Peeling Of Adhesive Tape Research Articles

Superhydrophobic Stainless Steel Mesh through Chemical Vapour Deposition of TMCS for Effective Oil-Water Separation

Aim: To Fabricate the superhydrophobic Stainless Steel (SS) mesh using Trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) through a Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) method for the oil-water mixture separation Background: The frequent oil spills have a devastating impact on marine ecosystems and the environment. The porous materials with superhydrophobic properties have been created to separate oil and water effectively. Due to their ability to effectively separate oil and water, superhydrophobic coatings have gained significant attention. Methods: The cleaned stainless-steel mesh was put on a stand and covered with a glass container. Within the container, 50 mL of hexane, which contained 1 mL of TMCS, was added. The mesh was then left for 3 h to undergo the CVD process Results: The silane content with low surface energy creates a highly rough structure on the mesh surface. The optimal mesh coating is superhydrophobic, having a strong affinity to oil and a water contact angle of 162 ± 2°. The coated mesh has shown a separation efficiency of over 97.8% for different oil-water mixtures. The coatings sustain their superhydrophobicity up to 30 tape peels and 40 times sandpaper abrasion, indicating good mechanical durability. Conclusion: The study concludes that the S-3 sample is mechanically stable and can withstand various tests such as adhesive tape peeling, sandpaper abrasion, bending, folding, and twisting. It efficiently separates oil and water mixtures on a large scale with high efficacy

Durable superhydrophobic LTA-zeolite coating on PDMS surface with excellent self-cleaning property

Superhydrophobicity is a fundamental characteristic that plays a vital role in various applications, such as self-cleaning coatings, water vapor barriers for flexible electronics, and microfluidic chip fabrication. In this study, we developed a superhydrophobic surface coating on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using Linde Type A (LTA) zeolite crystals, employing a silane coupling strategy. As part of this study, the LTA-zeolite-coated PDMS surface is characterized using various techniques to elucidate its superhydrophobic behavior, and a functionalization mechanism is proposed. The resulting substrate exhibited high surface roughness, with a water contact angle exceeding 155°, a sliding angle below 1°, and a contact angle hysteresis under 10°. This superhydrophobic surface coating effectively repelled water, confirming its excellent self-cleaning properties. Furthermore, the coating withstood three cycles of the Kapton adhesive tape peeling test, 5 h of water-jet hitting, and 72 h of UV light exposure, demonstrating its robustness and strong adhesion to PDMS.

Fabrication of a durable corrosion-resistant superamphiphobic CeO2–TiO2 ceramic nanocomposite coating on AZ31B Mg alloy by plasma electrolyte oxidation

A liquid-repellent and corrosion resistant surface was fabricated on AZ31B Mg alloy by the usage of CeO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) method, and subsequent surface modification. The whole process included two main steps: a) applying PEO with CeO2–TiO2 NPs on AZ31B and b) decreasing surface energy by using a fluorinating agent. Elements that were present on the surface were investigated by XRD and EDS analyses. Surface morphology and its roughness were scrutinized by FESEM images and AFM tests, respectively. Contact angles (CA) of water and some oils (Ethylene glycerol and Glycerol) on the prepared surface were measured. CAs of water and ethylene glycerol were reported at 175.6° and 151.4°, respectively. Also, the corrosion behavior of the prepared surface was assessed by EIS and potentiodynamic polarization analyses. Results showed that the corrosion rate of the neat AZ31B decreased noticeably from 127.78 to 0.027 mpy for superamphiphobic PEO-NPs AZ31B. The prepared sample showed high mechanical durability, which was scrutinized by water floatation, abrasive with grit SiC paper, adhesive tape peeling, and bending tests. After immersion of the sample in 5 wt% NaCl solution for various hours, results showed that the prepared sample had a noticeable corrosion resistance stability.

The shape of the TLD-300 glow curve as a function of the energy for photons below 30 keV: Application to triboluminescence X-rays from peeling adhesive tape

The thermoluminescent material CaF2(Tm), known as TLD-300 (Harshaw/Bicron), shows a remarkable dependence of its glow curve shape on the quality of the radiation field. The quotient of high-temperature (maximum at about 265 °C) and low-temperature peaks (maximum at about 175 °C) depends strongly on LET (ions) and photon energy. The shape of the glow curve is parameterized by the high-to-low-temperature ratio, HLTR, a decreasing function of photon energy.Our goal has been to investigate the TLD-300 glow curve shape for six photon energies between 6 and 28 keV, and to apply this extended HLTR calibration to determine the effective energy of triboluminescence-generated X-rays (TGXs) produced when peeling adhesive tape in vacuum.For calibration, TLD-300 chips were exposed to X-rays from a W-anode tube (9.7–27.7 keV effective energies), X-rays from a Cu-anode tube (8.0 keV) and a 55Fe radioactive source (5.9 keV). The chips were subjected to an annealing protocol designed to improve the stability of the low-temperature peaks. Doses were low and deconvolution into 7 peaks was performed with custom-made software. For the TGXs investigation, TLD-300 chips and TLD-100 microcubes were exposed inside a vacuum chamber to radiation generated by the peeling of adhesive tape from its own backing. The dosimeters, located at different angular positions with respect to the tape, were covered with a 21-μm thick layer of Mylar (Dupont Tejjin Films) to eliminate stray radiation and block any UV light that may be emitted along with the TGXs. TLD-300 were thermally handled as in calibration, and the HLTR indicated the effective energy. Microcubes were used as monitors of a controlled exposure.The new calibration data confirmed the previous trend and showed consistency with existing HLTR measurements above 30 keV (after correcting by the different annealing procedures). The TGXs TLD-300 glow curves showed the presence of a low-temperature peak below those included in the usual deconvolution. The measured HLTR indicated effective energies close to 7 keV and constant over a wide range of observation angles.The extended calibration validates the use of this technique to evaluate photon energies below the limits investigated previously. For the investigation of TGXs, TLDs have been used as passive dosimeters, offering new possibilities in cases where pileup would be a limiting factor for active solid-state active detectors. The difference in glow curve shapes between the TGXs and the calibration photons offers a tool for further investigation of processes induced by surface electrification.

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Coating by Spraying PDMS-SiO2 Suspension for Self-Cleaning Application

Superhydrophobic surfaces that mimic lotus leaf surfaces have been widely studied due to their unique self-cleaning ability. Herein, we have fabricated a self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating on a glass substrate using the facile sol-gel spray coating method. The silica particles were synthesized via the sol-gel method in acidic conditions. A self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating was achieved by spraying a suspension of synthesized SiO2 particles and PDMS on a glass substrate at room temperature. The incorporation of SiO2 particles in the PDMS matrix resulted in the formation of a rough structure on the glass surface. This surface exhibited excellent superhydrophobic properties with a high water contact angle (WCA) of 154° and a low sliding angle (SA) of 4°. In addition, the prepared samples showed strong mechanical resistance against various tests such as multiple adhesive tape peeling, sandpaper abrasion, and pencil hardness. As a result, the developed superhydrophobic coating holds great potential for self-cleaning applications on a larger scale.

Development of self-cleaning superhydrophobic cotton fabric through silica/PDMS composite coating

The lotus effect informs that self-cleaning superhydrophobic surfaces can be obtained by creating rough surface structures and modifying them with chemicals that have low surface energy. Herein, the composite of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was deposited on cotton fabric by multiple dip cycles. At optimal condition, the agglomerated SNPs in PDMS produces a hierarchical rough surface, as a result the coated cotton fabric has revealed a water contact angle (WCA) of 158.41 ± 1.58° and 4° of sliding angle. Due to negligible water adhesion to a superhydrophobic surface, coated cotton fabric reveals excellent self-cleaning behavior, which was tested by dust particles, muddy water and tea droplets. Furthermore, coated cotton fabric sustains superhydrophobicity over the mechanical robustness tests including adhesive tape peeling test, sandpaper abrasion test, and ultrasonication. Therefore, such an approach may be applicable in textile industries for self-cleaning purposes.

α-Helix-Mediated Protein Adhesion.

Proteins have been adopted by natural living organisms to create robust bioadhesive materials, such as biofilms and amyloid plaques formed in microbes and barnacles. In these cases, β-sheet stacking is recognized as a key feature that is closely related to the interfacial adhesion of proteins. Herein, we challenge this well-known recognition by proposing an α-helix-mediated interfacial adhesion model for proteins. By using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, it was discovered that the reduction of disulfide bonds in BSA results in random coils from unfolded BSA dragging α-helices to gather at the solid/liquid interface (SLI). The hydrophobic residues in the α-helix then expose and break through the hydration layer of the SLI, followed by the random deposition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues to achieve interfacial adhesion. As a result, the first assembled layer is enriched in the α-helix secondary structure, which is then strengthened by intermolecular disulfide bonds and further initiates stepwise layering protein assembly. In this process, β-sheet stacking is transformed from the α-helix in a gradually evolving manner. This finding thus indicates a valuable clue that β-sheet-featuring amyloid may form after the interfacial adhesion of proteins. Furthermore, the finding of the α-helix-mediated interfacial adhesion model of proteins affords a unique strategy to prepare protein nanofilms with a well-defined layer number, presenting robust and modulable adhesion on various substrates and exhibiting good resistance to acid, alkali, organic solvent, ultrasonic, and adhesive tape peeling.

Fabrication of superhydrophobic coating on brass based on polysiloxane and expanded vermiculite via spraying method and its excellent environmental adaptability

A superhydrophobic coating (POS@EVMT/EP) composed of expanded vermiculite (EVMT), polysiloxane (POS) and epoxy resin (EP) was fabricated on brass by the spraying method, which presented a water contact angle (WCA) of 170° and a water sliding angle (WSA) of 3°. The POS@EVMT/EP coating exhibited good superhydrophobic ability under high temperature, ultrasonic vibration, sandpaper abrasion, adhesive tape peeling, water droplets impact, surface bending as well as acid, alkaline and salt solution. The open circuit potential (OCP) curve and potentiodynamic polarization curve were employed to investigate the corrosion resistance of the superhydrophobic coating, which efficiency reached up to 99.0 %. Moreover, the superhydrophobic coating also possessed ideal icing delay ability (35 min), long-term storage stability (1 year) and UV resistance (120 h), which could satisfy the requirements of practical applications.

Amidation reaction to derive waterborne, tolerant, and optically transparent solid slippery and superhydrophobic coatings

Separate and lubrication-free association of low surface energy with hierarchically featured and highly smooth interfaces yield two distinct and prospective bio-inspired wettability—superhydrophobicity and solid slippery properties, respectively. However, the derivation of such bio-inspired wettability with high optical transparency—following a simple, completely waterborne, non-fluorinated and scalable fabrication approach is an extremely challenging task to achieve. Here, a simple amidation reaction between thioester and amine groups is rationally extended for aqueous processing of strategically selected small molecules to attend desired outputs through formation of nanoparticles. An aqueous reaction mixture of selected non-fluorinated small molecules provided a stable (for 30 days) dispersion of nanoparticles (size ∼210 nm). While the ‘in-situ’ deposition of the reaction mixture yielded completely waterborne, optically transparent, physically and chemically durable lubrication-free solid slippery coating on a planar substrate, a highly deformable superhydrophobic coating on porous and fibrous substrates was obtained following a rapid and facile post-deposition of the prepared nanoparticles. The prepared solid slippery coating remained efficient in sliding the beaded droplets of various (e.g., polar and non-polar) liquids having a wide range (70.2 mN/m to 22.3 mN/m) of surface tension. The embedded slippery property remained unaltered even after exposure of prepared coating to extremes of temperatures and severe abrasive conditions—including continuous drop of 250 g of sand, sandpaper abrasion with a distance of 500 cm under an applied load of 25 KPa, adhesive tape peeling for 500 cycles, pencil (6H) & knife scratching, and prolonged (15 days) treatments of extremes of pH, seawater, river water, etc. The synthesized superhydrophobic coating on porous and fibrous-substrate remained efficient in sustaining repetitive and large physical deformations and other relevant abrasive exposures.

Di-particles-derived slippery lubricant-infused porous surface with broad anti-adhesion performance

As an alternative approach to superhydrophobic surfaces, slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (SLIPS) is a promising solution to undesirable adhesion. Nonetheless, it is highly expected yet still challenging to exploit a method featured substrate-independence, time-saving property and long-term stability. In this study, different from the common preparation process of SLIPS, the di-particles-derived slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (DPD-SLIPS) was successfully fabricated derived from strategically inverted construction of highly stable and superhydrophobic di-particles framework for locking lubricant via successively-two-step spraying polyacrylate adhesive nanoparticles (NPs) and fluorinated SiO2 NPs, followed by perfluoropolyether (PFPE) infiltration. This substrate-independent procedure is time-saving and adaptable for a variety of materials with distinct morphologies and dimensions. The resultant surface hierarchy exhibited excellent mechanical robustness and lubricant-locking ability when subjected to adhesive tape peeling, abrasion, and shearing tests. Furthermore, the anti-adhesion performance of the created surface was investigated under diverse conditions, exhibiting remarkable ultra-slipping, drag reduction, anti-biofouling, self-cleaning, and anti-icing properties. In particular, the construction of such low surface energy base with micro/nano hierarchical structure via a facile spraying method is an advanced candidate for real applications in reducing ship drag, marine antifouling, preventing biological invasion, among others.

Enhanced corrosion resistance and self-cleaning properties of superhydrophobic nickel coating fabricated by one-step electrodeposition

In order to fabricate the stable superhydrophobic coatings with antifouling and anticorrosion functions. In this study, a series of nickel-coated superhydrophobic surfaces were designed on carbon steel (CS) using a one-step electrodeposition route. The structures of the prepared superhydrophobic Ni (SN) coatings were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the wettability was also tested by contact angle goniometer. The findings displayed that the hierarchical micro-flower structures of the optimal SN coating (0.64 A of circuit density and 9.5 min of deposition time) imparted it excellent superhydrophobic property; the water contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) were 168 ± 1.1° and 4.7 ± 0.6°, respectively. The optimal SN coating was found to have superior mechanical and chemical stabilities, as tested by knife scratching, adhesive tape peeling, sandpaper abrasion, and chemical corrosion resistance. Additionally, the optimal SN coating exhibited outstanding self-cleaning property, anti-corrosion, and superhydrophobic stability. Based on these results, it appears that SN coating prepared by one-step electrodeposition can solve the defect of insufficient long-term durability of electrodepositied superhydrophobic coatings, and has potential industrial application prospects.

Small molecules derived Tailored-Superhydrophobicity on fibrous and porous Substrates—with superior tolerance

In the past, different approaches were adopted to prepare superhydrophobic interfaces for demonstrating various prospective applications, where different polymers or nanomaterials are associated for achieving appropriate hierarchical topography and essential chemistry. The commonly used deposition solutions consisted of polymer or nanomaterials prepared in a specific solvent have poor shelf-life. Moreover, the unavailability of robust and optically transparent superhydrophobic coating following a scalable, rapid and single-step deposition process remained a bottleneck problem for its various prospective and relevant applications at real-world scenarios. Here, a catalyst-free 1,4-conjugate addition reaction between distinct and strategically selected small molecules allowed to prepare an active deposition solution with prolonged (200 days) shelf-life in various and commonly used reaction media. The small molecules derived deposition solution allowed a rapid and scalable synthesis of abrasion tolerant, optically transparent (99.2%) superhydrophobic coating on different relevant fibrous and porous substrates—following either dip-coating or spray coating process. Further, the appropriate choice of small molecules and the concentration of deposition solutions controlled adhesive interaction (from 24 μN to 204 μN) and hydrophobicity (from ∼ 134° to 160°) of the small molecule derived coatings. The entirely small molecules derived bio-inspired coating sustained various physical/chemical abrasive exposures including knife test, repetitive sandpaper abrasion, tensile deformation, adhesive tape peeling, washing, ironing, and prolonged (300 days) UV irradiation, sea water, river water etc. Such interfaces were successfully extended for different practically relevant applications including self-cleaning, oil/water separation, no-loss transfer and mixing of aqueous droplets etc. Moreover, the superior shelf-life of the deposition solution and liberty for selecting different reaction media makes this design exceedingly elegant for industrial scale-up in near future.

A facile method to prepare stearic acid-TiO2/zinc composite coating with multipronged robustness, self-cleaning property, and corrosion resistance

Despite that some superhydrophobic coatings have been developed to enhance the corrosion resistance of steel, there lacks a solution that also fulfills both robustness and service durability. Taking advantage of the controlled generation of particles during electrodeposition, a multifunctional stearic acid (STA)-TiO2/zinc composite (TZC) coating with hierarchical micro/nanostructures by codeposition of TiO2 nanoparticles and zinc ions was prepared on carbon steel substrates. The structures of STA-TZC coating were characterized by a series of means. The micro/nanoscale structured surface based on TZC with STA overcoat imparted the prepared STA-TZC coating with outstanding superhydrophobic property; the water contact angle and sliding angle were 160±1.4° and 5.4±0.2°, respectively. According to the tests of knife scratching, adhesive tape peeling, sandpaper abrasion, and chemical corrosion resistance, the STA-TZC coating presented good mechanical and chemical stabilities. Additionally, STA-TZC coating showed excellent self-cleaning property, corrosion resistance, and superhydrophobic stability. The results indicated that filling the voids of porous zinc coating with TiO2 nanoparticles and subsequently modifying with STA film could greatly improve the coating’s resistance to corrosion and mechanical abrasion. This electrochemical codeposition-modification method has broad application prospects for exploring and preparing metal-based superhydrophobic coatings.

Superhydrophobic cotton fabric coated with tannic acid/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane for highly effective oil/water separation

Superhydrophobic cotton fabric was fabricated by grafting aminopropyllsobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (NH2-POSS) at room temperature using a tannic acid inspired surface modification method. The impact of the NH2-POSS concentration on the hydrophobicity of the fabric was investigated. The obtained superhydrophobic fabric exhibited an outstanding self-cleaning ability and excellent durability by resisting corrosive liquids, sandpaper abrasion for15 cycles, adhesive tape peeling for 50 cycles, ultrasonic treatment for 60 min, and high temperature of 200 °C. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic fabric could be utilized as a promising filter screen for separating oils from water with ultrahigh flux (∼19,600 L m−2 h−1) and separation efficiency (to 99.91%) even after 30 separation cycles. This method is simple, environmentally friendly, economical and practical. It can be used to produce superhydrophobic material on a large scale, which indicates its great potential in the field of oil-water separation.

Superhydrophobic Coating Using TiO2 NPs/PMHS Composite for Self‐Cleaning Application

AbstractIn the present research work, spray deposition technique is adopted for the fabrication of superhydrophobic coating on glass slide using TiO2 nanoparticles and polymethylhydrosyloxane (PMHS) composite. The prepared superhydrophobic coating revealed hierarchical surface morphology due to different micro and nanoscaled grains of TiO2 NPs/PMHS composite. The water drops hardly stay on the superhydrophobic coating and roll off the surface at sliding angle of 6° due to high water contact angle of 163 ± 2°. As a result, the prepared superhydrophobic coating revealed excellent self‐cleaning performance. To evaluate the mechanical durability the prepared superhydrophobic coating, the coating surface is exposed to water jet, water drop impact, adhesive tape peeling, and sandpaper abrasion tests. This coating approach can be applied to the substrates of any size and shape.

Fabrication of robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic coating by deposition of polymer layer on candle soot surface

AbstractA facile and inexpensive way have been developed to fabricate robust self‐cleaning superhydrophobic coating by depositing polymer layer on candle soot (CS) surface using dip coating method. The stability and robustness of the CS deposited superhydrophobic surface is much weaker due to weak interaction and nonchemical bonding with the substrate. We introduced a thin layer of polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylidene fluoride on CS surface in order to improve its mechanical properties. The fabricated surfaces with the use of respective polymers exhibited water contact angles of nearly 170, 174, 175, and 171° with sliding angles of 2, 1, 1, and 3°, respectively. Although, all the polymers used in this work exhibited excellent superhydrophobic and self‐cleaning surface property, we found that the PP deposited CS surface exhibit better stability against water jet hitting and water drop impact tests. The PP deposited CS surface almost maintained their surface properties even after 50 cycles of sandpaper abrasion and 20 cycles of adhesive tape peeling tests. The mechanical durability tests confirmed that PP is a better polymer to improve the long‐term durability of CS surface. Therefore, this simple, time saving, and inexpensive method for fabricating superhydrophobic coating can be used for potential industrial application.

Robust Superamphiphobic Coatings Based on Raspberry-like Hollow SnO2 Composites.

Good mechanical and chemical stabilities are the key factors for the wide application of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this work, we first prepared raspberry-like hollow structured SnO2 nanoparticles using a simple hydrothermal method, followed by an annealing step. Then, the intrinsic raspberry-like hollow SnO2 nanoparticles were combined with hydrophilic SiO2 nanoparticles to construct rough surfaces with suitable hierarchical structures, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS-17) was used as a hydrophobic modifier of SnO2, while epoxy resin was used as an adhesive to prepare a superamphiphobic coating with good stability and durability. Such a coating can be applied on various substrates using a simple spray-coating or drop-coating method. The water contact angle and diiodomethane contact angle of the coating could reach up to ∼165 and ∼151°, respectively. After various chemical and mechanical stability tests including hot water treatment, salt water corrosion, strong adhesive tape peeling, and kneading, the coatings still remained amphiphobic. The facile fabrication of the robust superhydrophobic coating has great potential for applications in real life and industrial production.

Catalyst-Free and Rapid Chemical Approach for in Situ Growth of "Chemically Reactive" and Porous Polymeric Coating.

Design of "chemically reactive" coating with a tailored topography is a simple basis for optimizing various physical and chemical parameters, which is essential for achieving different biomimicked liquid wettability. In general, the essential topography and appropriate chemistry in the superhydrophobic coating is optimized following various top-down and bottom-up approaches, where various hydrophilic building blocks are associated using electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and other weak bonding (e.g., metal-thiol etc.), for both developing the desired hierarchical features and optimizing the appropriate chemistry on top of this featured interface. Such designs are inappropriate to sustain practically relentlessly harsh settings. So, further development for the synthesis of a durable and substrate-independent superhydrophobic coating is essential for various prospective applications in "real-world" scenarios. However, the design of highly abrasion-tolerant and "absolutely" substrate-independent artificial superhydrophobicity following a simple and scalable synthesis procedure is rare in literature. In this current work, a catalyst-free and facile chemical approach is adopted for an in situ and rapid deposition of a "chemically reactive" nanocomplex for decorating a wide range of substrates, including water-soluble, water-sensitive, highly flexible, rigid, and fibrous substrates with a highly tolerant biomimicked superhydrophobicity property. Branched poly(ethylenimine) (BPEI) and dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (5Acl) mutually react through 1,4-conjugate addition reaction, and a hierarchically featured "chemically reactive" dip-coating is synthesized by the appropriate selection of the alcoholic solvent that is 1-heptanol. Furthermore, the choice of small alkylamines for post-covalent modifications of the "chemically reactive" dip-coating provided superhydrophobicity with a tailored water adhesion. A gradual increase in both roll-off angles, and the contact angle hysteresis (from 5° to 30°) was noted with a decrease in the hydrocarbon tail of selected alkylamines. The synthesized biomimicked interfaces are capable of performing under various practically relevant, severe physical and chemical challenges including bending, creasing, twisting, different physical abrasions (i.e., adhesive tape peeling test, abrasive sand paper test, etc.), high compressive strain, highly acidic and alkaline aqueous phases, artificial sea water, river water, etc. Moreover, this current approach was extended in developing various relevant functional materials, including superhydrophilic/superhydrophobic physical patterns on flexible papers and highly compressible super-oil-absorbent, etc.

Durable Self-Cleaning Surfaces with Superhydrophobic and Highly Oleophobic Properties.

Functional surfaces with superhydrophobic and superoleophobic properties are of great interest in many applications. However, such surfaces are generally difficult to obtain. Although a few superamphiphobic surfaces have been developed recently, a challenge still remains in preparing such a surface with good durability which is a critical issue in practical application. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method for preparing durable superhydrophobic and highly oleophobic surfaces using two kinds of nanoparticles. Epoxy resin is used as the adhesive material to improve the wear resistance of the surfaces. ZnO nanoparticles and SiO2 nanoparticles are used to create high surface roughness. The prepared surfaces exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity and high oleophobicity once the nanoparticles are treated with 1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorodecyltriethoxydsilane (FAS-17). Water and ethylene glycol contact angles of the coatings can reach up to 172 ? 2? and 157 ? 2?, respectively. After undergoing strong adhesive tape peeling and mechanical abrasion, the coatings still maintain good amphiphobicity.

The virtual frame technique: ultrafast imaging with any camera.

Many phenomena of interest in nature and industry occur rapidly and are difficult and cost-prohibitive to visualize properly without specialized cameras. Here we describe in detail the virtual frame technique (VFT), a simple, useful, and accessible mode of imaging that increases the frame acquisition rate of any camera by several orders of magnitude by leveraging its dynamic range. The VFT is a powerful tool for capturing rapid phenomena where the dynamics facilitate a transition between two states, and are thus binary. The advantages of the VFT are demonstrated by examining such dynamics in five physical processes at unprecedented rates and spatial resolution: fracture of an elastic solid, wetting of a solid surface, rapid fingerprint reading, peeling of adhesive tape, and impact of an elastic hemisphere on a hard surface. We show that the performance of the VFT exceeds that of any commercial high-speed camera not only in rate of imaging but also in field of view, achieving a 65MHz frame rate at 4MPx resolution. Finally, we discuss the performance of the VFT with several commercially available conventional and high-speed cameras. In principle, modern cell phones can achieve imaging rates of over a million frames per second using the VFT.