Peculiarities Of Manifestation Research Articles

The Peculiarities of Confidence Manifestation and Psychological Conditions of its Development in the “Doctor – Patient” System

The aim of the article is to present the results of empirical study on the peculiarities of the manifestation of confidence and psychological conditions of its development in the “doctor-patient” system. Methods. The following methods were used: empirical method to study the manifestation of patient’s confidence in a doctor – “Methodology for assessing confidence / suspicion of an individual in other people” (adapted by O. Savchen­ko, V. Petrenko); in order to research the ability to take risks in interpersonal communication – the technique “Personal decision-making factors”; to identify strategies of self-presentation of doctors – the methodology “Strategies of self-presentation” (S. Lee, B. Quigley); mathematical and statistical methods of data processing. The results of the research. The research has proved that patients show a high level of trust in doctors: the subjects are able to form stable positive rela­tionships with other people, interact constructively with others in specific situations, they are confident in other people, and are able to rely on them in the process of interaction. The psychological conditions of confidence development in the “doctor-patient” system have been empirically investigated. According to the data obtained, the self-confidence of patients appears at an average level: in general, they trust their feelings, experiences, logical conclusions, but, at the same time, they may sometimes have doubts about their own competence, they do not always believe in their own strength, significance, value. It has been es­tablished that the studied patients have a high level of willingness to take risks in interpersonal communication, that is, they are ready to take a certain risk by establishing confidence in another person. Peculiarities of self-presentation among doctors have been studied. Among the studied doctors, the strategy of “Attractive behavior” is dominant. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the assumption that the development of confidnce in the “doctor-patient” system is determined by a complex of psychological conditions (self-confidence, willingness to take risks, the effectiveness of the strategy of self-presentation in communication) has been confirmed.

Shadows of Love in the Psychotherapistʼs Cabinet: Amplification to Archetypal Images as a way of Understanding Clientʼs Existences

The article touches upon the problems of interaction of a psychologist (psychotherapist) with figurative symbolic and metaphorical material of clients relating to the theme of love as an existential issue. In particular, the peculiarities of manifestation of the Shadow (according to Jung) aspects of love are considered. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of using the technique of amplification, which contributes to a deeper empathic understanding of intrapsychic conflicts of the client by the psychologist; examples of analyzing real client material from the author's practice are given. Possibilities for further research into the Shadow aspects of love as an existential experience are outlined.

Tachyarrhythmia during gestation: peculiarities of manifestations and clinic

Abstract Background Arrhythmias can occur during gestation. The data of peculiarities of development and manifestations of arrhythmias in pregnant women are limited. Purpose To determine the peculiarities of diagnostic and clinic in pregnant women with arrhythmias. Methods In this single-center, prospectively study we consequently included 87 cases of arrhythmias in pregnant (mean age 26.7±3.5 years, mean gestation age 24.6 ±3.3 weeks). The main types of arrhythmias and peculiarities of clinical manifestations were studed. Results In 56% of cases, arrhythmia firstly occurred during current gestation. The most common symptoms of arrhythmia in pregnant women firstly occured in the second trimester at 16 (13;21) weeks of gestation. The most common symptoms of arrhythmia were palpitations (58.6%), general weakness (52.9%), dyspnoe (34%) and dizziness (29.8%). The most common types of arrhythmias were paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (54%) and premature contractions (39%). Ventricular tachycardia was diagnosed less frequently – in 7%. Dynamic observation was chosen in 17% in benign course of arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmic drugs were prescribed in 32% in women with severe symptoms and haemodynamic instability. In cases of drug refractory and severe arrhythmias electrophysiological examination and radiofrequency ablation without fluoroscopy were performed in 51%. Despite different arrhythmia management the further course of gestation was benign without major complication: cases of increased incidence of uterine contractile activity and placental abruption were rare (n=2). ). Neonatal outcomes characterized by normal range of fetal birth weight and 5 minute Apgar score. There was no incidence of maternal and fetal mortality and arrhythmia recurrence after ablation in follow-up. Conclusion Arrhythmias may occur for the first time in women during pregnancy. Manifestation and recurrence of arrhythmias are observed mainly in the second trimester at 16 weeks of gestation. The most frequent variants of cardiac arrhythmias are paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (54%) and premature contractions (39%), which have a favorable course and prognosis.

Gender and age-related peculiarities in manifestation of different aggression types in older adolescents

This article is dedicated to the study of gender and age-related peculiarities in manifesting different aggression types in older adolescents. A theoretical literature review on the problem is presented with a particular emphasis on the dynamics in various aggressive manifestations in adolescents, age and gender related peculiarities in these manifestations, and the analysis of factors that may determine the differences in manifestation of aggression in boys and girls of different age groups. The results of an empirical study conducted on a large-scale sample of adolescents (N = 10 980) aged 15 to 18 years are presented. The data analysis shows that physical aggression is more pronounced in male respondents, while hostility and displays of anger are more pronounced among the female respondents. One-factor analysis of variance demonstrates a statistically significant influence of gender on the expression of all the aggression types. The largest effect size is observed in relation to anger, and the smallest — in expressions of hostility. We have also established the age-related differences in aggressive manifestations within the different aggression types in older adolescents. It was shown that physical aggression decreases significantly between the ages of 15 and 18, while anger and hostility manifestations remain stable after the age of 15. The effect of age on the expression of aggression was also statistically significant within all the aggression types. The largest effect size was observed for physical aggression, the smallest — for anger. The obtained results confirm the need to consider the age and gender characteristics when creating anger management and aggression prevention programs and to expand the research base of gender and age characteristics in adolescent aggression. Also, these results can be used for developing educational and preventive technologies for working with adolescent aggression.

Peculiarities of leadership qualities manifestation by modern managers of police organizations: psychological aspect.

Aim: To study the psychological peculiarities of the manifestation of leadership qualities by modern managers of police organizations.. Materials and Methods: The research conducted in 2022-2024 involved 64 mid-level managers of police organizations and 462 officers from police units directly subordinated to these managers. Research methods: bibliosemantic, psychological and diagnostic, system analysis and generalization method, statistical. Results: It has been found that a significant number of modern mid-level managers of police organizations are not inclined to show leadership in their units. It has been found that 15,6% of today's mid-level managers demonstrate low leadership. The average level of leadership qualities was recorded in 50,0% of managers, and this result generally coincides with the opinion of officers (51,1%). A sufficient level of leadership qualities of managers, which ensures the effectiveness of their management activities, was identified in 34,4% of respondents. It has been determined that a third of the respondents in both groups (35,9% of managers; 33,3% of officers) believe that the efficiency of management activities is above average and can be improved through various measures and means. Conclusions: The obtained results indicate the practicality of using an integrated approach to developing leadership qualities and skills of successful team management (at the subsequent stages of work with personnel). Also this indicates problems in the organization of professional selection and psychological support of police managers.

Peculiarities of manifestation of the agency characteristics in the later stages of a person’s life cycle (on example of military pensioners)

Peculiarities of manifestation of the agency characteristics in the later stages of a person’s life cycle (on example of military pensioners)

Активізація конструктивних тенденцій розвитку самостійності особистості в юнацькому віці з урахуванням її гендерних особливостей

The article presents the results of the author's psychological training designed to activate constructive trends in the development of personality independence in young people, considering its gender characteristics: androgynous, feminine, masculine. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the training for the development of personal independence in young people. According to the model of implementing the system of corrective and developmental actions, the indicators of independence were subjected to input control before the psychological impact, output control after the introduction of psychological impact, and comparison of the measurement results before and after the psychological impact in the experimental and control groups of subjects. The following parameters of indirect self-esteem are analyzed: «intrinsic motivation», «independence», «decisiveness», «activity», «initiative», «responsibility», «resilience», «self-knowledge», «self-confidence», «positive self-esteem», «curiosity». The peculiarities of manifestation of indicators of volitional organization of personality are also determined. In this regard, the measurement was carried out according to such indicators of independence as «value and meaning organization of personality», «organization of activity», «determination», «perseverance», «self-control». The specifics of the manifestation of the indicator «interpersonal dependence-intrapersonal independence» before and after the application of the training program are revealed. It has been established that training for the development of personal independence in young people is an effective psychological tool for forming the most important components of independence as a systemic quality of personality: the initiative and autonomous aspects of independence; its regulatory and volitional aspects; as well as aspects related to the realization of an independent lifestyle by a person

Study of hybrid potato offspring based on the manifestation of quantitative and qualitative traits

The main focus of the institution's breeding work is the creation of highly productive potato varieties based on high-quality breeding material characterized by a higher manifestation of economically valuable traits and stability of their expression regardless of external conditions. The aim of the research is to study the peculiarities of manifestation of economically valuable traits in hybrid combinations created from intervarietal crosses with subsequent selection of valuable genotypes to improve selective traits in new promising potato varieties. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing, organoleptic, mathematical and statistical methods were used in the research. The research was conducted in 2020–2022 in the Polissya Research Department of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine according to generally accepted methods in potato growing. The object of the research is intervarietal hybrids created with the participation of the best domestic varieties. According to the research results, it was found that highly productive offspring are obtained by combining parental forms by maturity: early/medium early, super early/early, mid-season/medium early, mid-season/super early and mid-season/early. Significant potential was found in some genotypes of combinations that demonstrate a 2–2.5 times higher yield than the parental form. Combinations have been identified in which an increase of 1.5–2 times the average weight of tubers is observed compared to the variety. At the same time, it should be noted that the 100 % share of genotypes in the combinations in preference to the parental form is as follows: productivity 48 %, average tuber weight 13 %, starch content 13 % and taste 22 %. Of the 23 combinations studied, 10 showed low starch content at the level of 14.3–16.0 % and 13 variants with an average ranging from 16.1 % to 18.0 %. Based on the research results, hybrid combinations were identified: «Vzirets» / «Svitana», «Vektar» / «Vzirets», «Svitana» / «Mezhyrichka 11» and «Bohach «/ «Vyhoda», which contain forms with a high starch content of 20.1–20.6 %. It should be noted that in terms of taste, the proportion of offspring with a positive increase in the trait to the parental form is 87 %. The most effective combinations with the highest tasting score have been selected. It was found that in the studied offspring, a positively high and medium correlation was observed between yield and average tuber weight. Key words: potato, selection, variety, offspring, type of crossing, maturity, crop productivity, average tuber weight, starch content, taste qualities, correlation coefficient.

Macromorphological Changes after Spontaneous Co-invasion of Eimeriosis, Histomonosis, and Trichomoniasis in Domestic Chickens

The study of macro morphological changes is important for recognizing pathological processes and diagnosing diseases, especially co-invasions. The current study aimed to reveal macro morphological changes during spontaneous co-invasion of Eimeria spp., Histomonas meleagridis, and Trichomonas gallinae in adult chickens. The methods of evisceration and parasitological studies of the carcasses of adult domestic chickens (n = 31) aged 1.5-2.3 years, and (n = 8) are the control group, died of a natural death from farms in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine revealed the peculiarities of manifestations of macro morphological changes in organs, which were characterized by manifestations of pathologies in 100% of cases in dead chickens by changes in the intestines and liver, in 48.39% in the spleen, in 16.13% in the bursa of Fabricius, in 16.13% in the peritoneum and 9.68% in skin. In particular, a mucosal-hemorrhagic inflammatory process was observed in the intestines of chickens with damage to both thin and thick parts (duodeno-jejuno-ileo-typho-cloacitis). This inflammatory process was observed in combination with necrotic-granulomatous lesions on the intestinal wall. A combined lesion of the liver was detected - hepatomegaly on the background of steatosis, multifocal necrosis, and granulomas (shiny, vitreous, with a white center) in the presence of Histomonas meleagridis and Trichomonas gallinae. A granulomatous splenitis was diagnosed in the spleen of chickens. Necrotic-granulomatous lesions leading to cyst formation were identified in the bursa of Fabricius. Additionally, granulomatous lesions originating from trichomoniasis were observed on the peritoneum and skin. These findings highlight the systemic nature of pathological-anatomical changes resulting from the co-infection of eimeriosis, histomoniasis, and trichomoniasis in domestic chickens. This systemic manifestation signifies the occurrence of multi-organ failure and holds valuable diagnostic implications.

Premеnstrual Syndrome: Peculiarities of Manifestation in Female Athletes of Different Age Groups in A Number of Sports

The article presents the results of a longitudinal study devoted to the study of the characteristics of somatic and psychological manifestations of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in athletes of different age groups and in various sports. Presents comparative data of researchers involved in this problem, and the data of the author, describes the options for the formation and development of PMS in each of the examined age groups.

VOLODYMYR VINNICHENKO’S NOVEL “THE NEW COMMANDMENT”: POETICS AND FORMS OF EXISTENTIAL SELF-REFLECTION

The article considers the second edition of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s novel “The New Commandment” (1947), written for the first time in 1932. The author of the book translated it into French together with his wife after the end of World War II. The purpose of the work and the tasks dictated by it are to analyse the “French” novel “The New Commandment” by Volodymyr Vynnychenko in the paradigm of modernist aesthetics, to reveal the main philosophical ideas and aesthetic functions of the novel, to identify elements of intertextual memory, and to understand the influence of the book by Ukrainian dissident Viktor Kravchenko “I Chose Freedom” (1946). The set of goals determines the need to use hermeneutical (analysis of artistic text), comparative-typological (comparison of philosophical novel various functions), historical-literary (solution of a number of literary problems in the context of various national literatures) research methods. Vynnychenko’s work is analysed in the paradigm of the “Transcendent Homelessness” philosophical concept, introduced into scientific discourse by the Hungarian philosopher and literary theorist D. Lukach in his Hegelian-Weber essay “The Theory of the Novel” (1916), where he quotes the German romantic, a representative of the Jena school, Novalis: “Philosophy is homesickness – the desire to be at home everywhere”. In the study of Volodymyr Vynnychenko’s contribution to European modernism in the interwar era, the author pays attention to the key thesis of the trans-cultural theory, which touches such disciplines as anthropology, sociology and political science. Particular attention is paid to the genesis and specificity of the philosophical and figurative system of one of the key “French” texts by Volodymyr Vynnychenko. The leading aesthetic components and means of forming philosophical and ideologicalpolitical paradigms of the work are also determined. The French aristocracy had a great debate on “The New Commandment”. In April 1949, the translation was published in one of the Paris publishing houses (Nouveau Commandemant. Paris: Editions des Presses du Temps Present). The French literary critics of the time responded favourably to the publication of the Ukrainian author’s book, and the literary and artistic society “Club de Faubourg” already on 10th May 1949, arranged a massive discussion of “The New Commandment”, which testified to the approving attitude towards the author. At the same time, another well-known French artist club “Arts-Sciences-Lettres”, awarded Volodymyr Vynnychenko with an honorary diploma and a silver medal. On 21st July 1949, the prestigious Parisian weekly bulletin “Le Nuvelle Litterere” responded to this fact where noticed that after Shevchenko and Marko Vovchok, Volodymyr Vynnychenko is the first Ukrainian writer whose novels have been responded to by French audience. In this regard, it is noted that the philosophical foundations of Vynnychenko’s novel organically fit into the “spiritual crisis” European discussions of those times. We have studied philosophical character manifestation peculiarities in the genre of novel-dialogue, novel-polemic, which are widely represented in the “French” prose of the Ukrainian artist and are closely connected with the French literary tradition. It is proved that, having spent almost the last thirty years of his life in France, the Ukrainian writer seems to aim at identifying common thematic, aesthetic, philosophical and ideological paradigms that go beyond mononational boundaries, and demonstrates that Ukrainian emigrant artists were participants in pan-European literary modernism, although for the most part it concerns Volodymyr Vynnychenko himself, as well as Yu. Kosach, I. Kostetskyi, A. Arkhipenko, A. Ekster, A. Manevich, I. Pune, A. Boguslavskaya, M. Glushchenko. Particular attention is paid to the genre experiment of Vynnychenko, in particular, the philosophical and political novel with such poetic features as the presentation and discussion of concordist theory, the use of such a modernist technique as “a novel within a novel”, the constant inclusion of various discursive forms of concordism discussion. The critical optics of the study combines the historical and philosophical specificity of the era of the interwar twenties, on which the novels of Volodymyr Vynnychenko are based, as well as the national identity of the Ukrainian writer and his biographical individuality.

Хондробластна остеосаркома проксимального відділу лівої великогомілкової кістки на тлі муковісцидоз-асоційованого цукрового діабету. Клінічний випадок

Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) is a rare pathology that combines genetically determined systemicity with damage to the exocrine glands, which leads to early manifestations of the disease, a clear exacerbation and chronicity of the process, with possible complications in bone remodeling with the occurrence of malignant tumors. Purpose - to acquaint practitioners with the peculiarities of manifestations, diagnosis and course of chondroblastic osteosarcoma in a child with CFRD. Features of the clinical course and differential diagnosis are described and given osteosarcoma of the proximal part of the left tibia against the background of CFRD in a child. The main diagnostic value of history, clinical picture, laboratory, instrumental, immunohistochemical and microscopic research methods was highlighted, in particular, a biopsy of this tumor. Microscopic examination of tissue biopsy revealed alternating areas of atypical cartilaginous tissue corresponding to the structure of chondrosarcoma 1-2 cm, solid proliferates of atypical fibroblast-like cells and areas of atypical and fibroblastic tissue containing elements of atypical osteogenesis. Periosteally - randomly oriented bone fragments at the place of the cortical plate, as well as impressions of the lower metaphysis of the thigh and the upper metaphysis of the tibia, near the knee joint. The immunohistochemical examination showed a clear differential diagnosis of the existing CD99-positive tumor cells (DAKO, clone 12E7). Some cells were positive for SATB2 (Cell Marque, clone EP281); tumor cells were negative for S-100 - SOX-10. The histological picture and immunophenotype of the tumor cells correspond to chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma with genetic, metabolic and aplastic features developing in the setting of a comorbid background significantly complicates diagnosis and requires certain changes in the treatment tactics of CFRD (correction of prophylactic and basic therapy, metabolic and toxic disorders, including those caused by chemotherapy). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics, and Biotechnological Potential of Hydrolitic Haloalkalitolerant Bacteria of Soda Sludge Storage

Peculiarities of manifestation of hydrolytic activity of haloalkalitolerant bacteria Pseudomonas peli 3-T, Microbacterium kitamiense 16-DB, and Bacillus aequororis 5-DB, isolated from the soil of the territory of the soda sludge storage and the soda sludge of the functioning sludge reservoir of Berezniki Soda Plant (Perm Territory, Russia) were studied. It was shown that the maximum activity of extracellular lipases and amylases of the three studied bacteria were manifested at pH 11 and a high concentration of sodium chloride (50–200 g/L). Cultivation of P. peli 3-T on a mineral medium with 0.5% glycerol (source of carbon) and 0.03% urea (source of nitrogen) makes it possible to obtain biomass (6.9 g/L) and activity of extracellular lipase (1.26 U/L) and lipase associated with cells (3.02 U/mg dry cells) with a high economic ratio of substrate consumption (138%). The efficiency of immobilization of P. peli 3-T and B. aequororis 5-DB cells for use in lipid and starch biotransformation was shown. P. peli 3-T cells immobilized by adsorption on kaolin and incorporated into the structure of barium alginate and agarose gels retained from 40.4 to 63.8% of the cell lipase activity in suspension. B. aequororis 5-DB cells immobilized by adsorption on kaolin retained 42.5% of lipase and 90.7% of amylase activity as compared to the initial ones. At the same time, the activities of the P. peli 3-T and B. aequororis 5-DB enzymes were preserved during 6 consecutive reactions. The amylase activity of immobilized M. kitamiense 16-DB cells by adsorption on kaolin and chitosan decreased to 2.7–3.5% of the initial value and was completely inhibited upon immobilization by cell’s entrapment into barium alginate gels or agarose gels.

Development of social competence of teacher-tutors in supporting gifted children in crisis situations

Introduction. As shown by the modern practice of education, a number of difficulties of pedagogical and psychological nature arise in the work with gifted children, caused by a complex of various factors, including differing giftedness types, gifted child’s socialisation features, peculiarities of manifestation and development of children’s motivational, intellectual and creative potential, teachers’ unpreparedness and insufficient competence with regard to design of forms and methods of working with such children. In cases of crisis situations in the development and socialisation of children, most pedagogues experience difficulties, which actualises the need to raise their competence level in understanding the problems connected with changes in the personality and psyche of gifted students. In this regard, the changed strategic educational guidelines have prioritised the problem of high-quality training of the teaching staff for due support and education of gifted children. The purpose of the article is to present the possibilities for teacher-tutors’ social competence development in terms of building support for gifted children. Materials and methods. The study involved 150 pedagogues of general education organisations of Krasnodar region and the Republic of Adygea (Russian Federation). The survey focused on the issues of teacher training in the aspect of working with gifted children, building support for gifted children; the psychological/pedagogical component of development of children with signs of giftedness, etc. Results. The analysis of the initial state of indicators reflecting the extent of formation of professional competence components in teachers working with gifted children showed that 28% of the teachers demonstrated a high level which is characterised by marked effectiveness of professional activity as well as creative activity, responsibility for the development of a gifted child. A total of 60% of teachers demonstrated a reproductive (average) level characterised by forecasting the learner’s further personal development at an average level when the selection of content, methods and technologies of teaching takes place according to a cliché. A total of 12% of teachers showed an adaptive (low) level of professional competence characterised by difficulties in building an individual educational strategy for teaching and educating a gifted child. Conclusion. The teacher-tutor is essentially an important figure in the process of psychological and pedagogical support of gifted children. The efficiency of his/her professional activity largely depends on taking into account the peculiarities of a gifted child, the knowledge and ability to use the forms and methods of presenting the material with regard for the special educational needs of such children, the ability to interact with all participants of the psychological/pedagogical support and tutoring.

Peculiarities of manifestation and general rehabilitative signif icance of the phenomenon paradoxical kinesia in Parkinson’s disease

The purpose of the study: is to identify the factors contributing to the occurrence of paradoxical kinesias (PK) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and to assess their frequency and clinical manifestations (according to the results of interviews). All patients interviewed were divided into two groups. The first group (45 people) — patients without symptoms of dementia, the second group (18 people) — patients with symptoms of dementia. The MMSE assessment was conducted no more than three months before this survey to assess the frequency of PK phenomenon, before the introduction of quarantine restrictions. Patients with PD initially have virtually no idea about the phenomenon of PK, but when informed (individually and in groups) in a group of patients without clinically significant cognitive decline, understanding of the essence and possibilities of PK increases from 6.7% to 88.9% of respondents. Patients with PD, cognitively preserved, note the manifestations of PK in the form of a spontane- ous ability to perform movements faster and more dexterously in 82.2% of observations, with vital movements of posture control, walking, and balance observed in 93.3% of patients, and the per- formance of complex acts in 51.1% of observations. Factors contributing to the manifestation of PK are often (in more than 50.0% of cases) in the group of patients without significant cognitive decline is - rhythm, counting, cues (84.4%), listening to music (93.3% of answers), environment (64.4%), strong emotions (93.3%); communication with certain people (88.9 %; answers); quality of sleep (80.0 %); less frequent, but practically applicable are internal order and conscious control (48.9 %) and visualization of the motor act (40.0 %). The realization of the phenomenon of PK with the help of factors that reveal it can be used in conducting classes on motor rehabilitation, but it is necessary to preserve the cognitive poten- tial of patients. The rehabilitation potential of patients with PD is defined as medium or low level. This level of rehabilitation potential is generally sufficient for the implementation of the developed individual rehabilitation programs.

Trust, trust relations, legal relations: Correlation, interrelation and manifestation in the work of law enforcement agencies of modern European States

The article explains the problematic issues of definition, correlation, interconnection and peculiarities of manifestation of trust, trust relations, legal relations in the activity of law enforcement agencies of modern European states. It is emphasized that trust in law enforcement agencies of any state cannot be introduced by a powerful command or in a violent way. It should gradually mature in the minds of the subjects of trust under the influence of a number of favorable factors. The relationship between trust and trust relations in activity of law enforcement agencies of modern European states has been outlined. It is emphasized that certain parties and properties of trust affect the nature and content of trust relations, their course and manifestations. The characteristic features of trust relations in the studied sphere have been distinguished, which made it possible to formulate author's definition of trust relations in the sphere of activity of law enforcement agencies of modern European states and to determine the requirements for them. The ratio of trust and legal relations, as well as their complementary influence, in particular through separation of both common and different features, has been revealed.

Peculiarities of manifestations of chronic diseases after a COVID-19 coronavirus infection

Introduction.A new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the cause of exacerbation of chronic diseases, increasing number of referrals for diseases of the digestive and circulatory systems. The urgent task in the post-co-infection period becomes the planning of health care resources and organization of timely accessible medical care, including the rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19.The aim of the workwas to study specific features of manifestations of chronic noninfectious diseases in persons after COVID-19 coronavirus infection to substantiate preventive and rehabilitative measures.Materials and Methods.The retrospective analysis of the outpatient charts (form N 025/u) of patients who underwent COVID-19 was carried out.Results.In the group with mild course of COVID-19 the frequency of cases of digestive organs diseases increased from 13.7 % to 22.7 %. In the group of patients with a moderate course of COVID-19 the share of appeals for circulatory system diseases increased from 14,8 % to 21,6 %, for digestive organs diseases from 16,7 to 21,6 %.Discussion.The peculiarity of the postcoid period is the increase in the incidence of chronic non-infectious diseases of the population. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, neurological and psychosocial symptoms of postvoid syndrome are revealed. The high prevalence of disease in the working-age population requires special attention to the organization of primary health care in a prolonged pandemic.Conclusion.In the structure of nosological forms of diseases in the postcoid period in patients with mild COVID-19 the highest frequency of cases is associated with diseases of the digestive organs, their proportion increased almost twofold. In patients with the moderate form of COVID-19 the reason for visiting the polyclinic is diseases of the circulatory system and digestive organs (21,6 %). Peculiarities of manifestations of chronic diseases after COVID-19 coronavirus infection can be taken into account when conducting clinical examination of the population and implementing rehabilitation measures.

Unfair Practices in Banking Ecosystems

The paper examines peculiarities of manifestation of unfair behavior by the banks as specific subjects of an offense. The author concludes that at the present stage banking activities are being transformed due to the emergence of banking ecosystems, digitalization of banking activities, concentration of big customer data inbanks and a high-risk nature of banking activities for customers. In this regard, new practices of unfair behavior are emerging. The paper substantiates that creation of other legal entities by credit organizations, the main activity of which should be trading, insurance and production activities prohibited for banks, should be qualified as a kind of unfair behavior. Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that the emergence of banking ecosystems, the sale of services by banks to non-credit financial organizations and new technologies predetermine the need to improve the liability of banks for unfair behavior.

Sociology of religion in the system of scientiSc knowledge

The article examines the sociology of religion as one of the spheres of sociological cognition, as well as those approaches to the definition of religion that predetermined the specifics of the development and self-identification of the sociology of religion in the system of scientific knowledge. The author compares various ideas about religion that exist in everyday consciousness, definitions of religion in the system of theology and its scientific interpretations. At the same time, it is emphasized that recently the efforts of scientists have begun to focus on finding a new, more balanced and universal approach to the definition of religion, although any attempt to give a final definition of religion is doomed to be limited and debatable.The heterogeneity of the tools and approaches used by the sociology of religion has created a serious problem of its place in the structure of sociological knowledge. The sociology of religion is most often identified either with religious sociology or with an autonomous branch in the horizontal structure of sociology. These two scientific identities of the sociology of religion appear both blurred and limited. Without denying the value of generally accepted directions for the sociological analysis of religion, the author reveals a lot of diverse and heterogeneous directions, within which both classics of sociological science who studied religion and modern sociologists worked. As a result, the sociology of religion is simply an arbitrary set of topics, including the analysis of fundamental works of a predominantly socio-philosophical nature, replete with religious terms that are incomprehensible to a reader unfamiliar with at least the basics of religious studies, especially to a student, seriously complicates the understanding of the essence and methodology of the sociological analysis of religion. For this purpose, the article differentiates and structures the subject Jeld of sociological analysis of religion, highlights its most promising fields of research.The author argues that it is appropriate to talk about the sociological analysis of religion, which has developed and continues to develop within the framework of two major, but equivalent directions. The first focuses on the sociological knowledge of religion in line with the general modern sociological theory, in a broad social context, as one of the subsystems of the general, societal system, organically interconnected with its other subsystems — cultural, social, political, etc. A special place within this direction is occupied by the analysis of religion as a social phenomenon and social institution, social functions and dysfunctions of the latter, including the intensive process of politicization of religion. The second is based on an internal analysis of religion and various religious doctrines, primarily from the point of view of those social relations that are formed within their framework. The perspective focus of the second direction is the social functions of various religions, their influence on the moral values and worldview of individuals and social groups, the peculiarities of manifestation in people’s daily lives, the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of new religious movements, including totalitarian religious cults and sects.

FEATURES OF FORMATION OF VOLITIONAL QUALITIES IN ADOLESCENCE

The article highlights the essence of the concept of “will”, “volitional qualities”; the approaches of scientists to the mentioned concepts are analyzed.Determining the essence of volitional qualities in adolescents is based on the following theoretical principles: volitional qualities are independent, stable mental formations of personality, the content of which is determined by the stage of personal experience, knowledge, skills, motives and attitudes; volitional qualities act as a single, open, dynamic, holistic system, the components of which, depending on the objective conditions of a particular activity are differently correlated with each other, ensuring the dominance of one or another volitional quality; the system-creating function of volitional qualities is the generalized ability to overcome various difficulties that arise on the way to achieving the goal; success of activity and the degree of formation of volitional qualities are interrelated and interdependent: the formation of volitional qualities is determined by the nature and content of activities, in turn, the success of activities depends on the degree of formation of volitional qualities necessary for its implementation.The group of volitional qualities of personality is characterized (purposefulness, initiative, independence, self-control, determination, persistence). Volitional qualities at each age have their own peculiarities of manifestation, which must be taken into account in their formation. It is emphasized that the process of formation of volitional qualities in adolescents is connected with, needs, interests and motives for different activities.
 Keywords: will; qualities; volitional qualities; activity; personality; adolescence; formation of volitional qualities; the process of forming volitional qualities.