Aqueous Peel Extract Research Articles

Unleashing the Potential of Benincasa hispida Peel Extract: Synthesizing Selenium Nanoparticles with Remarkable Antibacterial and Anticancer Properties.

In this study, we successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles (P-SeNPs) using an environment-friendly approach. This method involves utilizing the aqueous peel extract of Benincasa hispida (ash gourd) in combination with selenium salt. Through our innovative procedure, we harnessed the impressive bio-reduction capabilities, therapeutic potential, and stabilizing attributes inherent in B. hispida. This results in the formation of P-SeNPs with distinct and noteworthy qualities. Our findings were thoroughly substantiated through comprehensive characterizations employing various techniques, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical shape, considerable size (22.32 ± 2nm), uniform distribution, and remarkable stability (-24mV), all of which signify the effective integration of the phytoconstituents of B. hispida. Furthermore, P-SeNPs displayed robust antibacterial efficacy against pathogenic bacterial strains, as indicated by their low minimum inhibitory concentration values. Our research also revealed the remarkable ability of P-SeNPs to fight cancer, as demonstrated by their impressive IC50 value of 0.19µg/mL against HeLa cells, while showing no harm to primary human osteoblasts, while simultaneously demonstrating no toxicity toward primary human osteoblasts. These pivotal findings underscore the transformative nature of P-SeNPs, which holds promise for targeted antibacterial treatment and advancements in cancer therapeutics. The implications of these nanoparticles extend to their potential applications in therapies, diagnostics, and various biomedical contexts. Notably, the environmentally sustainable synthesis process and exceptional properties established this study as a significant milestone in the field of nanomedicine, paving the way for a more promising and health-enhancing future.

The Antimicrobial and Mosquitocidal Activity of Green Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by an Aqueous Peel Extract of Punica granatum

An aqueous extract of Punica granatum peel was used as a biocatalyst for magnesium oxide nanoparticle (MgO-NP) synthesis, which was characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, and zeta potential. Data showed the efficacy of the plant aqueous extract in forming spherical, crystalline-nature, well-arranged MgO-NPs with sizes in the range of 10–45 nm with average sizes of 24.82 ± 8.85 nm. Moreover, EDX analysis revealed that the highest weight and atomic percentages were recorded for Mg and O ions. The green synthesized MgO-NPs showed antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in a concentration-dependent manner with clear zones in the range of 8.7 ± 0.6 to 19.7 ± 0.5 mm with various concentrations. Also, the MIC value was varied to be 25 µg mL−1 for Gram-negative bacteria, B. subtilis, and C. albicans and 50 µg mL−1 for S. aureus. Moreover, MgO-NPs showed high activity against the 3rd-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The mortality percentages were concentration- and time-dependent. Data analysis showed that the highest mortality was 88.3 ± 3.2%, attained at a concentration of 100 µg mL−1 after 72 h. Also, all originated pupae were malformed and did not hatch to adults, with mortality percentages of 100% at all concentrations. Overall, the P. granatum-mediated MgO-NPs showed promising activity in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microbes and the hatching of C. quinquefasciatus larvae to adults.

Exploring Kinnow mandarin's hidden potential: Nature's key to antimicrobial and antidiabetic gold nanoparticles (K-AuNPs)

This pioneering study aims to address the paradox of the highly regarded Kinnow mandarin fruit, whose valuable peels have been considered undesired remnants from industrial fruit juice production. The study proposes the utilization of these discarded peels to synthesize ecologically safe gold nanoparticles (K-AuNPs) through a one-pot method. The objectives of this research are to synthesize K-AuNPs using an ecologically safe single-step approach, utilizing discarded Kinnow mandarin fruit peels, and to assess their antibacterial and antidiabetic potential.The validation of K-AuNPs involved various techniques including UV–visible spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, and zeta-potential investigations. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis was compared to levofloxacin and Kinnow mandarin aqueous peel extract (KAPE). Furthermore, the anti-diabetic efficacy was evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase experiments, comparing K-AuNPs to pure KAPE and the standard inhibitor acarbose.The results confirmed the successful synthesis of K-AuNPs from KAPE, as evidenced by UV-spectral profiles (527 nm), TEM micrographs (∼21 d. nm), dynamic light scattering (65 d.nm), and zeta-potential (-12 mV). The K-AuNPs demonstrated a superior zone of inhibition and lower MIC values against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, surpassing levofloxacin and KAPE alone. Additionally, the K-AuNPs exhibited potent anti-diabetic efficacy, outperforming both pure KAPE and acarbose at a lower dosage.To sum up, the process of producing K-AuNPs utilizing Kinnow mandarin peel extracts demonstrates a powerful antibacterial and antidiabetic remedy sourced from previously discarded materials. These findings signify a significant leap forward in the domain of natural product exploration, with the potential to fundamentally reshape modern healthcare approaches.

Biosynthesis, characterization, and investigation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of silver nanoparticles using Solanum tuberosum peel aqueous extract

Metallic nanoparticle biosynthesis is thought to offer opportunities for a wide range of biological uses. The green process of turning biological waste into utilizable products gaining attention due to its economical and eco-friendly approach in recent years. This study reported the ability of Solanum tuberosum (ST) peel extract to the green synthesis of non-toxic, stable, small-sized silver nanoparticles without any toxic reducing agent utilizing the phytochemical components present in its structure. UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, flourier scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive analysis X-ray confirmed the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. Also, dynamic light scattering and thermogravimetric analyses showed stable synthesized nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against four different bacterial strains, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and a yeast, Candida albicans (C. albicans) using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique. The cytotoxic activities were determined against Human dermal fibroblast (HDF), glioblastoma (U118), colorectal adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2), and human ovarian (Skov-3) cell lines cancer cells using MTT test. The nanoparticle capping agents that could be involved in the reduction of silver ions to Ag NPs and their stabilization was identified using FTIR. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape and had a size ranging from 3.91 to 27.07 nm, showed crystalline nature, good stability (−31.3 mV), and the presence of capping agents. ST-Ag NPs significantly decreased the growth of bacterial strains after treatment. The in vitro analysis showed that the ST-Ag NPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against cell lines. Based on the data, it is feasible to infer that biogenic Ag NPs were capped with functional groups and demonstrated considerable potential as antibacterial and anticancer agents for biomedical and industrial applications.

Synthesis, characterization, and anticarcinogenic potent of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles via Citrus aurantium aqueous peel extract

Synthesis of nanoparticles with a green approach using plants has attracted great attention from scientific communities because of its characteristics, such as environmentally friendly and time-efficient. In this study, green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was performed by Citrus aurantium aqueous peel extract. UV–VIS, FTIR, zeta potential, SEM, and EDX were used in characterization studies. In the UV–Vis spectrum, a heightening of the absorbance was monitored in the range of 260–390 nm specific to ZnO. The mean particle size of zinc oxide NPs (ZnONPs) was characterized as 632 ± 41 nm with low polydispersity (0.174 ± 0.055). As a result of EDX analysis, the presence of Zn in the scanned area was determined as 2.32%. The cytotoxic behaviors of ZnONPs on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were carried out by MTT method. It was discovered that after ZnONPs application, cell migration decreased and apoptotic cell rate increased with Hoescht/PI staining in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Dragon fruit peel extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum causing anthracnose in chilli

Plant extracts have been used as reducing and stabilising agents to synthesise various metal-based nanoparticles due to their cost-effective and eco-friendly nature. In the present work, a green and environment-friendly method is adopted for synthesising silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using a biowaste of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) peel aqueous extract at 80ºC in an alkaline condition. The Ag NPs were characterised through various analytical and microscopic techniques. The UV-Vis spectra of Ag NPs showed a characteristic peak between 400 - 410 nm. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies confirmed spherical monodispersed particles with an average size of 7 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of silver and silver chloride among the principal elements. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectra showed the crystalline nature of synthesised silver and silver chloride nanoparticles. The synthesised nanoparticles showed potential antifungal activity against Colletotrichum truncatum spores in both in vitro conidial germination and spread plate assays. The efficacy of the synthesised NPs confirmed that these NPs could be used as potential antifungal agents against C. truncatum to control anthracnose in chilli.

Efficient production of 4-acetylantroquinonol B in submerged cultures of Antrodia cinnamomea via addition of Chinese herbal medicine extracts

Antrodia cinnamomea is a valuable fungus. The 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) contained in it has strong anticancer activity. In this study, five kinds of herbs, burdock, wolfberry, coix seed, hawthorn, and tangerine peel were selected and processed into powders, aqueous extracts, and ethanolic extracts to investigate the effects on the production of 4-AAQB by A. cinnamomea. A combination strategy was conducted by adding burdock and tangerine peel aqueous extract. By this means, the production of 4-AAQB was improved to 54.5 mg/L, which was approximately 33-fold higher than the control. After analysis of components of the tangerine peel aqueous extract and the addition of the major components, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, and their analogs played an important role in the synthesis of 4-AAQB. It was demonstrated that the addition of Chinese herbs facilitated both cell growth of A. cinnamomea and 4-AAQB production, providing a feasible way to increase the yield of 4-AAQB.

Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Nephelium lappaceum fruit peel

In the present work, the qualitative analysis of Nephelium lappaceum fruit peel was performed from aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts. The phytochemicals present in the Nephelium lappaceum fruit peel were alkaloids, steroids, tannins, soponins, terpenoids, phenols and flavonoids. Silver nanoparticles produced by green synthesis using fruit peel extracts as reducing agents have photocatalytic properties. The nanoparticles synthesized fruit peel was studied and characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy and FT-IR. Seven pathogens, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp, S. aureus and Proteus sp and two fungal pathogens, Candida sp and Fusarium sp, were tested for antibacterial activity of Nephelium lappaceum fruit peel aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts. Total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, reducing power and ABTS were used to test the free radical scavenging activities of Nephelium lappaceum fruit peel extract. Membrane stabilisation and heat induced hemolysis, were used to test the anti-inflammatory effects of various extracts of Nephelium lappaceum fruit peel. In comparison to aqueous and ethanol extracts, methanol extracts had the highest anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Green synthesis and evaluation of antipathogenic, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from Allium cepa L. peel aqueous extract

Green synthesis and evaluation of antipathogenic, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) from Allium cepa L. peel aqueous extract

Phyto-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using mango (Mangifera indica) fruit peel extract and their antibacterial activity

A facile and eco-friendly procedure was developed to fabricate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using an aqueous extract of mango fruit peel (MFP), a by-product of agroindustry. The ZnO NPs were fabricated using zinc acetate as a precursor and MFP extract as a reducing and capping agent in a neutral environment (pH 7). The UV-visible spectrum supported the formation of ZnO NPs, showing a distinctive absorption peak at 368 nm. The presence of a ZnO crystalline phase was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) evaluation demonstrated that the biomolecules present in the MFP extract actively contributed to zinc ion reduction. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image, the surface morphology of ZnO NPs showed a mixture of spherical and flake-like shapes with particle sizes ranging from ~20 to ~90 nm. Based on antibacterial analysis using the agar diffusion method, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs at 3% w/v were active against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus with diameter inhibitions of 8, 19, and 10 mm, respectively. In summary, this present work highlights that ZnO NPs can be synthesized using a by-product of agroindustry. More importantly, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs can be applied as an antibacterial agent.

Antibacterial potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles derived from pineapple peel aqueous extract

Pineapple peel waste contains antioxidant molecules. This paper describes a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles using pineapple peel aqueous extract. This method aims to reduce the use of harmful chemicals in producing ZnO nanoparticles using zinc nitrate as a salt precursor and evaluating their antibacterial. Pineapple peel aqueous extract was obtained by macerating pineapple peel powder in distilled water. Engaging Zn(NO3)2, pineapple peel aqueous extract, and NaOH, ZnO NPs were successfully prepared by biosynthesis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the formation of ZnO NPs, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to see the morphology and size distribution of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of pineapple peel extract-ZnO nanoparticles (pp-ZnO NPs) against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was evaluated by an agar disc diffusion method. The SEM images showed that by applying pineapple peel aqueous extract, the pp-ZnO with an average size below 100 nm with a mixture of flakes and rod-like shapes were obtained. The XRD pattern confirmed the wurtzite phase of ZnO, while antibacterial assay results showed that the pp-ZnO actively inhibited B. subtilis and E.coli. at concentrations of 5 and 10 wt%. Therefore, phyto-assisted synthesis mediated by pineapple peel wastes is a promising green approach to preparing ZnO nanoparticles.

Effect of Chicken Breed and Lychee Peel Aqueous Extract on the Proximate and Other Properties of Generated Meat Patties

Effect of Chicken Breed and Lychee Peel Aqueous Extract on the Proximate and Other Properties of Generated Meat Patties

Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using an Aqueous Extract of Punica granatum for Antimicrobial and Catalytic Activity.

The peel aqueous extract of Punica granatum was utilized to fabricate zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as a green approach. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy, which was attached to an energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Spherical, well arranged, and crystallographic structures of ZnO-NPs were formed with sizes of 10-45 nm. The biological activities of ZnO-NPs, including antimicrobial and catalytic activity for methylene blue dye, were assessed. Data analysis showed that the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as unicellular fungi, was observed to occur in a dose-dependent manner, displaying varied inhibition zones and low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the ranges of 6.25-12.5 µg mL-1. The degradation efficacy of methylene blue (MB) using ZnO-NPs is dependent on nano-catalyst concentration, contact time, and incubation condition (UV-light emission). The maximum MB degradation percentages of 93.4 ± 0.2% was attained at 20 µg mL-1 after 210 min in presence of UV-light. Data analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the degradation percentages after 210, 1440, and 1800 min. Moreover, the nano-catalyst showed high stability and efficacy to degrade MB for five cycles with decreasing values of 4%. Overall, P. granatum-based ZnO-NPs are promising tools to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes and degradation of MB in the presence of UV-light emission.

Green Synthesis Optimization and Characterization of Selenium Nanoparticle Using Aqueous Extract of Peel Solanum Melongena L.

Recently, employing vegetable peel waste in green biosynthetic methods has received increased attention. It has low toxicity levels, is safe for the environment, and is simple to produce. The purpose of this research was to develop a sustainable technique of synthesizing SeNPs from an aqueous extract of eggplant peel. Because of this, selenium nanoparticles were produced in a single step utilizing an aqueous extract of peel Solanum melongena L. as a reducing and capping agent. The nanoparticles, which were studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy, had a surface Plasmon resonance centered at 320 nm. Nanoparticles sized between 50 and 150 nm were observed using a scanning electron microscope, while X-ray diffraction patterns revealed their amorphous, face-centered structure. Current research looks into how optimizing factors like reaction time, temperature, pH, selenous acid concentration, and reactant mixing ratio affect the quality of produced selenium nanoparticles. We found that 30 mM selenous acid, 30 degrees Celsius, pH 4, 9 days of incubation, and a 2:10 ratio of aqueous extract to selenous acid produced the highest quality selenium nanoparticles.

IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA METABOLIT SEKUNDER DAN UJI TOKSISITAS HASIL FRAKSINASI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

East Kalimantan, especially the cities of Tana Paser, is one of the producers of dragon fruit, especially red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). The amount of consumer interest in red dragon fruit results in a large amount of dragon fruit peel waste that is not utilized. Several studies have shown that red dragon fruit skin extract has toxic properties that can be applied to cancer cells. So in this study, the extraction and fractionation process was carried out which was then continued with phytochemical tests and BSLT tests with the aim of knowing secondary metabolites in the aqueous extract fraction, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction with phytochemical test methods and to determine the toxicity of the fraction. aqueous extract, ethyl acetate extract fraction and n-hexane extract fraction were carried out using the BSLT test method. The results of the phytochemical test showed that the aqueous fraction extract of dragon fruit peel contained alkaloids, phenolics and saponins. The extract of the ethyl acetate fraction of dragon fruit peel contains phenolics and flavonoids. Fralsi n-hexane dragon fruit peel \contains triterpenoids. The results of the BSLT test showed that the LC50 value of the aqueous fraction extract was 451.855 ppm, the ethyl acetate fraction extract was 374.024 ppm, and the n-hexane fraction extract was 312.176 ppm which overall was classified as moderately toxic. The highest toxicity effectiveness was shown in the n-hexane fraction extract with triterpenoid secondary metabolite compounds.

Potential of Agricultural Residues from Musa acuminata (Cavendish) Peel: Study on Physicochemical Properties and Thin-Layer Drying Characteristic

Musa acuminata (Cavendish) peel is a waste product of limited values that is generated in large quantities and caused detrimental environmental issues in long term if there are no alternative solutions. This primary residue corresponds to 40 % of the fruit weight with a broad natural antioxidant such as polyphenols that will be valuable to the food industry application. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and solvent extraction for high polyphenols recovery between unripe and ripe peel following the drying characteristic and quantification analysis. The physicochemical characteristics of Cavendish peel showed significant differences at different ripening stages, thus effect the solvent extraction towards antioxidant compounds and activities. An aqueous extract of unripe peel was the best solvent for higher phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content compared to ripe peel. The 40 °C of drying treatment will preserve higher tannin content than other temperature and eleven profile of polyphenols had been detected using HPLC including tannic acid as a lead compound. The results from this study can be used for further isolation and purification of tannin to the possible application as functional food ingredients due to its antioxidants benefits and conversion of this residues as valuable is necessary. HIGHLIGHTS The unripe Cavendish peel contain higher antioxidant content and activities compare to the ripe peel Aqueous extraction showed the highest total tannin content recovery compared to other solvents The drying condition at 40 °C give the best recovery of tannin content from the Cavendish peel Tannic acid as a lead compound detected by the HPLC analysis GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial-prebiotic: Novel dual approach of pomegranate peel extract in vitro and in food system

Natural antimicrobials have recently received more attention as means for addressing health concerns; however, most of these substances affect both probiotic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, natural antimicrobials which are specific to pathogenic bacteria and their applications within food systems require more investigation. This study evaluated antimicrobial effects of pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PPAE) on pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteric Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, and two probiotics bacteria: Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium lactis. Inhibition zone tests revealed excellent antimicrobial activity against the four tested pathogens while PPAE didn't inhibit probiotic bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration were evaluated against the four pathogenic bacteria. Regarding to MIC values against tested pathogenic bacteria, different concentrations of PPAE ranging from 0.125 to 0.750 mg/mL were evaluated against the two probiotic bacteria. PPAE showed a protective effect on the two tested probiotics. HPLC analysis of PPAE revealed that catechin, protocatechuic, and rutin were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Adding PPAE at MIC concentration to soft cheese reduced E. coli by almost 2 log compared with controls, while B. lactis count was boosted after 30 days of cold storage. Moreover, the total viable and psychrotrophic bacteria counts were decreased compared with controls, and the combination of probiotic bacteria and PPAE improved the overall acceptability of the cheese. This study confirmed that using PPEA can suppress the growth of E. coli in cheese supplemented with probiotic bacteria and enhances shelf life. Furthermore, PPAE increased the antioxidant capacity of cheese.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Allium cepa L. Peel Extract, Their Antioxidant, Antipathogenic, and Anticholinesterase Activity

The present work deals with the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Allium cepa (yellowish peel) and the evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. For the synthesis of AgNPs, peel aqueous extract (200 mL) was treated with a 40 mM AgNO3 solution (200 mL) at room temperature, and a color change was observed. In UV-Visible spectroscopy, an absorption peak formation at ~439 nm was the sign that AgNPs were present in the reaction solution. UV-vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, AFM, XRD, TG/DT analyses, and Zetasizer techniques were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The crystal average size and zeta potential of AC-AgNPs with predominantly spherical shapes were measured as 19.47 ± 1.12 nm and -13.1 mV, respectively. Pathogenic microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were used for the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) test. When compared to tested standard antibiotics, AC-AgNPs demonstrated good growth inhibitory activities on P. aeuruginosa, B. subtilis, and S. aureus strains. In vitro, the antioxidant properties of AC-AgNPs were measured using different spectrophotometric techniques. In the β-Carotene linoleic acid lipid peroxidation assay, AC-AgNPs showed the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 116.9 µg/mL, followed by metal-chelating capacity and ABTS cation radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 120.4 µg/mL and 128.5 µg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory effects of produced AgNPs on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric techniques. This study provides an eco-friendly, inexpensive, and easy method for the synthesis of AgNPs that can be used for biomedical activities and also has other possible industrial applications.

Chemical constituents and biological activities of different extracts from ginger plant (Zingiber officinale)

BackgroundGinger is widely used in traditional food and folk medicine. It was known to contain monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolic compounds and its derivatives as well as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and esters. The current work aims to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer activities of different extracts from ginger peels and residues.MethodsGinger samples were collected from local market and extracted using water and ethanol solvent. Four different antioxidant assays were used (DPPH, ABTS, potassium permanganate and methylene blue), the anticancer activity was determined using HepG2 cell line and the active ingredients for the promising extract were identified using HPLC/UV.ResultsThe obtained results recorded that hot water extract of ginger peels was the promising extract exhibiting promising antioxidant activity. Fractionation of this promising extract was achieved by silica gel column chromatography with petroleum ether/ethyl acetate as mobile phase. Six fractions were produced. Thin layer chromatography (TLCF254) was used for separation of active compounds and bioautography confirmed their antioxidant efficiency. Higher antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against HepG2 cell line was recorded by fraction No. 4. Cold water extract of ginger peels exhibited comparatively higher antioxidant efficiency while both aqueous peel extracts showed antibacterial efficiency against four Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains using well diffusion assay.ConclusionGinger peels hot water extract is the promising extract as antioxidant, antiradical, antibacterial and anticancer.Graphical

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Protease Inhibitory Activity of Potato Peel.

Background: Due to having health hazards of artificial preservatives, natural preservatives having anti-enzymatic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties are drawing the attention of food scientists. Objectives: Potato peel can be a cheap and available source of preservatives as it is considered a waste after processing its tuber. Methods: We evaluated the serine protease inhibitory activity, antibacterial activity by Disc diffusion assay, and antioxidant properties by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and Ferric-ion reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) of crude methanol and aqueous extract of potato peel. In addition, Total phenol, flavonoid, and tannin content were also quantified in both crude extracts. Results: Crude methanol extract was found more potential to have significant serine protease inhibition activity (IC50 = 534.87 μg/mL), DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 183.56 μg/mL), and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) value of 351.81 µM Fe(II)/100µg of dried extract. Moreover, the total phenol, flavonoid and tannin content of the methanol extract were higher than the aqueous extract. Also, crude methanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) against Vibrio cholera and Salmonella typhi (13.63 ± 0.53 and 13.25 ± 0.35 mm respectively). Later, column chromatography for the enrichment of total flavonoid content of methanol fractions exhibited elevated flavonoid content and serine protease inhibitory activity than crude methanol extract. Conclusion: This study showed, the methanol extract of potato peel is more potential than water extract.