Pedestrian Space Research Articles

The Principles of the Formation of the Environment of Pedestrian Spaces in the Context of Modern Urban Planning from the Standpoint of Sustainable Development

Architectural environment of pedestrian spaces is the main platform from which a person perceives the urban space and interacts with it. A well-functioning system of pedestrian space is a multi-level structure efficiently organized at the local level, Integrated at the regional and Incorporated at the federal levels. Thus, the strategic policy in pedestrian space systems development shall rest on the hierarchic and multidimensional approach. On this basis we developed a multilevel system of construction principles for pedestrian spaces including basic and general principles as well as the system performance principles for any of the area planning levels. Continual quality improvement of the architectural environment of pedestrian spaces based on these principles implementation lets us develop the comfortable, safe, attractive and healthy urban environment decreasing time and material inputs both for current and future generations of its residents and brings along the sustainable development of the society and cities.

The Effect of Permeable Pavement on Pedestrian Walkway for Human Comfort

This paper describes the effect of material selection for the human movement’s comfortable space on pedestrian walkway. Social interaction between humans and also human interaction with the surrounding environment take place in this pedestrian space. One of the important elements on the pedestrian space is the pavement material. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the selection of permeable pavement material in the pedestrian walkway and the human comfort movement. The study case is conducted in the campus area of the University of Indonesia, where most of the pedestrian walkway is using permeable pavement material. The observation was held during the time before and after the rain. The discussion of this study includes the discussion of the character and performance of the permeable pavement material, the space created by human movement and the activities in the pedestrian walkway, and the effect of permeable pavement material on human comfort movement.

Evaluation of wind gust at pedestrian space with a small thermistor anemometer in wind tunnel experiment

Evaluation of wind gust at pedestrian space with a small thermistor anemometer in wind tunnel experiment

Social-Aware Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction via States Refinement LSTM.

In the task of pedestrian trajectory prediction, social interaction could be one of the most complicated factors since it is difficult to be interpreted through simple rules. Recent studies have shown a great ability of LSTM networks in learning social behaviors from datasets, e.g., introducing LSTM hidden states of the neighbors at the last time step into LSTM recursion. However, those methods depend on previous neighboring features which lead to a delayed observation. In this paper, we propose a data-driven states refinement LSTM network (SR-LSTM) to enable the utilization of the current intention of neighbors through a message passing framework. Moreover, the model performs in the form of self-updating by jointly refining the current states of all participants, rather than an input-output mechanism served by feature concatenation. In the process of states refinement, a social-aware information selection module consisting of an element-wise motion gate and a pedestrian-wise attention is designed to serve as the guidance of the message passing process. Considering the pedestrian walking space as a graph where each pedestrian is a node and each pedestrian pair with an edge, spatial-edge LSTMs are further exploited to enhance the model capacity, where two kinds of LSTMs interact with each other so that states of them are interactively refined. Experimental results on four widely used pedestrian trajectory datasets, ETH, UCY, PWPD, and NYGC demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

How the position of trees planting can improve the near-road air quality exposed to CO<SUB align="right">2 emission from transportation

This research focuses on evaluating the row position of trees planting to the near-road air quality exposed to CO2 emitted from transportation. Since emission spread quickly to the roadside, it caused highly concentrated CO2 in ambient air that may harm human health, meanwhile the roadside is public space for pedestrians. The design of trees planting is necessarily critical in controlling air quality. This research provides four positions of trees planting simulated in Surabaya City, Indonesia, and created the physical condition according to the actual condition in a real 3D environment. CO2 emission was also calculated based on real data, simulated it using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The result displayed that the position of trees planting impact on the air quality was caused by CO2 dispersion. Planting the trees as a barrier between roadside and road in double-row position is an effective way of decreasing CO2 dispersion.

نقش محورهای پیاده در توسعه پایدار شهری مورد مطالعه: پیاده راه مسیر کوتی سنگی الی کارته مامورین

One of the serious problems in urban communities today is the excessive attention to the movement of riders and no efforts have been made to improve the quality of pedestrian spaces. Public spaces, especially pedestrians, are one of the essential elements of daily life of citizens and the most important part of urban spaces. Walking is one of the most stable methods of transportation in cities and in different social, economic, cultural and physical directions leads to sustainable urban development. Kabul city has high and considerable putnasils in the field of pedestrianism, but considerable work in this area has not been done in terms of research or practical. The present study has been conducted to explain the importance of pedestrians in the paradigm of sustainable development in Kabul city and the analytical research method is descriptive and using SPSS software, the collected data have been analysed and analysed, and the results of this study indicate that the components of vitality, readability of security ... And it is not in a good condition and by increasing the promotion of these components, the development of sustainability in Kabul city will be favorable.

The Relationship Between Social Innovation and Active Mobility Public Services

This article aims to discuss the relationship between social innovation and public services on active mobility. Two active mobility initiatives are considered in the city of São Paulo, and analyzed based on 11 variables that characterize social innovation. Through the mapping of recent Brazilian regulatory frameworks for active mobility and a low-carbon economy, we can propose the following relationship: the more local (municipal) the public policy, the greater its social influence and participation. However, despite the advances indicated by both experiences of active mobility analyzed (highlighting the role of organized civil society), and by the progress in the regulatory framework, until now innovative practices in the local context have been restricted to the treatment of pedestrian spaces. Therefore, there exists a great potential for the continued introduction of innovations in the improvement and scale of public services for pedestrian mobility, following the paradigm of sustainable urban mobility, and based on social participation.

Историко-социологическая ретроспектива изучения вовлеченности индивида в коммуникативное пространство города

The paper analyses social mechanisms of inclusion in urban space in historical and sociological retrospective. The research examines the evolution of views on the factors of involvement in urban space in sociological urban theories. Sociological understanding of involvement in urban space included the analysis and reconstruction of views of the German classics of sociology (F. Engels, M. Weber, F. Tönnies, G. Simmel), representatives of the Chicago school of sociology (R. Park, L. Wirth, E. Burgess), individual-oriented urbanistic theories (J. Gehl, J. Jacobs), the theory of right to the city (A. Lefebvre, D. Harvey, D. Mitchell), the theory of the third place of R. Oldenburg, the concept of the information city of M. Castels, and the media-city concept of S. McQuire. The author systematized and generalized the factors of involvement of an individual in urban space. The position in the system of social and economic relations, the evolved system of pedestrian public spaces, and modern information and communication technologies were identified as the most significant drivers of involvement in urban space.

Road network concept in the central area of Banja Luka

The central zone of the city is the largest group of destination targets and as such attracts a large amount of daily migration. The basic idea of sustainable urban mobility is to provide a better quality space for pedestrians and cyclists as carriers of a sustainable way of movement through the discouragement of individual motorized traffic. The article presents one view of the organization of the city road network with the aim of achieving the sustainability of the system in the central city zone of Banja Luka.

Understanding the Legacy of Pedestrian Malls

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In the postwar period, cities in the United States installed pedestrian malls to support downtown retail as suburbanization lured shoppers to malls on the periphery. Many cities removed their malls after downtown retail continued to falter. This failure has fostered a negative perception of pedestrian malls among city planners and the general public. In this research I re-examine pedestrian malls as public space and ask why some cities removed their malls while others remain. I compiled a catalog of all 140 pedestrian malls built between 1959 and 1985 that provides the data to understand the full scope of the phenomenon during this era. The catalog also includes data that tests hypotheses about why some pedestrian malls survived, including climate, proximity to a university, and nearby population. I supplement the catalog with a survey of pedestrian mall managers to understand the role of renovation and management in their survival. The results show pedestrian malls are more likely to survive in places with temperate climates, near universities, and in growing cities, though there are exceptions. City governments or business improvement districts actively manage many remaining malls, and programming and periodic renovations have helped them remain vibrant.Takeaway for practice: Old pedestrian malls failed because cities installed them to save retail and did not consider the fundamentals of placemaking when siting and designing them. Many remaining pedestrian malls are in areas with high pedestrian volumes. Cities have continued to design and manage these spaces according to best practices. Planners considering new pedestrian spaces should not be deterred by the history of old pedestrian malls, as long as they choose their site carefully and manage the space to keep it safe, clean, and inviting.

Optimization of utilization pedestrian trails and green lines in the city

Pedestrian and green lanes are needed to increase the comfort of the activities of urban communities to support population circulation, beautify the city, and maintain the air quality in cities. Nevertheless, the condition of pedestrian and green lanes in urban areas is often not well maintained so that their utilization is not optimal. This can be seen from the improper use of pedestrian paths, damage to supporting facilities, and the death of plants planted in the green lane. This study identified the characteristics of pedestrian paths and green lanes in downtown Garut and evaluated the use of pedestrian paths and green lines in urban areas. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis. The perception of the community of pedestrian users was analyzed from the results of the questionnaire. Respondent was chosen randomly from pedestrian and green lane users along Ahmad Yani road, which is the center of Garut. The condition of the pedestrian path along the Ahmad Yani road from the Asian crossing to the Bunderan Suci was damaged in several points so that it disturbed the comfort of pedestrians. Circulation of pedestrians is also disrupted because some pedestrian spaces are used by street vendors to sell. The pedestrian facilities along Ahmad Yani road are still incomplete, and some of them are in damaged condition. Facilities that are damaged and not as needed are benches, lack of trash bins, and non-lit lighting. Plants in open space, which is a green path are in poorly maintained condition, and many even die. Community perceptions of the importance of the existence of pedestrian lanes and green lanes also influence the awareness of the user community to help maintain and maintain pedestrian paths and green lanes in urban cities.

Holistic methodological framework for the characterization of urban sustainability and strategic planning

Abstract In the past decades several attempts were made for the ad-hoc application of systems of indicators as decision-support tools towards sustainable urban development. The selected systems’ results are often questioned, either for the suitability of the selected system per se, or for its ability to characterize effectively urban sustainability. In the attempt to satisfy the demanding needs of indicators’ systems, the primar reason for which such tools were introduced is often neglected and we enter into an endless, time consuming process of arithmetic calculations, forgetting about the need to link results to strategies and applicable measures. Citizens’ perception and social maturity to accept decisions, as well as the multiplying effect of decisions to the environment, applicability and funding availability, are criteria that need to be considered, before the uptake of decisions. The current study introduces an ‘‘Indicator System for Characterization of Urban Sustainability’’ (ICARUS). ICARUS is a system for the elaboration of sustainability profile of a city. It addresses the Euro-Mediterranean urban contexts that from an eco-systemic approach point of view interact in a unique way with sustainability pillars. It is designed for aiding the delivery of the sustainability agenda as well. The methodological framework leads to a prioritized list of sustainability measures that takes into consideration not only stand-alone data but also citizens’ perception and assessment against other important criteria. The methodology is applied for the case of Municipality of Thessaloniki, in Greece. Proximity to basic services, green element and space for pedestrians are the most highly hierarchized measures.

The visual quality of streets: A human-centred continuous measurement based on machine learning algorithms and street view images

This study proposes a workable approach for quantitatively measuring the perceptual-based visual quality of streets, which has often relied on subjective impressions or feelings. With the help of recently emerged street view images and machine learning algorithms, an evaluation model has been trained to assess the perceived visual quality with accuracy similar to that of experienced urban designers, to provide full coverage and detailed results for a citywide area. The town centre of Shanghai was selected for the site. Around 140,000 screenshots from Baidu Street View were processed and a machine learning algorithm, SegNet, was applied to intelligently extract the pixels representing key elements affecting the visual quality of streets, including the building frontage, greenery, sky view, pedestrian space, motorisation, and diversity. A Java-based program was then produced to automatically collect the preferences of experienced urban designers on representative sample images. Another machine learning algorithm, i.e. an artificial neural network, was used to train an evaluation model to achieve a citywide, high-resolution evaluation of the visual quality of the streets. Further validation through different approaches shows this evaluation model obtains a satisfactory accuracy. The results from the artificial neural network also help to explore the high or low effects of various key elements on visual quality. In short, this study contributes to the development of human-centred planning and design by providing continuous measurements of an ‘unmeasurable’ quality across large-scale areas. Meanwhile, insights on the perceptual-based visual quality and detailed mapping of various key elements in streets can assist in more efficient street renewal by providing accurate design guidance.

Person re-identification by integrating metric learning and support vector machine

Person re-identification (PRID) refers to a technology of matching person across non-overlapping camera views. Metric learning is one of the most commonly used methods in PRID. However, most of them do not explore the label information carried by the labeled training samples, which limits the improvement of recognition performance. To this end, we propose a joint learning method by integrating the discriminative metric learning, the support vector machine (SVM) and the identity discriminator into one model, so as to realize joint construction of metric learning and identity discriminator. In this process, the label information carried by the training samples is fully exploited and the latent identify space of pedestrians is constructed by predicting the person’s identity. To mitigate the appearance ambiguity caused by the variations in camera views, body poses, illumination and occlusion, we develop an extreme distance regularization term and introduce it into the joint learning framework to refine the solution spaces of the metric learning and discriminator. Finally, we present a similarity measure method by combining the advantages of the metric learning and the identity discriminator. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets show that the proposed method significantly outperforms some state-of-the-art methods.

There Has Been a Long Road for Blind Road--Dujiangyan Blind Road System Research Based on Space Perception

In recent years, with the continuous increase of the number of blind people in China, the construction of blind roads and their ancillary facilities has become the focus of urban road pedestrian space planning and design. However, in practical use, the existing blind path does not really solve the problem of blind people’s travel and there are few blind people on the blind path. We use part of the primary and secondary trunk road and branch of the blind road in Dujiangyan city as an example. By simulating the blind, feeling the blind track system in person, using the SD method to evaluate the status quo of the use of the existing blind road, we analyse and summarize the blind road system of Dujiangyan city from the angle of space perception, so as to provide certain reference and reference for the blind road system planning of city road pedestrian space.

Ciclos del viento como condicionante de diseño bioclimático y urbano para Ciudad Valles, S.L.P.

Objective: Identify and analyze the wind´s origin for seasons and periods of the day in the urban area of Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, officially with temperatures higher tan 113ºF. Establish the bases of wind urban planning and sustainable architecture to formally and functionally adapt the obstructions and wind´s guides in pedestrian traffic spaces and living place. Methodology: Descriptive and quantitative approach. Review of documentary sources, processing and analysis of statistical information CONAGUA with Excel software support, learning in the management of software WRPLOT See for the elaboration of graphs of roses of the winds. Contribution: Strengthen and support decisions about project development, programs and improvement for urban spaces, with a bioclimatic and sustainable vision. Clarify by graphs and compass roses the wind´s direction in the urban area of Ciudad Valles, S.L.P.

Evaluation of Pedestrian Space Ion Index by Land Use Type in Heat wave

Evaluation of Pedestrian Space Ion Index by Land Use Type in Heat wave

Micrometeorological determinants of pedestrian thermal exposure during record-breaking heat in Tempe, Arizona: Introducing the MaRTy observational platform

We report the first set of urban micrometeorological measurements for assessment of pedestrian thermal exposure during extreme heat in a dry climate. Hourly measurements of air temperature, humidity, wind speed and six-directional shortwave and longwave radiation were recorded with a mobile human-biometeorological station (MaRTy) from 10:00 to 21:00 local time, June 19, 2016, at 22 sites that include diverse microscale urban land cover. Sky view factor (SVF) and 360° pervious and impervious view factors for each location were calculated from six-directional fisheye photographs. Mean radiant temperature (TMRT) was determined using the six-directional method. Three-dimensional radiation budgets were decomposed into directional weighted shortwave and longwave radiation components to create a distinct TMRT profile for each site and determine the main drivers of TMRT and thermal exposure. Air temperature peaked locally at 48.5 °C, with a maximum TMRT of 76.4 °C at 15:00 MST in an east-west building canyon. Longwave radiation measured by laterally-oriented sensors dominated the TMRT budget, suggesting the importance of cooling vertical surfaces adjacent to pedestrians. Lateral shortwave radiation contributions were most spatially and temporally variable across TMRT profiles, reflecting the diverse shade conditions. The largest radiation fluxes contributing to TMRT were particularly sensitive to shade and secondarily to ground cover. Trees reduced afternoon TMRT up to 33.4 °C but exhibited a clear TMRT increase of up to 5 °C after sunset; during daytime, trees generated ground cover-dependent longwave radiant cooling or warming. Replacement of impervious with pervious ground cover cooled TMRT at all measurement times, even under dense tree shade. While recent work has found that adaptation cannot offset projected urban air temperature increases, outdoor thermal exposure depends on additional micrometeorological variables, including shortwave and longwave radiation, indicating the need and the opportunity to create pedestrian spaces that are radiantly cool within the context of future urban heat.

Identifying the Indoor Space Characteristics of an Urban Railway Station Based on Pedestrian Trajectory Data

Stations are being converted into various living spaces that can be used for public transportation, work, commerce, and leisure. To satisfy the various requirements and expectations for functional extension, it is necessary to investigate and understand the phenomena caused by users. A methodology to cluster the characteristics of pedestrian space of a railway station through the pedestrian trajectory data collected from an actual operating station is proposed in this paper. Then the spatial usability of the movement and stay of pedestrians were defined through the results of the clustering. The procedure to cluster the indoor space characteristics of an urban railway station in this study consists of four steps: data collection, feature vector extraction, K-means clustering, and cluster characteristics analysis. A case study was conducted for the Samseong station. The results of the proposed spatial clustering analysis showed that there are several types of spaces depending on the space occupancy characteristics of pedestrians. The proposed methodology could be applied to indoor space diagnosis from the perspective of station monitoring and management. In addition, the station operator could respond flexibly to unexpected events by monitoring the indoor spaces according to whether the flow is normal or suggestive of an emergency.

A cascaded multitask network with deformable spatial transform on person search

This article introduces a cascaded multitask framework to improve the performance of person search by fully utilizing the combination of pedestrian detection and person re-identification tasks. Inspired by Faster R-CNN, a Pre-extracting Net is used in the front part of the framework to produce the low-level feature maps of a query or gallery. Then, a well-designed Pedestrian Proposal Network called Deformable Pedestrian Space Transformer is introduced with affine transformation combined by parameterized sampler as well as deformable pooling dealing with the challenge of spatial variance of person re-identification. At last, a Feature Sharing Net, which consists of a convolution net and a fully connected layer, is applied to produce output for both detection and re-identification. Moreover, we compare several loss functions including a specially designed Online Instance Matching loss and triplet loss, which supervise the training process. Experiments on three data sets including CUHK-SYSU, PRW and SJTU318 are implemented and the results show that our work outperforms existing frameworks.