Pedal Rate Research Articles

Self-paced ergometer performance: effects of pedal resistance, motivational contingency and inspired oxygen concentration.

6 soldiers were allowed to determine their own pedaling rates and rest periods while completing a certain amount of pedal revolutions on a bicycle ergometer. Inspired oxygen concentration (21% O2, 12% O2), pedal resistance (2 kg, 3 kg) and motivational contingency (extra pedaling required for slower performance) were varied. Decreasing oxygen concentration and increasing pedal resistance had similar effects on some aspects of self-pacing behavior and different effects on others. The motivational contingency did not significantly affect performance.

都市と農村青少年の有酸素的作業能に関する研究

According to the past results of Sport Test held in TOCHIGI Prefecture in 1968, it was certainly found that the endurance run test showed the most characteristic regional trend that adolescents born and reared in mountaineous farm villages, which topographically lie from mountain to plain, obtained significantly better performance than those in commercial and residential streets. The main objectives of the present investigation were to know how much difference, if any, is found concerning endurance capacities between the both adolescents and the study was, therefore, designed in the sphere of physical resources of energy to measure the aerobic work capacities of PWC170 and Vo2 max., and it was assumed that commercial streets represenetd urban districts and on the other hand mountaineous farm villages also represented rural districts. The total number of subjects, aged from 9 to 17 years, who performed the PWC170 test of submaximal work load as preliminary one, were 732; 159 in male and 157 in female in urban, and 218 in male and 198 in female in rural districts. But the subjects to be tested in Vo2 max. of maximal work load were further chosen at random from those who received the PWC170 test, and the number of them were 559 in all. The apparatus for the determinations of PWC170 and Vo2 max. was MONARK bicycle ergometer. The three points-four minute method was used in the PWC170test and the two-minute stepwise method was adopted for measurement of Vo2 max. The pedalling rate was 50 rpm in the both tests. Every step of work load was increased by 150kpm/min. Concomitantly skinfold thicknesses in the four points of upper arm, scapula, wast, and umbilicus were also measured.The following results were obtained:1) Urban adolescents had significantly thicker subcutaneous fats than rural ones.2) No differences were found in PWC170 (kpm) in all the ages between urban and rural adolescents for male, but rural adolescents were significantly superior to urban ones after the age of 12 years in PWC170 (kpm/kg) . For female urban adolescents were rather better than rural ones before the 11 years, but on the contrary rural adolescents were significantly higher in PWC170 (kpm/kg)3) The regional differences that rural adolescents were superior to urban ones in aerobic work capacities were recognized earlier in age for PWC170 (kpm/kg) than for Vo2max. (ml/kg), and further appeared in younger ages for female than did for male.4) In the regression equation y=ax+b, in which x was assumed to express body weight (kg) and y mean PWC170 (kpm) or Vo2 max. (1), and the standard deviation from y, δy, was also calculated, the characteristic regional trend was found in urban and rural districts. Then it could be considered that a was the increase rate of aerodic work capacities to body height and δy was the interpersonal variation. In the case of Vo2 max. (1) for boys, the higher increase rates were consistently found in rural districts and the smaller variations were also identified. It is apparent that this is partly due to the higher occupation of the activating tissues in body weight increaserate and partly due to their better functioning.5) According to the allometrical expressions concerning aerobic work capacities, y=b×ha, obtained by the same mathematical procedure as used by Asmussen, PWC170 (kpm) for boys had the same body heights in the two critical points of urban and rural districts, and up to these body heights a was considerably higher in rural boys but almost same α were indicated after the points. As for Vo2 max. (1), the body heights in the critical points differed in urban and rural districts, that is, the body height in rural boys was about 10cm higher than in urban ones.

Dynamics of arterial blood pressure responses to sinusoidal work load in man.

AbstractSystolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressures in the radial artery, and heart rate in 7 physically active young men were subjected to frequency analysis by using sinusoidal work load as a forcing function. Subjects exercised in the supine position on a cycle ergometer. With the pedalling rate constant, the work load was varied sinusoidally over a range of drive frequencies between the two fixed extremes of 250 and 1050 kpm/min. Predicted step responses obtained by applying the trans fer functions estimated for radial systolic and pulse pressures showed close similarity to observed step responses, indicating linear properties of the underlying systems. Using known characteristics of the peripheral distortion of the pressure pulse, the responses of both the radial and central systolic and pulse pressures to work load could be described by second‐order transfer functions. Resonance occurred for periods near 7 min, indicating overshoots for both variables in the time domain. This behaviour suggests baroreflex inhibition as an explanation of an overdamped response of the heart rate. The changes in radial diastolic pressure were small and not clearly related to the drive frequency. The response of the radial mean pressure could not be described accurately by either first‐or second‐order functions, but exhibited phase lead features, suggesting sensitivity to rate of change in work load.

Neural stimuli increasing respiration during different types of exercise.

ArticleNeural stimuli increasing respiration during different types of exercise.E D'Angelo, and G TorelliE D'AngeloSearch for more papers by this author, and G TorelliSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:01 Jan 1971https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1971.30.1.116MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByFurther Developments on Exercise Transients: Los Angeles Versus Milano21 March 2023A century of exercise physiology: key concepts on coupling respiratory oxygen flow to muscle energy demand during exercise26 February 2022 | European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 122, No. 6Modulation of Respiratory System by Limb Muscle Afferents in Intact and Injured Spinal Cord26 March 2019 | Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol. 13The fast exercise drive to breathe11 September 2013 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 592, No. 3Oxygen Uptake Kinetics1 April 2012Control of Breathing During Exercise1 January 2012The ventilatory response to sine wave variation in exercise loads and limb movement frequencyRespiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, Vol. 158, No. 1Central Neural Control of Respiration and Circulation During Exercise1 January 2011Ventilatory sensitivity to carbon dioxide: the influence of exercise and athleticismMedicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise, Vol. 28, No. 6A review of the control of breathing during exerciseEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 71, No. 1Ventilatory responses to exercise performed below and above the first ventilatory thresholdEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 68, No. 4Changes in ventilation in response to ramp changes in treadmill exercise loadEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 65, No. 5The Effect of Exercise Intensity and Duration on Ventilation during Recovery from Moderate and Heavy ExerciseChanges in ventilation at the start and end of moderate and heavy exercise of short and long durationEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 65, No. 3Role of the rapid neurogenic component and its constituents in the organization of effort hyperpneaNeuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, Vol. 21, No. 4Interrelation of Respiratory Responses to $$ \dot V $$ co2, Pedal Rate and Loading Force During Cycle ExerciseThe effect of metabolic acid-base changes on the ventilatory changes at the end of heavy exerciseEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 58, No. 4Changes in respiration in the transition from heavy exercise to restEuropean Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, Vol. 57, No. 5Gas Exchange in Exercise1 January 2011Respiratory Control During Exercise1 January 2011Control of ventilation during submaximal exercise: A brief review14 November 2007 | Journal of Sports Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 1Characteristics of the ventilatory exercise stimulusRespiration Physiology, Vol. 59, No. 1Respiratory and circulatory adaptation to isometric and dynamic exercise in chronic lung diseaseClinical Physiology, Vol. 4, No. 5Facial muscle tension influences lung airway resistance; limb muscle tension does notBiological Psychology, Vol. 17, No. 2-3Interaction of CO2 and positive and negative exercise stimuli on the ventilation in manPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 394, No. 1Evidence in man for a fast neural mechanism during the early phase of exercise hyperpneaRespiration Physiology, Vol. 48, No. 1Control of ventilation during graded exercise in the dogRespiration Physiology, Vol. 46, No. 3Operant muscular relaxation and peak expiratory flow rate in asthmatic childrenJournal of Psychosomatic Research, Vol. 22, No. 1The effect of limb movements on the regulation of depth and rate of breathingRespiration Physiology, Vol. 27, No. 1Ventilatory response to CO2 at rest and during positive and negative work in normoxia and hyperoxiaPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 364, No. 1Ventilatory responses to exercise in divers and non-diversRespiration Physiology, Vol. 20, No. 2Respiratory responses to intermittent and prolonged exercise in a hot-dry environmentLife Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 1Responsiveness of breathing control centers to CO2 And neurogenic stimuliRespiration Physiology, Vol. 19, No. 1Ventilation at Transition from Rest to ExerciseActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 89, No. 1Effect of body temperature on ventilatory transients at start and end of exercise in manRespiration Physiology, Vol. 17, No. 3Neural Ventilatory Drive during Arm and Leg Exercise8 July 2009 | Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, Vol. 29, No. 2Ventilation in man at onset of work employing different standardized starting ordersRespiration Physiology, Vol. 13, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 30Issue 1January 1971Pages 116-21 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1971.30.1.116PubMed5538777History Published online 1 January 1971 Published in print 1 January 1971 Metrics

Influence of muscle tension variations and energy absorption on oxygen consumption, heart rate, and cardiac output during negative work.

During negative (eccentric) bicycle work the influence of muscular tension on oxygen consumption, heart rate, and cardiac output was studied by letting work load (energy absorption) remain the same while muscle tension was altered by changing pedalling rate. There was a direct relationship between increase in oxygen consumption, heart rate, cardiac output (CO2-rebreathing method), and increase in tension.