Peel Powder Research Articles

Adsorption of toxic metals from landfill leachate using orange and banana peel powders as adsorbents

Adsorption of toxic metals from landfill leachate using orange and banana peel powders as adsorbents

Turbidity Removal from Sullage Wastewater Using Musa paradisiaca Peels as a Natural Coagulant

The use of inorganic commercial coagulants for water and wastewater clarification has been linked to the prevalence of human health and environmental issues. Natural coagulants are currently being explored as an alternative option for replacing synthetic coagulants. This present study, examines the use of Musa paradisiaca peels as a natural based coagulant for turbidity reduction in sullage wastewater. Musa paradisiaca peels, alum and blended were used in the study as coagulants for sullage wastewater clarification. The blended coagulant was prepared by combining the Alum and Musa paradisiaca peel powder in a ratio of 1:1. The sullage wastewater used in the study had an initial concentration of 151.8 NTU and was sourced within the University premises. The batch experimental procedure to examine the effectiveness of the natural coagulant was used. The study results show that the highest turbidity removal was for alum, blended, and coagulant, from 151.8 to 1.1 NTU, 151.8 to 14.43 NTU, and 151.8 to 29.32 NTU respectively. The maximum results for the effect of contact time on the rate of turbidity removal were attained at 6 h for all coagulants. The effect of natural coagulant performance on pH medium has indicated that it favours the acidic solution. The results obtained in this study recommend the efficiency and value of Musa paradisiaca peels as coagulant. The use of Musa paradisiaca peels as a natural coagulant offers a sustainable and cost-effective solution for the treatment of sullage wastewater. The use of Musa paradisiaca as a natural coagulant provides an alternative solution for replacing synthetic coagulants and overcomes health challenges associated with its usage, offers water treatment at low cost and reduces environmental issues associated with agri-food waste disposal, thereby promoting sustainable waste management.

Citrus peel powder alters the rheological properties and 3D printing performance of potato starch gel

Owing to the growing interest in sustainable resource utilization, the current study explores the potential replacement of pectin with citrus peel powder (CP) in starch-based 3D food printing ink formulations. The effect of different concentrations of pectin (1 %, 2 %, 3 %) and CP (1 %, 2 %, 3 %) on the printing fidelity, microstructure, rheological and textural properties of potato starch gel were investigated. The results showed that the 3D printing performance of CP-added inks was higher than that of pectin-added inks at all tested concentrations. The storage modulus of CP-added ink was higher than that of pectin-added ink proving higher printing fidelity of CP-added inks. Additionally, hardness, gumminess, springiness and chewiness of food ink increased with an increase in the concentration of CP while decreased with an increase in concentration of pectin. Interestingly, pectin and CP-added inks displayed similar in vitro digestibility, suggesting an insignificant effect of replacing pectin with CP on in vitro glucose release. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of CP-added ink was higher than pectin-added ink demonstrating the potential applications of CP-added ink in functional ink development. Therefore, this study claims for effective replacement of pectin with CP in starch-based 3D food printing ink formulations as a promising sustainable additive.

Characterization of Citrus paradisi peel powder and investigation of lead(II) biosorption

Characterization of Citrus paradisi peel powder and investigation of lead(II) biosorption

Composite Modified Graphite Felt Anode for Iron–Chromium Redox Flow Battery

The iron–chromium redox flow battery (ICRFB) has a wide range of applications in the field of new energy storage due to its low cost and environmental protection. Graphite felt (GF) is often used as the electrode. However, the hydrophilicity and electrochemical activity of GF are poor, and its reaction reversibility to Cr3+/Cr2+ is worse than Fe2+/Fe3+, which leads to the hydrogen evolution side reaction of the negative electrode and affects the efficiency of the battery. In this study, the optimal composite modified GF (Bi-Bio-GF-O) electrode was prepared by using the optimal pomelo peel powder modified GF (Bio-GF-O) as the matrix and further introducing Bi3+. The electrochemical performance and material characterization of the modified electrode were analyzed. In addition, using Bio-GF-O as the positive electrode and Bi-Bio-GF-O as the negative electrode, the high efficiency of ICRFB is realized, and the capacity attenuation is minimal. When the current density is 100 mA·cm−2, after 100 cycles, the coulomb efficiency (CE), voltage efficiency (VE), and energy efficiency (EE) were 97.83%, 85.21%, and 83.36%, respectively. In this paper, the use of pomelo peel powder and Bi3+ composite modified GF not only promotes the electrochemical performance and reaction reversibility of the negative electrode but also improves the performance of ICRFB. Moreover, the cost of the method is controllable, and the process is simple.

The efficacy of adding some antioxidant compounds in alleviating strawberry fruit rots during storage

BACKGROUND: Postharvest decay caused by Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) and Fusarium solani (fruit decay) negatively affects strawberry fruits during handling and marketing. OBJECTIVE: The effect of cinnamon oil, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and/or pomegranate peel powder were estimated on the growth of the two pathogenic fungi and their fruit decay incidence under in vitro and in vivo conditions. METHODS: The isolated fungi from decayed strawberry fruits were identified as Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium sp. The isolated Fusarium sp. was identified molecularly as Fusarium solani and registered in GenBank under accession number ON248575.1 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ON248575.1). RESULTS: Complete fungal growth suppression was observed at a concentration of 3% for all tested materials, Additionally the same (100%) effect was achieved at 2% of a combination of essential oil, salts and pomegranate peel powder. Significant reduction in decay incidence and severity was observed in inoculated strawberry fruits treated with the same concentrations of the tested materials after 10 and 15 days of storage. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that cinnamon oil, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate and/or pomegranate peel powder have potency as eco-friendly products, for safe postharvest treatments against strawberry fruit rots during storage. They could be recommended for use in packing-houses due to their wide utilization as safe food preservatives.

Studies on sensory qualities of shrikhand incorporated with orange (Citrus sinensis) peel powder

Studies on sensory qualities of shrikhand incorporated with orange (Citrus sinensis) peel powder

귤피 분말 첨가 마들렌의 품질 특성과 항산화 활성

귤피 분말 첨가 마들렌의 품질 특성과 항산화 활성

FTIR and GC-MS analyses of raw materials produced from food wastes used in synthesis of biofilms

The present study carried out the GC-MS and FTIR analyses of raw materials (ripe plantain peel powder, cassava starch, glycerol, acetic acid (vinegar) and eggshell powder) produced from food wastes that are used in production of biofilm. The GC-MS results revealed the presence of pentadecane, bis (2-methylpropyl) ester and benzoic acid, 3-(2-Hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone). The FTIR analysis revealed 17 peaks for glycerol, 16 peaks for vinegar, 15 peaks for cassava starch, 16 peaks for eggshell; representing the functional groups of ether, ethene, amine, carboxylic acid, nitriles, methylene cyclic ester, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols common to hydrocarbons. The presence of carboxylic acid was important for enhancing the mechanical and chemical properties of biofilms thereby making them viable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. Amines contributed to the flexibility, strength, and thermal degradation resistance of biofilms, thus aiding in their biodegradability. In conclusion, the study showed that the raw materials possessed biological activities and their functional groups indicated that the raw materials are safe to humans and the environment.

Synthesis of plantain peel powder-based biofilm

The present study investigated the use of ripe plantain peel powder, crude glycerol, vinegar, egg shell powder and cassava starch as source raw materials for producing plantain peel-based biodegradable biofilm (P-BF). The synthesized biofilm was characterized by chemical test (FTIR, GC-MS, morphology test, water absorption property, biodegradation test, solubility test and swelling test) and mechanical test (ultimate tensile test, flexural, hardness test, % elongation and thermogravimetric analysis). Results showed successful production of P-BF. A non-plantain bioplastic (NP-BF) served as control. The FTIR analysis showed eight functional groups; ether, ethene, amine, carboxylic acid, nitriles, methylene, cyclic ester, primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols common to hydrocarbons. The biodegradation test showed the P-BF degraded at the same pace as NP-BF which degraded on the 6th day of the test. The mechanical test showed P-BF had higher thermal stability and water absorption property compared to the NP-BF. However, P-BF showed lower ultimate tensile test, flexural, hardness test, percentage elongation compared to the NP-BF. Morphology test showed that there was uneven distribution of constituents materials in P-BF compared to the NP-BF which affected its mechanical properties. In conclusion, the study successfully produced plantain peel-based biodegradable biofilm with good mechanical properties, biodegradability, thermal stability, fair water absorption property.

Using Household Fruit and Vegetable Waste in Recipes to Reduce Kitchen Food Waste and their Nutritional and Functional Values

The formation of food waste brings numerous issues such as inefficient use of nutrients, social injustice, and economic and ecological losses. The aim of this study is to reduce fruit and vegetable waste, which are among the most common kitchen wastes, with new recipes, and to explore the advantages they provide to human health. The study developed 20 different recipes using parts typically considered waste in the kitchen, like stems, stalks, and peels from 11 fruits and 9 vegetables, and calculated their nutritional values using the BEBIS program (Nutrition Information System). Additionally, the functional properties of the fruit and vegetable waste used in the study were examined in light of scientific literature. Results showed that parts of fruits and vegetables considered as waste might have valuable nutritional properties, such as being a good source of dietary fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. Among the recipes created with fruit waste, the chocolate balls with pomegranate peel powder had the highest energy value (4255.3 kcal), the sweet chicken with orange flavor had the highest protein content (122.1 g), and the watermelon dessert had the highest fiber content (25.3 g). Among the recipes made with vegetable waste, the puff pastry with leek leaves had the highest energy value (2740 kcal), and the savory cake with cauliflower and potatoes contained the most protein (222.2 g) and fiber (184.1 g). Using parts like stems, peels, and leaves considered food waste in recipes also imparts functional properties to the recipes. The food waste used in this study possesses properties in the literature such as anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, prevention of neurological disorders, and anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, and anti-aging effects.

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of PLA Filaments through Orange Peel Powder Reinforcement: Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters

This study investigates the augmentation of the mechanical properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments by incorporating Orange Peel Powder (OPP) as an eco-friendly filler for 3D printing applications. The study delves into optimizing the printing parameters to achieve enhanced mechanical characteristics while maintaining printability. Various 3D printing process parameters were analyzed systematically to assess their impact on tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance. A thorough investigation was conducted to determine the impact of layer height, infill density, and printing speed on the overall mechanical properties of the printed specimens. The findings demonstrate that adding 25% OPP significantly enhances the mechanical strength of the PLA composite without compromising printability, with optimal concentration and printing parameters identified. Thermo gravimetric study reveals that the PLA/OPP composite filament has a higher maximum thermal degradation temperature of 329 °C, compared to the PLA’s temperature of 316 °C. This research contributes to advancing the development of sustainable and mechanically robust materials for additive manufacturing, offering insights into the fabrication of PLA-based biodegradable composites tailored for specific applications in various industries.

Synthesis and characterization of orange peel powder incorporated chitosan-zinc oxide (OPP@CS-ZnO) biopolymer nanocomposites

Synthesis and characterization of orange peel powder incorporated chitosan-zinc oxide (OPP@CS-ZnO) biopolymer nanocomposites

Designing and Characterizing a Multipurpose Facial Scrub Infused with Chrysopogon zizanioides, Prunus dulcis and Santalum album

This study focuses on the design and characterization of a herbal scrub utilizing natural excipients for skincare applications. The primary objective was to develop a safe and effective product capable of addressing common skin issues such as wrinkles, acne, and excessive oil production. The scrub formulation incorporated a blend of carefully selected excipients, including aloevera, amla, coriander, liquorice, sandalwood, lemon peel powder, khus-khus, almond oil, rose petal extract, and black catechu. Various parameters, including physical appearance, viscosity, pH, spreadability, irritability, stability, and microbial assay, were systematically assessed to comprehensively evaluate the scrub. The results revealed that the scrub demonstrated outstanding cooling effects, skin lightening properties, and efficacy in preventing new pimples. It exhibited a pleasant odor, possessed a brown color, and proved non-irritating to the skin. The scrub's texture was smooth, facilitating easy spreading. In conclusion, the formulated herbal scrub emerged as a safe and efficacious exfoliating product, offering the benefits of glowing skin without any adverse effects. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the development of a skincare solution that combines natural ingredients for optimal effectiveness and user satisfaction.

Evaluation of Costumer Attitudes: Attributes Product of Mango Peel Powder

Indramayu is the number one mango fruit producing city in West Java Province. While there has been no handling and processing of home industrial waste. This can cause serious problems in the environment. There is a need for an economic and environmentally based waste management system. One of them solution is processing mango peel waste into GOPE (mango peel) powder, products as a natural food additive to replace essence powder products and synthetic powder for food and drinks. The purpose of this study is to analyze consumer attitudes towards the mango peel powder. Consumer attitude is an emotional expression of consumers that shows whether consumers like an object or not so that attitudes can describe the level of consumer confidence in products or services. Consumer attitudes on mango peel powder product attributes describe what priority attributes are taken into consideration in choosing product. This research is a quantitative descriptive using Fishbein's multi-attribute method. Fishbein's Multiattribute Model can measure consumer attitudes using three components: the level of importance, trust, and attitude evaluation. There are thirty who are consumers have consumed essence powder products in the last two months and selected using accidental sampling . The results of this study indicate that research respondents have a positive attitude towards five attributes of Taste, texture, form, composition, smell and one of them are netral about one attributes: colour.

Extraction, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity of Pectin from Lemon Peels.

Pectin is a natural polymer that is found in the cell walls of higher plants. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of pectin extracted from lemon in two different geographic regions (Peddie and Fort Beaufort) in two consecutive years (2023 and 2024) named PP 2023, PP 2024, FBP 2023, and FBP 2024. The dried lemon peels were ground into a powder, sifted to obtain particles of 500 μm, and then subjected to pectin extraction using a conventional method involving mixing lemon peel powder with distilled water, adjusting the pH level to 2.0 with HCl, heating the mixture at 70 °C for 45 min, filtering the acidic extract, and precipitating pectin with ethanol. The yield of these pectin samples was statistically significant, as FBP 2024 had a maximum yield of 12.2 ± 0.02%, PP 2024 had a maximum yield of 13.0 ± 0.02%, FBP 2023 had a maximum yield of 12.2 ± 0.03%, and PP 2023 had a maximum yield of 13.1 ± 0.03%, The variation in yield could be due to the differences in the growing conditions, such as the climate and soil, which could have affected the pectin content in the lemons. The physicochemical characterization of all samples proved that our pectin samples could be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries, with anhydrouronic acid content which was greater than 65%, as suggested by the FAO. The scanning electron microscope analysis of all extracted pectin was rough and jagged, while the commercial pectin displayed a smooth surface morphology with a consistent size. FTIR confirmed the functional groups which were present in our samples. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the thermal behavior of the extracted pectin in comparison with commercial pectin. It was found that the extracted pectin had three-step degradation while the commercial pectin had four-step degradation. Additionally, pectin samples have been shown to have antioxidants, as the IC50 of PP 2024, PP 2023, FBP 2023, FBP 2024, and Commercial P was 1062.5 ± 20.0, 1201.3 ± 22.0, 1304.6 ± 19.0, 1382.6 ± 29.9, and 1019.4 ± 17.1 mg/L, respectively. These findings indicate that lemon pectin has promising characteristics as a biopolymer for use in biomedical applications.

Value addition to dietetic frozen yoghurt through use of fruit peel solids

The study pertains to preparing value added frozen yoghurt through use of orange peel powder (OPP). The quality aspects of medium-fat (6.0% fat) frozen yoghurt prepared using OPP at three levels (1.5, 2.5, 3.5% as T1, T2 and T3 respectively) was studied. Frozen yoghurt was prepared by freezing blend of fermented yoghurt base with ice cream mix (25:75 w/w); other ingredients were sugar, stabilizer-emulsifier and orange crush. Inclusion of OPP in frozen yoghurt impacted the orange flavour favorably and enriched product with β-carotene and dietary fiber. The control product (TC) was prepared in similar manner, avoiding OPP. As the level of OPP was raised in formulation, there was a marked increase in the protein, carbohydrate, ash and total solids when compared with TC. Presence of OPP markedly affected the acidity, viscosity, overrun and melting resistance of the product; maximum overrun was associated with TC. Product T3 had the maximum acidity and viscosity; T2 had maximum total sensory score. It is recommended to prepare medium-fat frozen yoghurt utilizing 2.5% OPP along with orange crush as flavouring. Such inclusion of peel solids enriched the product with β-carotene and dietary fiber, contributed to stabilization of product and enhanced the products sensory acceptance.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Cream for Depigmentation

Pigmentation is the process in which the skin pigments are entirely gets tanned and turns into black color. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is produce selective effects for vitamin D synthesis, which causes melanin synthesis and pigmentation. Skin pigmentation is nowadays becoming a major problem. Due to this we used depigmenting agents which makes skin fairer. In present study we used the herbal materials which are having the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity which helps to reduce pigmentation. So, to overcome from the skin pigmentation we made the herbal cream which having a such type ingredients that which helps to reduce pigmentation and makes skin fair. For reduction of pigmentation, we formulated herbal cream by using Papaya Pulp, Aloe Vera, Pomegranate Peel Powder as well as Orange Peel Powder. These ingredients can reduce pigmentation by inhibiting tyrosine which is responsible for melanin secretion. The daily use of our herbal cream can reduce melanin quickly.

Evaluation of peel, flesh and seeds of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for biologically active components, through development of powders and ethanolic extracts

The bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), has been remained a well-known ethnic medicinal vegetable, used traditionally as a pharma food to obtain a plenty of pharmacological benefits. However, which fraction of fruit is most effective for provision of bioactive components, has been remained undiscovered yet. This study examined the chemical composition, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of peel, flesh, and seeds of bitter gourd. Our results showed that fat (3.50 ± 0.03%) and protein (3.40 ± 0.06%) content were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) high in bitter gourd seed powder (BSP), whereas ash (6.26 ± 0.06%) and fiber (5.46 ± 0.10%) in bitter gourd peel powder (BPP). Microminerals including Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were found significantly (P < 0.05) high in BSP, with values 3.95 ± 0.05, 4.92 ± 0.04, 2.44 ± 0.04 and 1.32 ± 0.20 mg/100 g, respectively, whereas, macrominerals, Ca (74.90 ± 0.60 mg/100 g) and Mg (52.59 ± 0.20 mg/100 g), in bitter gourd flesh powder (BFP). Total phenolic content (27.78 ± 0.95 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (12.18 ± 0.08 mg QE/100 g) and total antioxidant activity (16.87 ± 0.11 mg trolox/100 g) was highest in BSP. However, BFP exhibited the greatest total carotenoid content (93.45 ± 0.40 mg/100 g) and β–carotene content (41.72 ± 0.15 mg/100 g). HPLC analysis revealed that all fractions of bitter gourd were loaded with bioactives, as naringenin and catechin were highest in BFP, epicatechin, ferulic acid, kaempferol and p-coumaric acid were highest in BPP, whereas, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid and apigenin were highest in BSP. As compared to BFP and BPP, BSP exhibited the high concentration of important bioactive components, therefore instead of discarding these waste by-products of bitter gourd could be utilized as source of bioactives.

Flame-Retardant Coating on Wood Surface by Natural Biomass Polyelectrolyte via a Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Approach

In this study, environmentally friendly and low-cost biomass materials were selected as wood flame retardants. Three polyelectrolyte flame-retardant coatings made from chitosan (CS), tea polyphenols (TP), soybean isolate protein (SPI), and banana peel powder (BBP) were constructed on wood surfaces by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly. The results of SEM-EDS and FT-IR analyses confirmed the successful deposition of CS-TP, CS-SPI, and CS-BPP on the wood surface, and the content of N element increased. The TG results showed that the initial decomposition temperature and the maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the coated wood specimens decreased, while the char residue increased significantly. This is due to the earlier pyrolysis of CS-TP, CS-SPI, and CS-BBP. This shows that the three polyelectrolyte flame-retardant coatings can improve the thermal stability of wood. The combustion behavior of the wood specimen was observed by exposure to combustion; the coated wood could self-extinguish within a certain period of time after ignition, and the flame-retardant performance was improved to a certain extent. SEM and EDS characterization analyses of the carbon residue after combustion showed that the coated wood charcoal layer was denser, which could effectively block heat and combustible gas.