Pedestrian Fall Research Articles

2404 歩行転倒シミュレーションによる高齢者転倒骨折防止ヒッププロテクタの生体力学的評価(OS24-1.計算バイオメカニクス(1),OS・一般セッション講演)

近年急速に増大している高齢者転倒による大腿骨頸部骨折に対しては,避けられなかった転倒における安全手段として有効なプロテクタが必要とされている.本研究では,高齢歩行者転倒を模擬したコンピュータシミュレーションを応用して,転倒骨折防止,もしくは危険性低減に有効なヒッププロテクタ形状の検討を行った.解析結果から,本研究で提案する新しい形状のヒッププロテクタの有効性を示すことが出来た.

Forensic Engineering Use Of Walkway Traction Testing

Pedestrian Fall Events Are Frequently Linked To Slippery Walkway Surfaces. Friction Is The Measured Quantity At Issue In Traction Testing Which Has Been Conducted Using Various Devices For Over 80 Years. The Various Available Devices (Called Tribometers) Each Have Their Advocates, Resulting In A Certain Amount Of Controversy. Robust Analysis Of Walkway Traction Requires An Understanding Of Individual Tribometer Characteristics And Knowledge Of Potential Limitations In The Ability To Test Certain Surfaces & Contaminants. It Is Also Necessary To Understand The Status Of Relevant Traction Testing Standards And To Be Familiar With Current Research Which Links Tribometer And Human Subject Testing To Provide Required Friction Values For Safe Pedestrian Ambulation.

Biomechanical Evaluations of Hip Fracture Mechanism in Pedestrian Fall Accident

Hip fracture is one of the most important topics in geriatric medicine because the number of this injury is increasing rapidly with the population of the elderly people. To clarify the mechanism of hip fracture and investigate the method of fracture prevention, we developed a fall simulation system which considers the boundary conditions at real fall accidents. Firstly, we constructed a pedestrian multibody model and compared the results of the fall simulations by the model with those of the volunteer fall experiment in a literature. The simulation results showed a distribution of fall direction similar to that of the experimental data. Next we developed a hybrid type simulation model which consists of a detailed finite element model of thigh and hip joint, and multibody model of the other parts of a whole human body. Using the hybrid model we conducted stress analyses of femur neck. The results showed that knee grounding fall caused hip fracture risk higher than the risk by a lateral impact on the greater trochanter. By comparing the regions of stress concentration, we estimated that a knee grounding causes a cervical fracture while a trochanter grounding may cause a trochanteric fracture.

Using Medical Records in Non-Motor-Vehicle Pedestrian Accident Identification and Countermeasure Development

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using emergency room and emergency medical service records in quantifying rural non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents and in developing countermeasures to reduce injuries resulting from such accidents. A literature review indicated that although non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents are a significant injury problem in the United States, there does not appear to be an effective process for collecting data about those accidents that corresponds to the data collection methods used at present for motor-vehicle accidents. A multistep process for obtaining detailed pedestrian accident data using a combination of medical records and telephone surveys is described. Data collection was time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, it was concluded that it is not practical for traffic engineers to use medical records on a routine basis for pedestrian accident analysis. The method outlined yields a data base rich in details about pedestrian fall accidents, making it valuable in research. Whereas the results of the telephone survey did not produce a large enough sample size to extrapolate to pedestrian accidents in general, they did point out the importance of surface condition to pedestrian safety. Two general types of surface-condition problems were identified: slippery surfaces caused by accumulation of snow and ice and surface holes or openings.

Using Medical Records in Non-Motor-Vehicle Pedestrian Accident Identification and Countermeasure Development

A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using emergency room and emergency medical service records in quantifying rural non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents and in developing countermeasures to reduce injuries resulting from such accidents. A literature review indicated that although non-motor-vehicle pedestrian accidents are a significant injury problem in the United States, there does not appear to be an effective process for collecting data about those accidents that corresponds to the data collection methods used at present for motor-vehicle accidents. A multistep process for obtaining detailed pedestrian accident data using a combination of medical records and telephone surveys is described. Data collection was time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore, it was concluded that it is not practical for traffic engineers to use medical records on a routine basis for pedestrian accident analysis. The method outlined yields a data base rich in details about pedestrian fall accidents, making it valuable in research. Whereas the results of the telephone survey did not produce a large enough sample size to extrapolate to pedestrian accidents in general, they did point out the importance of surface condition to pedestrian safety. Two general types of surface-condition problems were identified: slippery surfaces caused by accumulation of snow and ice and surface holes or openings.