Peculiarities Of Growth Research Articles

Green infrastructure integration in the urban periphery

The paper considers the peculiarities of the territorial growth of the St Petersburg periphery and the problems of nature conservation as part of the ecological framework of the city. The author's attention is concentrated on the search for such an alternative solution of urban development, which would ensure the gradual formation of the natural infrastructure, integrated with new residential buildings and transport space. A number of alternative approaches to the creation of ecologically balanced environment in the periphery of St Petersburg is offered on the basis of the situation analysis in the city and the consideration of international experience. The author's core task in the urban periphery development is providing vital spaces for people's social and cultural interaction at their residence in the natural environment. An analysis of several conflict situations in the peripheral part of the city indicates the need of change of the town planning paradigm, which is capable of ensuring the coordination of the natural, engineering, transport and social infrastructure. The change from land use planning and management mainly for the multistorey building to the formation of integrated nature and architectural spaces of acceptable scale is demonstrated through several projects.

Biological features of common fish species in Olyutorsky-Navarin region and the adjacent areas of the Bering Sea: 3. Righteye flounders (Pleuronectidae)

Biological features of the seven abundant commercial species—the Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, the Greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, the Alaska plaice Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus, the northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra, the yellowfin sole Limanda aspera, the flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon, and the Bering flounder H. robustus (Pleuronectidae)—have been studied for a 20-year period (1995−2015). These species are present in the northwestern Bering Sea in the summer–autumn season; they form the gatherings in Olyutorsky-Navarin region. The size-weight spectra of the fish caught by different fishing gear has been analyzed, the peculiarities of the linear growth and the weight gain, as well as the spawning period and scale and the spawning conditions, have been described. The largest halibut specimens have been registered in the bottom setlines and gill nets, while flounders were in snurrevad catches; the smallest specimens have been observed in trawl catches. The abundant year-class in most of the studied species is seen well on the long-term plots of the fish size spectra and is tracked by the decrease of their biological parameters. The species that demand vast growing grounds (Pacific halibut, Alaska plaice, northern rock sole, and yellowfin sole) are characterized by a smaller average body size of the fish sampled in the coastal waters due to the prevalence of the young specimens in this area.

IR Studies of the Spin–Nuclear Conversion in the Vicinity of $$\alpha $$ α - $$\beta $$ β - Transition in Cryodeposited Methane Films

Solid methane belongs to a group of crystals containing hydrogen atoms, whose macroscopic properties are greatly influenced by the spin interaction of hydrogen nuclei. In particular, the methane molecule, which has four protons with spin I=1/2, has three total spin modifications: para-, ortho- and meta-states with three values of the total spin moments of 0, 1 and 2, respectively. Equilibrium concentrations of these modifications and relaxation times are dependent on the temperature, affecting the observed thermal properties of solid methane, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion. In this paper, we attempt to explain the peculiarities of thin film growth of methane at cryogenic temperatures from the viewpoint of spin–nuclear transformations. Our observations of absorption intensity at a frequency corresponding to 1/2 of the absorption band amplitude of deformation vibrations record a step-like change in the position of the absorption band during the sample deposition process. The observed phenomenon, in our opinion, is the demonstration of spin transformations during deposition.

CdTe/Zn(Mg)(Se)Te quantum dots for single photon emitters grown by MBE

We report on pseudomorphic MBE growth of CdTe/Zn(Mg)(Se)Te quantum dot (QD) structures on InAs(100) substrates and studies of their structural and optical properties. The QDs were fabricated by using a thermal activation technique comprising deposition of a strained CdTe 2D layer, covering it with amorphous Te, followed by fast thermal desorption of the Te layer, which results in a 2D-3D RHEED pattern transition. The QDs exhibit the surface density as low as ~1010cm−2. The influence of MBE growth parameters and the structure design on photoluminescence properties of the QDs are discussed. Single QD photoluminescence was observed at T=8K from the 200-nm-wide mesa-structures made of the CdTe QD structures, and the antibunching effect with g(2)(0)=0.16±0.04 was demonstrated. The peculiarities of MBE growth of ZnTe/MgTe/MgSe short-period superlattices nearly lattice-matched to InAs, which could serve as wide gap barriers for efficient electron and hole confinement in the CdTe/Zn(Mg)(Se)Te QDs, are also described.

The peculiarities of growth and development of Lophanthus anisatus Adans. plants introducing in the conditions of Kremenets Botanical Garden

The peculiarities of growth and development of Lophanthus anisatus Adans. plants introducing in the conditions of Kremenets Botanical Garden

Analysis of peculiarities of growth for the medical cosmetics market in Ukraine

Analysis of peculiarities of growth for the medical cosmetics market in Ukraine

The effect of laser treatment on the morphology and structure of CdSb-Cd1-хMnхTe and CdSb-In4(Se3)1-х Тe3х thin film heterojunctions

Аbstract Peculiarities of heteroepitaxial growth of CdSb thin films on AIIBVI and AIIIBVI single crystal substrates were studied by atomic-force and scanning electron microscopy. New thin film CdSb-Cd1-хMnхTe and CdSb-In4(Se3)1-хТe3х heterojunctions were obtained by high-frequency cathode sputtering of CdSb single crystal target. Laser treatment of CdSb films using millisecond YAG-laser with energy density of 0.1–4.5 J/сm2 has been carried out in order to modify and improve their structure and phase state. Stoichiometry of composition and granular polycrystalline structure of CdSb films on Cd1-хMnхTe and In4(Se3)1-хТe3х substrates have been confirmed by SEM and AFM studies. A stepwise growth processes of grains were detected under laser treatment in CdSb films. Anisotropic shape of grains in CdSb films was found depending on crystallographic orientation of In4Se3 substrate surface.

Unsaturated Lipids Change in Olive Tree Drupe and Seed during Fruit Development and in Response to Cold-Stress and Acclimation.

The olive tree is a plant of economic value for the oil of its drupe. It is a cultigen complex composed of genotypes with differences in cold-hardiness. About 90% of the oil is stored in oil bodies (OBs) in the drupe during the oleogenic phase. Phenols and lipids contribute to oil quality, but the unsaturated fatty acid (FA) fraction is emerging as the most important for quality, because of the very high content in oleic acid, the presence of ω6-linoleic acid and ω3-linolenic acid, and the very low saturated FA content. Another 10% of oil is produced by the seed. Differences in unsaturated FA-enriched lipids exist among seed coat, endosperm, and embryo. Olive oil quality is also affected by the environmental conditions during fruit growth and genotype peculiarities. Production of linoleic and α-linolenic acids, fruit growth, fruit and leaf responses to low temperatures, including cuticle formation, and cold-acclimation are related processes. The levels of unsaturated FAs are changed by FA-desaturase (FAD) activities, involving the functioning of chloroplasts and endoplasmic reticulum. Cold induces lipid changes during drupe and seed development, affecting FADs, but its effect is related to the genotype capability to acclimate to the cold.

Increasing the quantum efficiency of GaAs solar cells by embedding InAs quantum dots

Development of Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) technology of InAs quantum dots (QDs) in GaAs for photovoltaic applications is presented. The growth peculiarities in InAs-GaAs lattice-mismatched system were considered. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity dependences on different growth parameters were obtained. The multimodal distribution of QDs by sizes was found using AFM and PL methods. GaAs solar cell nanoheterostructures with imbedded QD arrays were designed and obtained. Ones have been demonstrated a significant increase of quantum efficiency and photogenerated current of QD solar cells due to photo effect in InAs QD array (0.59 mA/cm2 for AM1.5D and 82 mA/cm2 for AM0).

Growth of aerial roots with an extensive elongation zone by the example of a hemiepiphyte Monstera deliciosa

We investigated peculiarities of growth of aerial roots in a hemiepiphyte Monstera deliciosa. Aerial roots show low absolute and relative rates of growth and have an extensive elongation zone. In contrast to common roots, cell elongation in the elongation zone of aerial roots may last for 30 days and sometimes longer. The length of cortex cells increases in direct proportion to the distance from the root tip. This means that there is no drastic change in the relative rate of growth associated with transition to elongation characteristic of common roots. Distribution of growth over the elongation zone of aerial roots is irregular. Within the elongation zone, the cells of rhizodermis can divide, and divisions are distributed nonuniformly. The contact between neighboring growing polycytes (cell complexes) is presumably associated with their sliding against one another (intrusive growth). By the example of aerial roots of Monstera deliciosa, we showed a particular type of growth organization in the root with an extensive elongation zone differing from the growth of common roots and resembling the growth of leaves, stems, and fleshy fruit of dicotyledons.

Two-phase microfluidics: thermophysical fundamentals and engineering concepts

Thermophysical fundamentals and engineering concepts of the two-phase microfluidic devises based on controlled liquid decay are discussed in this paper. The results of an experimental study of the explosive evaporation at a thin film heater of the MEMS devise in application to thermal inkjet printing are presented. The peculiarities of homogeneous nucleation and bubble growth in the liquid subjected to pulse heating are discussed. Using experimental data a simple equation suitable for predicting the growth rate of a vapor bubble in a non-uniformly superheated liquid was obtained and used to complete a mathematical model of the self-consistent nucleation and vapor bubbles growth in the induced pressure field. The results of numerical calculations according to the proposed model showed good agreement with the experimental data on a time of nucleation and duration of the initial stage of an explosive evaporation of water.

Biomorphological features of Serratula coronata L. (Asteraceae) introduced in ZHNAEU`s Botanical Garden

Peculiarities of growth, evolution and morphology of Serratula coronata L. were determined under introduction in conditions of Botanical Garden of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University that belongs to Polissya region of Ukraine. The results of investigation of S. coronata ex situ are presented for the next periods of ontogenesis: latent, pregenerative and partly generative. The features of the 6 age states of individuals are specified: achen dormant, sprouts, juvenile, immature, young generative, middle-aged generative. During the first year of life the seeds of S. coronata were passing the pregenerative period of ontogenesis. In the second year the plants got into generative period achieving middle-aged generative state in the third year of growth. Plants of S. coronata formed vegetative and generative organs, as well as viable seeds and that confirms sufficient species adaptation in conditions of the described region.

Structure of p-Sexiphenyl Nanocrystallites in ZnO Revealed by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy

The structure of para-sexiphenyl (6P) nanocrystallites embedded in ZnO single crystals is resolved by cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) combined with image contrast simulations and X-ray diffraction measurements. The hybrid structures are prepared by subsequent physical vapor deposition of 6P on ZnO(1010) templates followed by overgrowth with ZnO. Application of ultramicrotomy for HRTEM specimen preparation and imaging under different focus conditions provides direct access to the atomic and molecular structure of the hybrid interface and the organic inclusion. The hybrid stacks reveal a high structural perfection. The 6P nanocrystallites maintain a structure as in the bulk crystal. Individual 6P lattice planes can be traced up to the lateral and top interfaces with ZnO, indicating that all interfaces are defined on an atomic/molecular level. Further evaluation of the HRTEM images reveals peculiarities of 6P growth on ZnO(1010). The common 6P β-phase coexists here wi...

The Adaptability and Peculiarities of Growth of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus Ponderosa L.) Subcpecies in the Provenance Tests in Kharkiv Region

Досліджено адаптаційну здатність, стан і продуктивність підвидів сосни жовтої у географічних культурах. Проведено порівняння інтенсивності росту, селекційної структури та стану кліматипів. Встановлено, що підвид Pinus ponderosa subsp. ponderosa (Duglas ex Lawson) характеризується значним переважанням за висотою, кращою селекційною структурою та станом порівняно з іншими підвидами в умовах Харківщини. Виявлено що за сукупністю показників збереженості, продуктивності якісної структури та стану переважають такі походження цього підвиду: 819 (Darbi, M), 865 (Bend, OR) та 866 (Okanogan, W).

Peculiarities of Group Growth of Specimens in Populations of the Narrow-clawed Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus

Peculiarities of Group Growth of Specimens in Populations of the Narrow-clawed Crayfish Astacus leptodactylus

Peculiarities of the dendritic growth of N-acylsubstituted alanine monolayers at the air/water interface. Quantum-chemical approach .

Peculiarities of the dendritic growth of N-acylsubstituted alanine monolayers at the air/water interface. Quantum-chemical approach .

Phase equilibria diagrams, crystal growth peculiarities and Raman investigations of lead and sodium-bismuth tungstate–molybdate solid solutions

In this paper a comprehensive study of lead and sodium-bismuth tungstate–molybdate solid solutions was carried out, including the clarification of their structural peculiarities and phase diagrams of PbMoO4–PbWO4 and NaBi(MoO4)2–NaBi(WO4)2 systems, the study of spontaneous Raman spectra of these compounds, as well as preliminary experiments on single crystals growth of lead tungstate–molybdate. The linewidths, peak and integral intensities of the totally symmetric Raman vibrations of solid solutions were estimated in comparison with known SRS-active crystals. The conditions of the Czochralski growth of optically transparent lead tungstate–molybdate mixed crystals were found and SRS effect was observed in these crystals when pumping by 12ns 1064nm laser pulses.

Особенности ростовых процессов и функционирования антиоксидантной системы у трех поколений облученных популяций микромицетов Hormoconis Resinae

Особенности ростовых процессов и функционирования антиоксидантной системы у трех поколений облученных популяций микромицетов Hormoconis Resinae

The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on 137Cs accumulation in higher fungi after the accident at Chernobyl NPP

Levels of soil contamination with 137Cs, the belonging of fungi to a certain ecological group, the localization depth of the main part of mycelium in soil are the primary factors influencing the value of 137Cs specific activity in higher fungi after the accident at Chernobyl NPP. It has been found that the value of 137Cs specific activity in fungi of one species could vary by more than 10 times during a vegetation period. A correlation between the changes of 137Cs content in fungi during the vegetation period and the amount of precipitates during various periods preceding the collection of samples has not been determined. An assumption has been proposed stating dependence between peculiarities of mycelium growth during the vegetation period and the changes of 137Cs specific activity in fungi.

Properties and growth peculiarities of Si0.30Ge0.70 stressor integrated in 14 nm fin-based p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

Integration of Si0.30Ge0.70 in the Source/Drain (S/D) areas of metal oxide semiconductor transistors built according to 14nm technological node rules has been shown. SiGe properties and growth peculiarities are presented and elaborated. In order to preserve the fin structures during a pre-epitaxy surface preparation, the H2 bake pressure had to be increased to 19,998Pa at 800°C. Influence of this bake on the Si recess in the S/D areas is presented. Excellent quality of both the raised and the embedded Si0.30Ge0.70 was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy inspections. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurement showed two stages of SiGe growth for the embedded case: first with a lower Ge content at the beginning of the deposition until the (111) facets are formed, and second with a higher Ge content which is governed by the growth on (111) planes. Nano-beam diffraction analysis showed that SiGe grown in the S/D areas of p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor is fully elastically relaxed in the direction across the fin and partially strained along the fin. Finally, a strain accumulation effect in the chain of transistors has been observed.