Peer Correction Research Articles

Learners’ oral corrective feedback perceptions and preferences in Thai as a foreign language tertiary setting

The goal of this research was to investigate the existence of perceptions and preferences among East Asian undergraduate students of Thai. To fill this gap, ninety-nine learners having experience of studying Thai speaking courses at five universities completed an online questionnaire reporting on their recognitions and attitudes. The results indicated that recast was the most frequently perceived type of oral corrective feedback (OCF) that Thai as a foreign language (TFL) students were provided. Explicit correction was the most preferred technique in TFL teaching situations. In a speech, they inclined to be provided with the error correction in private places. Considering in terms of the nationalities, a post hoc analysis on a subset of the Chinese and the Korean learners suggested that some OCF opinions were similar; they were favoured by clarification request and repetition. They did not lean towards the inattention to error, peer correction, and error correction in public.

STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON PEER CORRECTION IN ACADEMIC ENGLISH WRITING: A CASE STUDY IN A HIGHER EDUCATION

Peer correction has taken an important role in language teaching and learning as in contribution to motivate the performance of L2 learners in writing classroom. Peer correction encourages the development of autonomous learning due to teachers' review that took over-dependence thus lowered the students' initiative. However, the previous studies show that many teachers are still doubting the effectiveness of peer correction because of students' lack of knowledge and unable to assist other students. The current study investigated the writing performance of English L2 learners who either provided or received written peer correction in the context of academic writing tasks. Twenty participants enrolled and attended writing class in English Education Department in a state university in Surakarta. They were given a rubric to both reviews other students' writing tasks and receive peer feedback. In collecting data, questionnaires were collected after the writing projects. Results show the use of peer correction increased their writing motivation, self-regulated reflection, bidirectional communication, and deeper critical thinking. Thus, this study provide a clear finding of the efficiency of peer correction in improving students' academic writing and can be useful to be implemented in writing class for English learners

STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD TEACHERS’ CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK

Recently we have done some research about feedback and student’s attitude toward it. The objective of the research is to explore learner attitudes to correction of mistakes or feedback as a language learning tool in oral, electronically- and paper-written work as well as peer correction of mistakes. Feedback is a method used in the teaching of languages to improve performance by sharing observations, concerns and suggestions with regard to written work or oral presentation. It includes not only correcting learners, but also assessing them. Both correction and assessment depend on mistakes being made, reasons for mistakes, and class activities. Recently the value of feedback in language studies has been a matter of debate among language teaching practitioners. The research into the effects of feedback is far from conclusive. Teachers’ and students’ expectations toward feedback are found to be opposing, and the most frequent reason given its negative impact on students’ confidence and motivation. However, at the university level the issue of feedback has been examined in passing and there is insufficient research into learner attitudes to feedback in English for Specific Purposes. The hypothesis for the present study is to find out whether criticism has a negative impact on student confidence and whether perceptions of feedback depend on professional specialization

The Effect of Immediate and Delayed Error Correction on Accuracy Development of Intermediate EFL Learners’ Writing

This study investigated the immediate and delayed effects of error correction on the accuracy improvement of intermediate EFL learners’ writing. Through TOEFL test, the researcher selected 3 intact intermediate classes and assigned them into peer correction, self-correction and teacher correction groups. Before the main treatment, all participants were requested to write a composition on a topic, which served the purpose of pre-test. After writing the composition, the first group (peer), including two learners in each group, corrected the errors underlined by the teacher together. The learners in the second group, namely, self-correction, corrected the errors underlined by teacher individually and the third group received the correct forms written by the teacher on top of the errors. All the groups wrote 6 compositions on the topics during 6 sessions. The first topic served the purpose of immediate pre-test. This procedure was followed for 6 weeks and the 6th composition was regarded as immediate post-test and after a month (12th week), delayed post-test was conducted for all learners. The findings of ANOVA indicated that both peer correction and selfcorrection were influential in enhancing learners' writing accuracy; however, the group doing peer correction outperformed the self-correction one.

CORRECTING MISTAKES IN TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

The article deals with the problem of finding out the most effective techniques and strategies of correcting students’ mistakes in the English language teaching process. The research is aimed at the analysis of the concept “mistake” and defining its role in teaching English. It is stated, that communicative approach views mistakes as an inevitable and necessary aspect in studying a second language. Three types of mistakes have been singled out: slips, errors and attempts. It has been found out, that errors are indicators of what should be taught. It is also defined, that the main reasons of making slips are hurrying and carelessness, attempts are caused by students’ desire of achieving the communicative goal, and only errors are viewed as gaps in students’ knowledge. There also have been found out the most productive strategies of correcting mistakes by teachers. Nonetheless, according to the observation, teachers do not use all types equally often, a large number of correction cases is taken by recasts and elicitation, accounting for over a half of all feedback. It is stated, that peer correction and self-correction are not widely used, though the last should be taken into consideration by teachers as the productive and efficient strategies for successful English language acquisition.

Developing students’ writing skills through teacher and peer correction at university level: an analytical study

Developing students’ writing skills through teacher and peer correction at university level: an analytical study

ANALISIS KEENGGANAN MAHASISWA DALAM BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS DI PRODI BAHASA INGGRIS FKIP UNRI

This research is aimed to find out students’ factors and reasons of reluctance to speak English at the English Department FKIP UNRI. This is a descriptive research conducted by survey design. The instrument administered in this research was questionnaire containing 27 close-ended questions and 7 open-ended questions. The population of this research was 113 of the second semester English department students at FKIP UNRI and the sample of this research were IIB class and IIC class of second semester English Department students. The total number of students is 76 students. The collected data were analyzed using likert scale in order to know the factors and reasons of students’ reluctance to speak English. The result of data analysis showed that there are two factor of students’ reluctance to speak English. The first one is language factor which consists of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. The second one is psychological factor which consists of lack of confidence, shyness, anxiety and motivation. The reasons of students’ reluctance base on each factor are afraid of being laughed while mispronouncing, difficulty in constructing sentences and using tenses, difficulty in using exact words, afraid of losing face, afraid of being looked as foolish, peer correction and influence of friends. In conclusion, the language factor and psychological factor contribute in the students’ reluctance to speak English at English Department FKIP UNRI. The highest index percentage on pronunciation indicator indicated that the students had problem with their pronunciation in speaking English and the highest index percentage on lack of confidence indicator indicated that the students had lower self-rating in speaking.

AN ENCOURAGING STRATEGY IN PEER CORRECTION


 
 
 The purpose of the article is to introduce a strategy in the peer correction. Any correction of the mistake being reluctantly welcomed is usually accepted with a sense of disfavor. Peer correction in speaking activity is no exception. To turn this tedious process into an attractive one we have developed a relatively new strategy. Peer correction in writing activity has long been practiced. Learners enjoy discovering each other’s mistakes in essays, spelling or grammar tests, etc. But correcting speaker’s errors being rarely carried out has gradually almost been forgotten. The paper introduces a new concept in peer correction involving a point system. The students actively participating in a correction process are praised with a surplus point for a corrected mistake, which is further taken into account. The strategy has proved to be a motivating one in teaching English as a foreign language.
 
 

Organizing Peer Correction in Tertiary STEM Education: An Approach and its Evaluation

This article reports on a novel higher-education course format exploiting choreographed peer reviews and self-corrections using an online learning platform. The novel course format aims to reduce teachers' workload as it was motivated by the necessity to run examinations for all courses during all terms, even though almost all courses can only be offered every second term. As a consequence, and because of a very high students-to-teacher ratio, many students have to prepare for examinations without sufficient assistance. This article describes the novel course format and reports on its evaluation in a case study. The evaluation indicates that most students benefit from the novel course format but that it is less efficient than traditional formats based on a higher teachers' involvement. The major weakness of the novel format is the insufficient participation of some students to their peer-reviewing. The article suggests and discusses possible measures to address that weakness. This article extends previous work by the same authors by providing an extended evaluation of the students' attitudes towards the course format, their behavior on the platform and their peer reviews. The course format and the learning platform are described in greater detail and the integration into related work has been expanded.

A Study on the Effect of Conversing Action Learning in a Collaborative EFL Classroom

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of action learning methods and practices, which have a research focus on learner-centered teaching after training students to use collaborative learning practices from the viewpoint that the learners acquire English skills through peer correction activities based on sociocultural learning theory[1]. From March 1, 2018 to June 15, 2018, one control class and one experimental group were selected from the general freshman English courses. The experimental group attended classes centered on collaborative writing activities using action learning and cooperation techniques, and the control group attended classes lecture style and rote learning methods to teach writing. The result of study has shown that, for the experimental group, there have been statistically significant results in the production of writing, such as the number of words, the number of sentences, and sentence length. Learners could share the knowledge or ideas of others in their learning relationships with more regular basis.

Peer Correction: The Relationship between Teachers’ Practices and Learners’ Attitude in ESL/EFL Writing Skills

Peer Correction: The Relationship between Teachers’ Practices and Learners’ Attitude in ESL/EFL Writing Skills

첨삭 주체에 따른 외국인 대학생 글의 양상 분석 - 동료첨삭과 교수첨삭을 중심으로-

이 연구는 외국인 대학생의 적절한 글쓰기 교육 방안 모색을 위해, 각기 다른 한국어 수준을 배경으로 갖는 외국인 학생들이 실제로 이러한 ‘동료첨삭’이 교수자의 첨삭 결과와 비슷한 수준으로 글의 완성도를 나타내는지, 첨삭 주체가 달라 생기는 첨삭 내용의 차이가 학생의완성된 글에는 어떠한 양상으로 차이점을 나타내는지를 ‘어휘, 품사’ 를 중심으로 분석해 보고자 하였다. 형태소 분석기를 사용하여 품사별 빈도를 추출하고, 품사별 빈도 분석 프로그램을 통해 그 평균값을측정하였다. 그 결과 외국인의 한국어 글쓰기의 경우, 동료첨삭 시에 외국어를 한국어로 교정해 주기 어렵다는 점이 반영되었으며, 문장부호 중 ‘쉼표, 가운뎃점, 콜론, 빗금’ 등은 교수첨삭 시에 보다 많이 사용되고 있었다. 또한 ‘접속 조사’는 동료첨삭 시에 더 많이 나타났는데, 이는 전문필자의 경우 접속 조사를 보다 적게 쓴다는 기존의 연구 결과를 뒷받침한다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 보조사나 보조 용언을 통해 생각이나 의견을 표현하는 것은 동료첨삭의 경우에 더 많이 쓰였으며, 그 중 ‘인문 ㆍ사회계열’ 학생들이 더 많이 쓰고 있었다. 이 연구를 통해 같은 계열을 전공하는 학생들이 같은 종류 및 주제로 글을 쓰더라도 첨삭 주체에 따른 피드백의 내용에 따라, 완성된 글의 양상이 다르다는 점을확인할 수 있었다.

Investigating English language learners’ beliefs about oral corrective feedback at Chinese universities: a large-scale survey

This article reports on a large-scale survey study investigating EFL learners’ beliefs about oral corrective feedback (CF). A 44-item questionnaire tapping into learners’ beliefs about corrective feedback was administered to 2670 Chinese EFL learners. These learners were from 15 Chinese universities in 14 provinces and municipalities across the country, which were stratified in accordance with per capita GDP values. An exploratory factor analysis generated seven factors: general attitude toward CF, CF timing, output-prompting CF, uptake, input-providing CF, peer CF, and gravity of errors. The results indicate that participants had an overall positive attitude toward CF, and they showed more preferences for immediate CF over delayed CF, and output-prompting CF over input-providing CF. Additionally, learners were slightly positive about the efficacy of uptake and peer correction. Findings also suggest some consistency between the Chinese learners’ CF beliefs and empirical SLA research about the effectiveness of error correction, as well as the variance of CF-related beliefs across educational contexts.

Large Classes and English Language Teaching and Learning in Public Sector Secondary Schools of Pakistan

This study aimed to explore the Pakistani secondary teachers' perceptions towards teaching English in large classes and to find out how they coped with the challenges which come with teaching such classes. The data was collected through semi structured interviews, with eight secondary school teachers currently working in the public sector schools of Lahore, Pakistan. The data was analyzed inductively through repeated engagement with the interview transcripts. Research results indicated that teaching large classes had many issues and problems, such as lack of space, facilities and resources; inability to pay attention to every student; high noise levels; time constraints; problems with assessment of a large number of students; and limited opportunities of interaction between teacher-student and student-student. The discussion highlighted the teaching and learning strategies employed by teachers in their classrooms in the Pakistani context, which include the use of pair and group work, notional time, peer correction and self-editing to improve assessment.

Peer Correction On Writing Quality Of College Students Having Different Cognitive Styles

Correction in writing process is beneficial to improve students’ writing quality. However, different kinds of correction may affect students’ writing quality differently. Furthermore, depending on their cognitive style, students may receive correction differently. This research aims at investigating the effect of peer correction on writing quality of college students’ having different cognitive styles. Two groups of students participated in this study. In the treatment, one group conducted peer correction, and the other group conducted self correction on their writings. To collect the data on students’ cognitive styles, Group Embedded Figure Test (GEFT) was used. To collect the data on students’ writing quality before and after the treatment, writing tests were used. To test the hypotheses, an analysis of covariate (ANCOVA) was used. The results shows that both types of corrections, peer and self corrections, and students’ cognitive styles, field dependent and field independent, significantly affects the students’ writing quality. However, it seems to be no significant interaction between types of corrections and students’ cognitive styles. The types of correction and cognitive styles do not affect students’ writing quality at the same time.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PEER CORRECTION TECHNIQUE ON STUDENTS’ EXPOSITION TEXT

This research aimed to: 1) analyze quality of students’ exposition text; 2) analyze their responses towards learning writing exposition text using peer correction technique; and 3) find out challenges that they faced during the learning. Qualitative research method, especially document analysis design, was chosen. In this research, students’ texts were analyzed to answer first research question and open-ended questionnaire was given to students to answer second and third research questions. To triangulate the findings from those instruments, peer debriefing and member checks methods were done. To analyze the data, qualitative data analysis by Miles et al. (2014) was employed. The data analysis revealed that: 1) quality of students’ exposition texts improved, especially in generic structure aspect; 2) students mostly grouped themselves with more competent peers, learned lesson material beforehand as preparation for correcting, used both English and Indonesian when correcting, concerned more about language feature of peers’ texts, employed their critical thinking in processing feedbacks, became a better writer in the end of semester, and still preferred teacher correction over peer correction technique; and 3) students biggest challenge was poor writing skill. From those findings, it is highly recommended that teachers who want to apply this technique should thoughtfully group the students by themselves and give any assistance needed by students as probably their writing skill may impede them in giving meaningful feedback.

Self and Peer Correction to Improve College Students’ Writing Skills

This paper describes college students’ writing development process during their foreign language classes throughout a semester. Self and peer correction were implemented to promote error awareness along with the use of an error code and error log in a fifth semester class. The results show that both strategies benefited students’ writing skills and self-awareness which in turn produced, among other outcomes, the development of critical self-assessment of their writing and responsibility for their own learning. This study highlights the importance of allocating class time for continuous training to allow students to systematize their writing practices.

Improving the students' academic English essay writing achievement through rubrics and peer correction

This study attempted to find out the contribution of rubrics and peer correction in improving the students’ achievement in academic English essay writing in terms of what the students’ perception on the application of rubrics and peer correction in academic English essay writing was; what the students’ academic English essay writing achievement was after being exposed through rubrics and peer correction; whether there was a correlation between rubrics and peer correction and the students’ academic English essay writing achievement. The data were collected from a distributed questionnaire consisting of a five-scale statement and open-ended questions to be responded by 60 samples of two classes out of 9 classes of semester 5 students of English Department of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education of Mahasaraswati University Denpasar in academic year 2016/2017 and the achievement of the students’ academic English essay from a determined thesis statement after being exposed to the application of rubrics and peer correction; both of whose scores were confronted to obtain the correlation. The result showed that there was a strong correlation (0.62) between the students’ perception on the application of rubrics and peer correction and their academic English writing achievement meaning that that rubrics and peer correction had a positive contribution in improving the students’ academic English writing achievement. Therefore, it was logical to recommend that rubrics and peer correction be applied as one of the techniques in improving academic English essay writing.

Dialogue Journal: Exploring Its Use to Teach Writing

The main objective of this research is to analyze the use of dialogue journal to teach writing. This case study research was conducted at one of senior high school in Cianjur. The research purposively sampling twenty students of grade XI. In order to collect the data, I used three techniques of data collection namely interview, observation, and document analysis.The research findings revealed that: (1) The reasons behind the implementation of dialogue journal were because the teacher wanted to give students opportunity to fulfill the need of reflection and expressing ideas while the belief relied on the standpoint to give non-threatening atmosphere for students to freely express themselves and to give opportunities for teacher to observe students’ progress and their personal background. The procedure of dialogue journal was done five up to seven minutes which involved three parts, those were greeting/ salutation, body, and closing. While, the learning situation was positive in the case of interaction, attitude, and motivation. Students’ responses were classified into open-ended responses which displayed students’ positive thought, feeling, and reaction because they had experienced many advantages in doing dialogue journal as well as silence which indicated the moment when the students reduced interaction to only center their attention in writing dialogue journal; (2) Teacher’s difficulties in doing dialogue journal were managing time to handle with students’ dialogue journal overload and responding to super active students. Whereas, students’ difficulties in doing dialogue journal were writing in limited time, finding suitable vocabulary, using correct grammar, and responding as well as giving suggestions to the questions given by the teacher; and (3) To cope with such difficulties, the teacher should manage a schedule to be able to correct students’ work and respond to the students’ questions. Furthermore, students’ difficulties in doing dialogue journal could be solved by giving more language skills input, doing peer correction, and encouraging autonomous learning.Keywords: Dialogue Journal, Use, Teach Writing.

Improving Students’ Ability in Writing using Peer Correction

Students’ writing anxiety leads students to have low writing skill whereas writing is undeniably crucial. This research is aimed to improve the students’ writing skill and investigate the extent to which peer correction method improves the students’ skill in writing explanation text. Peer correction is a teaching language method in which students receive feedback from their peer dealing with their writings. This method is considered as an effective teaching strategy which enables students to have enthusiasm and confidence in writing. Thirty of tenth grade students in Surakarta participated in this research. The data of this classroom action research were obtained by conducting test, observation and interview. Based on the data analyzed, it is found that the students’ writing skill on each aspect of writing is continuously improved in each cycle. This is affected by effective steps of peer correction method implemented.