impact of emotional intelligence on resilience in the South African entrepreneurial sector. Textual analysis was used to discover themes, patterns, and implications for increasing entrepreneurial resilience. Inclusion criteria included English-language research published during the last decade that focused on emotional intelligence and resilience in entrepreneurship. Non-peer-reviewed papers, grey literature, and those that did not directly address the South African context were excluded. Key findings show that emotionally intelligent leaders are better able to manage stress, build trusted relationships, and adjust to changing circumstances, which improves corporate results and ensures sustainability in a changing economic climate. This paper concludes that emotional intelligence is critical in determining the resilience and success of entrepreneurs in the South African entrepreneurial sector. Recommendations stemming from the results encompass integrating emotional intelligence training courses into entrepreneurial curricula, cultivating a nurturing and emotionally astute workplace, and encouraging self-awareness and emotional regulation proficiencies among prospective and established entrepreneurs in South Africa.

Effect of Small-Molecule Natural Compounds on Pathologic Mast Cell/Basophil Activation in Allergic Diseases.

Pathologic mast cells and basophils, key effector cells in allergic reactions, play pivotal roles in initiating and perpetuating IgE-mediated allergic responses. Conventional therapies for allergies have limitations, prompting exploration into alternative approaches such as small-molecule natural compounds derived from botanical sources. This review synthesizes the existing literature on the effects of these compounds on pathologic mast cells and basophils, highlighting their potential in allergy management, and utilizes the PubMed database for literature acquisition, employing keyword-based searches to identify relevant peer-reviewed sources. Additionally, mechanistic insights were evaluated to contextualize how small-molecule natural compounds can inhibit mast cell/basophil activation, degranulation, and signaling pathways crucial for IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Small-molecule natural compounds exhibit promising anti-allergic effects, yet despite these findings, challenges persist in the development and translation of natural compound-based therapies, including bioavailability and standardization issues. Future research directions include optimizing dosing regimens, exploring synergistic effects with existing therapies, and employing systems pharmacology approaches for a holistic understanding of their mechanisms of action. By harnessing the therapeutic potential of small-molecule natural compounds, effective treatments for allergic diseases may be realized, offering hope for individuals with allergies.

Genome-wide statistical evidence elucidates candidate factors of life expectancy in dogs

It is well-established that large and heavy dogs tend to live shorter lives. In this study, we aimed to determine whether traits other than body size are associated with the life expectancy of dogs. We compiled a dataset of 20 phenotypes, including body size, lifespan, snout ratio, and shedding, into a single matrix for 149 dog breeds using data from the American Kennel Club (AKC) and other peer-reviewed sources. The analysis revealed that drooling might be associated with both the lifespan and BMI of dogs. Furthermore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with adjusted phenotypes and statistical verification methods, such as Mendelian randomization (MR). Additionally, conducting differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis with the salivary gland for the two cases, hypersalivation/less drooling versus various body sizes, we could observe the hypersalivation-related proteins. This genetic analysis suggests that body size and drooling might be candidate factors influencing lifespan. Consequently, we identified several candidate genes, including IGSF1, PACSIN2, PIK3R1, and MCCC2, as potential genetic factors influencing longevity-related phenotypes.

Transgender and gender diverse individuals embodying endometriosis: a systematic review.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people embody social and health inequalities that disproportionately affect this community more than the cisgender population. Endometriosis is a chronic condition of the reproductive tract that affects 5-10% of cisgender women. A recent systematic review with meta-analysis uncovered a pooled prevalence of 25.14% among TGD individuals undergoing gender-affirming surgeries. This study aims to investigate the causes of the gap in prevalence of endometriosis between the TGD community and the cisgender population. A systematic review with a fit-for-framework analysis was conducted. Results were analysed according to the adjusted developmental framework for embodiment with an intersectional approach. Sources were categorised in multi-levels relating to the framework mechanisms of expression, shaping, interaction, and incorporation. Four hundred twenty-three (423) studies published between 2001 and 2024 in English and Spanish were identified on the PubMed, Web of Science, Sociological abstracts, and PsycInfo databases. Thirty-two (32) peer-reviewed sources were selected. The higher prevalence of endometriosis among TGD people compared to the cisgender population reflects a complex phenomenon whereby individual biomedical characteristics, and psychological and environmental factors interplay on multiple levels throughout one's lifespan. The prevalence gap is striking in a context where TGD people experience great barriers and delays to access healthcare, and endometriosis is typically understood as a "women's disease." TGD people express lifestyle and environmental factors correlated with endometriosis more often than cisgender women, such as history of trauma, low self-image, obesity. Endometriosis interacts with one's quality of life, and especially with gendered expectations related to menstruations, family planning and sexuality. This interference can result in biographical disruption and gender self-perception changes in both cisgender and TGD people. Exogenous testosterone use as gender-affirming therapy results in amenorrhea in 80% of cases. However, endometrium and follicular activities are still reported upon testosterone use suggesting endometriosis may be active. It is hypothesised that testosterone use could lead to a hyper-estrogenic state that would stimulate endometriosis proliferation.

Exploring the Role of the Built Environment on the Functional Ability and Social Participation in Community-dwelling Older Adults.

The built environment or physical environment consists of surroundings and conditions constructed by human activity. It includes urban design, neighborhoods, transportation, and smaller scale structures like the design and layout of rooms within buildings. The built environment can affect the physical, social, and functional wellbeing of older adults, both within their own homes and in the neighborhoods in which they live, and additionally plays a part in promoting healthy aging. This narrative review of the literature aims to present the ways in which the built environment can influence the functional ability of community-dwelling older adults, and affect their ability to live independently and age in place. Narrative literature review and inductive thematic analysis. Forty-five full-text, English language publications from peer-reviewed sources were selected for this review, with the majority (35) presenting quantitative research findings and originating from North America (28). Older adults in rural and developing countries were underrepresented in the literature, despite acknowledgement that health of the aging population is a worldwide problem. Three major themes emerged. First, the built environment affects older adults in the most fundamental way at home through design considerations, modifications, and technological advances promoting aging in place and accessibility. Secondly, built environments outside the home can affect older adults' physical activity and overall function with regard to mobility, transportation, and activities of daily living. The majority (22 of 45 publications) focused on this theme. Finally, the built environment in neighborhoods can affect older adults' perception of social support, their social participation, and quality of life. As the built environment is created by humans and can be substantially modified, it possesses considerable potential for enhancing functional ability, social participation, and overall quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. It is possible to design a better person-environment fit, promoting safety, independence, optimal health, and quality of life. In order to support healthy aging, improvements in the built environment need to be accompanied by appropriate health and social policies, systems, and services. These changes require political will, as well as material resources that may not be readily available especially in the global South. A socioecological approach with adequate resources directed to older adults' health and healthcare is necessary in order to achieve the ultimate goal of healthy aging in this population.

The Role of Green Risk Management Approaches in Promoting Green and Sustainable Supply Chain Management

This study assesses how advanced technologies like AI, blockchain, and big data facilitate green risk management in the automotive and electronics industries in the EU. When applied to environmental risk assessment, green purchasing, and eco-design activities, these technologies will optimize Economies of Scale (EoS) and contribute to advancing GSSCM in companies. This review uses systematic literature review and thematic analysis and focuses on using various peer-reviewed sources to understand how these technologies support GSSCM and also reveal gaps and challenges such as the integration of innovative waste disposal technologies and sustainable partnership schemes. Research proves that actual assessment of environmental risk is possible through the implementation of AI in risk assessment; On the other hand, blockchain makes sustainable procurement and reverse logistics more transparent. Thus, some problems like high costs, limited time, and problems with the alignment of stakeholder goals remain. It is recommended that these gaps be overcome by innovating, partnering with industries, and implementing policies that can further improve the position of information systems as the foundation of GSSCM. Thus, policymakers have been urged to explore options like grants or subsidies in an attempt to promote the adoption of these technologies as a way of creating a circular economy. Consequently, this research offers insights that may be beneficial for industry managers and policymakers seeking to improve sustainability within the EU automotive and electronics sectors.

A child-centred intercultural approach to the socio-educational inclusion of migrant and refugee children

The increasing trend of child migration, whether forced or voluntary, poses a challenge to policies aimed at ensuring social cohesion and protecting children's rights. Inclusive educational environments play a crucial role in the integration of migrant and refugee children by promoting intercultural dialogue and participation. This study aims to explore the potential of a child-centred approach to the socio-educational inclusion of migrant and refugee children in Europe, proposing a framework of inclusive interculturalism to address the specific challenges these children face in educational settings. A narrative review was conducted, examining a wide range of peer-reviewed sources to synthesise current knowledge on child-centred education and its applicability to migrant and refugee children. The review identifies key challenges in adopting a child-centred approach, including socio-cultural, linguistic and psychological barriers that hinder migrant and refugee children's full participation in education. It highlights the importance of promoting agency, cultural competence and emotional well-being through inclusive and intercultural educational practices. Implementing a child-centred, inclusive intercultural approach can promote social cohesion and reduce inequalities by ensuring that all children, regardless of their background, have access to quality education and opportunities for personal development. However, more empirical research is needed to translate these theoretical frameworks into practical interventions.

A New Generation of Pathologists: Addressing Modern Curriculum and Educational Scholarship for Pathology Educators and Trainees After the End of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic irreversibly altered the pathology education landscape. It exacerbated workforce shortages, restricted in-person activities, and highlighted critical means in curricula evaluation to limit the expansion of medical knowledge gaps in postpandemic society. Training enacted swift changes toward online learning (e-learning) practices to minimize potential deficiencies in pathology education. Today, a breadth of widely available online pathology curricular tools, including e-learning and digital pathology, are increasingly being used by medical students, trainees, and pathologists worldwide. To critically address the continued role of e-learning and digital pathology in postpandemic pathology education and scholarship, as a current paucity of literature exists and lingering workflow effects of this pandemic affecting many anatomic and clinical pathology departments globally persist. A qualitative review of relevant literature is synthesized to create a timely, narrative discussion to bridge this literature gap. Peer-reviewed sources and other original or primary documents will be assessed. Because of the subjective nature of curricular development and defining what constitutes scholarship, no widely established consensus is present, though it has been touched on in previous literature. It may be years until we better understand how e-learning and digital pathology shape curricular practices, scholarship production, and patient-care delivery, though recent studies support sustained blended curricula beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. The education landscape continues to become increasingly digitalized, and infrastructures may soon be able to support complete digital pathology practice as the education norm. Future and theoretical insight for pathology and laboratory departments globally are provided.

Arc-like curvilinear bullet pathways along inner surface of skull - two cases.

To provide example cases within the peer-reviewed literature of a phenomenon related to certain gunshot wounds of the head where the bullet pathway courses along the inner table of the skull. Presentation of two cases discovered at medicolegal autopsy. The two cases provide radiologic and autopsy demonstration of bullet pathways within the head where the projectiles track along the inner aspect of the cranium, in a circumferential manner, such that the bullets are recovered in a location on the opposite side of the brain/head, with no projectile pathway within the intervening deep structures of the brain. The cases provide photographic and radiologic autopsy documentation of the phenomenon, which is described in forensic pathology textbooks and rare peer-reviewed literature sources, but without photographic demonstration. Recognition of this phenomenon in the clinical setting, or when correlating autopsy external and radiologic findings with historical information, may provide an explanation for situations where immediate incapacitation does not occur following a gunshot wound of the head.

Defining Documentation Burden (DocBurden) and Excessive DocBurden for All Health Professionals: A Scoping Review.

Efforts to reduce documentation burden (DocBurden) for all health professionals (HP) are aligned with national initiatives to improve clinician wellness and patient safety. Yet DocBurden has not been precisely defined, limiting national conversations and rigorous, reproducible, and meaningful measures. Increasing attention to DocBurden motivated this work to establish a standard definition of DocBurden, with the emergence of excessive DocBurden as a term. We conducted a scoping review of DocBurden definitions and descriptions, searching six databases for scholarly, peer-reviewed, and gray literature sources, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensions for Scoping Review guidance. For the concept clarification phase of work, we used the American Nursing Informatics Association's Six Domains of Burden Framework. A total of 153 articles were included based on a priori criteria. Most articles described a focus on DocBurden, but only 18% (n = 28) provided a definition. We define excessive DocBurden as the stress and unnecessarily heavy work an HP or health care team experiences when usability of documentation systems and documentation activities (i.e., generation, review, analysis, and synthesis of patient data) are not aligned in support of care delivery. A negative connotation was attached to burden without a neutral state in included sources, which does not align with dictionary definitions of burden. Existing literature does not distinguish between a baseline or required task load to conduct patient care resulting from usability issues (DocBurden), and the unnecessarily heavy tasks and requirements that contribute to excessive DocBurden. Our definition of excessive DocBurden explicitly acknowledges this distinction, to support development of meaningful measures for understanding and intervening on excessive DocBurden locally, nationally, and internationally.

339 Promoting media literacy in Animal Science

Abstract Media literacy is vital in our information heavy society. Learning to evaluate information sources is especially important in agriculture where misinformation runs rampant. Consumers increasingly rely on internet sources for agricultural information, but misinformation is 70% more likely to be shared than truth. Poor media literacy results in adoption of misconceptions or poor decision making based upon erroneous information. University students, even those heavily involved in agriculture, are confident in their ability to spot misinformation, but are often unable to differentiate credible, reliable, and accurate sources of information from misinformation. One of the major barriers to meaningful learning and retention is pre-assumptions or misconceptions held by students before entering class. Students use existing knowledge to comprehend and assimilate new ideas. If existing knowledge is false or biased, new information becomes difficult to integrate, especially if it contradicts cognitive biases. This paradigm creates a pedagogical opportunity for animal science educators. As misinformation about agriculture and nutrition are common, students entering an animal nutrition course likely hold misconceptions that could interfere with learning. Promoting media literacy helps combat misinformation and address misconceptions and biases, leading to more meaningful learning. Students engage in transformative learning when they encounter views that challenge their preconceptions or perspectives of self, and undergo a shift in perspective, modifying future actions. A media literacy project was developed in an undergraduate Animal Nutrition course (n = 44) where students identified and evaluated a piece of easily accessible media based on the critical media literacy framework. Students addressed their chosen media’s creator, purpose, beneficiaries, and context. They then addressed claims in their media using evidence from peer-reviewed sources. Students reflected on their media literacy and how they might evaluate sources for credibility in the future. Reflections were then evaluated using open coding methodology to identify emerging themes using MAXQDA Analytics Pro, and response frequencies recorded. Most students selected media from their social media platforms. They reported that typically they based credibility on perceived author expertise, inclusion of sources or graphs and data, or popularity of a post. After completing this project, students recognized a need for more critical thinking and personal research when consuming media, as they realized how easily misinformation spreads. Students experienced a shift in their perceptions of credibility leading to shifts in their future evaluation of media. Students indicate they will research media claims more thoroughly, no longer taking information at face value, and evaluating background and credibility of authors before believing their claims. Inclusion of media literacy activities in animal science coursework may be useful to address preconceptions or misinformation in their disciplines and promote critical thinking and careful evaluation of sources among undergraduate animal science students.

Drug Shortages and Patient Harms

What Is the Issue? Drug shortages are a global issue with complex dynamics. Shortages can occur because of disruption at any point along the drug supply chain. Several strategies are used in Canada to prevent or alleviate the effects of drug shortages, including mandatory reporting by drug manufacturers. An understanding of the amount and types of real or potential harms caused to patients can inform policy decisions around drug shortage management and prevention. What Did We Do? We searched for literature providing evidence on patient outcomes associated with supply chain disruptions of pharmaceuticals and vaccines. An information specialist conducted a search of peer-reviewed literature sources published between January 1, 2003, and September 13, 2023. Documents were excluded if the objective was to investigate the potential effects of a drug shortage in the absence of an actual drug shortage or if the outcomes were not direct patient harms. What Did We Find? One scoping review and 33 nonrandomized studies were identified that evaluated patient outcomes associated with supply chain disruptions of pharmaceuticals and vaccines. We identified a wide variety of drug classes experiencing shortages. The most frequently reported shortages were anesthetics, oncology drugs, vaccines, drugs for the treatment of COVID-19, antimicrobials, and small-volume parenteral solutions. Most of the included primary studies concluded that the replacement drug or protocol was a safe or acceptable alternative to the shortage drug. The subset of primary studies that concluded that the replacement drug or protocol was not a safe or acceptable alternative to the shortage drug reported worse outcomes in health system use (including length of hospital stay), adverse events, disease progression, and mortality. What Does This Mean? Drug shortages have the potential to cause harm to patients and some drug shortages may have a greater impact on patients than others. The ability to predict which drugs could cause the greatest harm during a supply disruption would be a great benefit for future planning. The diversity of drugs experiencing shortages and their associated harms emphasizes that decision-makers may need to take a case-by-case approach when developing policies meant to lessen the impact of drug shortages.

Complication Rates of Minimally Invasive Chevron Osteotomy for Correction of Hallux Abductovalgus: A Systematic Review.

Recent advancements in minimally invasive surgery for correction of hallux abductovalgus has increased the popularity of this technique. To date, the incidence of complications with this updated technique has not been evaluated. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the incidence of complications of third-generation minimally invasive chevron osteotomy, with or without an Akin osteotomy, for the correction of hallux abductovalgus. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases and relevant peer-reviewed sources as outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for the preparation of systematic reviews. Studies that reported hallux abductovalgus deformities corrected with minimally invasive surgery and fixated with one or two screws, provided detailed descriptions of all complications, and had mean follow-up of 12 months or more were included. Of 80 studies identified, nine (11.25%) met the inclusion criteria (N = 766 feet). Three of these studies were prospective and involved 426 feet. The weighted mean age for the entire cohort was 50.88 years (17-87 years), and the weighted mean follow-up was 27.65 months (12-66 months). The total incidence of complications was 21.28% (163 of 766 feet). Among the most reported complications were reoperation, postoperative infection, reoccurrence of hallux abductovalgus, and nerve injury. This systematic review revealed that this updated minimally invasive surgery technique provides a safe and reproducible surgical option to correct hallux abductovalgus deformities, with an incidence of complications comparable with that of open correction for this forefoot deformity.

Current insights and future prospects of graphene aerogel-enhanced supercapacitors: A systematic review

Supercapacitors present a compelling alternative to conventional batteries, offering rapid energy storage and high power density. Despite their advantages, they typically fall short in energy density compared to traditional batteries, primarily due to limitations in electrode materials. Graphene Aerogels (GA) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance supercapacitor performance because of their unique properties, such as high surface area and excellent conductivity. This systematic review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in GA technology, focusing on their synthesis methods and applications in supercapacitors. It highlights significant improvements that GA can bring to Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (EDLCs), pseudocapacitors, and hybrid supercapacitors. Additionally, the review explores GA's potential for enhancing electric generators and integrating into flexible, wearable technologies. Future research directions are emphasised, particularly regarding GA’s potential applications in waste management and environmental protection. The review was conducted through a thorough literature search, prioritising peer-reviewed sources related to GA synthesis and supercapacitor applications. Methodological quality and potential biases of the included studies were assessed using principles similar to the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesise findings and identify key trends and challenges. Limitations such as potential biases and methodological variations are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the technological prospects of GA and provides guidance for future research in supercapacitor development and applications.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON VACCINE HESITANCY: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

This research paper contains information on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and the rise in vaccine reluctance. To conduct this research, a variety of peer-reviewed journal articles and sources from highly reputable authors were used, and qualitative data was used to inform the analysis and discussion. Understanding this relationship is crucial for mitigating the spread of deadly diseases in the future. The research identifies three primary factors contributing to the rise in vaccine reluctance: (i) the rapid development of vaccines; (ii) concerns about side effects; and (iii) a lack of access. Insights from this study can help scientists, researchers, and doctors develop better strategies for vaccine deployment, ensuring a more positive public response.