Peculiarities Of Construction Research Articles

Організація церковних приходів та церковне будівництво у німецькомовних колоністів Таврійської губернії у пореформенний період

The study of the history and culture of different peoples inhabiting or inhabiting the territory of our multinational country is still quite relevant for Russian historical science. Among these issues, a prominent place is occupied by the history of foreign colonization of the southern Ukraine, which began at the end of the 18th century. Foreign colonists (Germans, Mennonites, Bulgarians and others) took an active part in the development of these territories and played an important role in their economic and cultural development in the post-reform period. The purpose of the article is to study, using the example of the German and Mennonite settlements of the Tavricheskaya gubernia, certain aspects of the religious life of the colonist community in the southern region of modern Ukraine, related to the peculiarities of church construction and the formation of new church parishes among them. Religion played a very important role in the internal life of the German-speaking colonies in southern Ukraine. This, in particular, is evidenced by the great attention paid to the construction of churches and the opening of new church parishes by the colonial communities themselves. In turn, the tsarist government provided the colonists with a certain autonomy in their internal church affairs, but limited their religious influence on the local population. At the same time, the policy of the authorities in relation to the colonial clergy was characterized by a certain duality. On the one hand, she endowed him with significant benefits, and on the other hand, she tried to establish full control over his activities.

A Crytical Discourse Analysis of the Ukrainian War Refugees’ Image in British Press

Introduction. The article examines the peculiarities of the image construction of the Ukrainian war refugees as the consequence of political changes that swept the world in the war in Ukraine unleashed by Russia on February, 24, 2022. The relevance of the study is due to the growing scientific interest in the phenomenology of the discourse of migrants and refugees and its aspects.Methods. The research of mass media discourse was conducted in the context of critical discourse analysis (CDA).Results. The study based on the material of the British press analyses the mechanisms of the refugees’ image formation. As an instrument of the impact on the society, mass media discourse is structured and meets certain requirements. We identify the discourse topics where the Ukrainian refugees are presented as the threat to European security, as the most socially vulnerable individuals suffering the consequences of the war in their home country or as heroes forced to risk their lives. As social actors, Ukrainian refugees are represented either as a collective identity, or as individuals. The study concludes about the strategies that form the image of refugees (impersonification, victimization, referential, in-group and out-group framing), about the linguistic means verbalizing the strategies (generalised nouns, numerals, adjectives, idioms and collocations), and the stylistic figures (metaphors, allusions, oxymoron, hyperbolas, personification). Discussion. The prospects for further exploration we see in the study of the image of the Ukrainian refugees in the social media discourse.

ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ЮРИДИЧНОЇ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ СТ. 204 КРИМІНАЛЬНОГО КОДЕКСУ УКРАЇНИ... ЯК ПЕРЕДУМОВА ЇЇ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО ПРАВОЗАСТОСУВАННЯ

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of offenses related to the illegal manufacture, storage, sale or transportation for the purpose of sale of excise goods: tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, fuel and lubricants, etc. Illegal transactions with excise goods lead to significant non-payment of funds to the State Budget of Ukraine. Failure to fulfill the budget in terms of revenues makes it impossible for the state to fulfill its obligations in full and exacerbates social tension in society, and in the period of martial law also significantly limits the financial capabilities of the state. The purpose of the article is to update the ways of improving the criminal law principles of criminal prosecution for the illegal manufacture, storage, sale or transportation for the purpose of sale of excise goods. The main results of the study were reflected in the analysis of the features of the legal construction of Art. 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine «Illegal manufacture, storage, sale or transportation for the purpose of sale of excise goods.» It has been found that the peculiarities of the legal construction of the specified norm in a certain way complicate law enforcement and reduce the capabilities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against violations of public relations in the field of production and circulation of excise goods. It has been proved that the formulation of the subject of the crimes provided for in part. 1 and 2 Art. 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, such as ethyl alcohol, alcohol distillates, alcoholic beverages, beer, tobacco products, tobacco, industrial tobacco substitutes, fuel or other excise goods. It is proposed to define the subject of criminal offenses, the responsibility for the commission of which is provided for in Art. 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, only as «excise goods». It is emphasized that it is impractical to recognize the goods as the subject of the specified crime only if the excise tax is included in its price, because this does not correspond to the provisions of the industry legislation that regulates transactions with excise goods. It has been proven that the absence of 1 and 2 Art. 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine regarding the size of the subject of criminal offenses does not ensure the humanization of criminal legislation. Separate changes to the disposition of Art. 204 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the fight against illegal transactions with excise goods, as well as the prompt restoration of social relations violated as a result of criminal offenses committed, the subject of which are excise goods.

Semantic compatibility and construction of the denominative relative clause "in the spirit"

This article is dedicated to semantic compatibility of the denominative relative clause "in the spirit" and its construction. The relevance of this research consists in the need for comprehensive analysis of such lexical units that are refereed to as functional words, however, have the characteristics of the nominal. The object of this research is the denominative relative clause "in the spirit". The subject is determination of the construction of this relative clause and its semantic compatibility with other linguistic units. The article aims to reveal the semantic and constructive peculiarities of the denominative relative clause “in the spirit” leaning on the analyzed linguistic material. Detailed description is given to the two-term construction of the relative clause "in the spirit", its right and left components. This study explains the semantic component of the relative clause "in the spirit", which reflects the relations of similarity, correspondence, or singularity. This article is first to examine the denominative relative clause "in the spirit" form the perspective of semantic compatibility and construction, which determines the scientific novelty. The denominative relative clause “in the spirit" usually expresses semantics that describes the correspondence of object, action, event or phenomenon to certain characteristics. Context analysis demonstrates that the relative clause forms a two-term construction with the left and right component. The lexical-semantic composition of the right and left components can be expressed in a variety of lexical ways. The left component of the relative clause "in the spirit" for the most part is represented by verbal lexicon, while the right component – by nominal lexicon. The conclusion is made that the signs described in the semantic structure of the relative clause “in the spirit” have direct and indirect methods of characterization. The indirect method lies in reference to the phenomenon, event, or historical fact; while the direct method of characterization is not attributed to a particular event.

Возрастные признаки потерпевшего от преступления: некоторые вопросы уголовно-правовой регламентации и толкования

It is stated that in certain norms of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the minor and (or) the minor victim age has criminal legal significance. This attribute, by its legal significance, is either mandatory or affects the deed qualification within the relevant article of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. It is revealed that the design features of some norms predetermine the need to consider the victim age in conjunction with his other properties. The article examines the features of the criminal law regulation and interpretation of this feature in relation to crimes against life and health, as well as crimes that infringe on the interests of the family and minors. It is established that along with the victim age, in certain articles of Chapter 16 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to identify his helplessness, which is due to the construction peculiarities of the relevant criminal law norms. In Article 151.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, in addition to the age criterion, it is necessary to determine the mental attitude of a minor to the actions he commits and their consequences. The conclusion is made relative to the fact that a prerequisite for criminal liability is not only the victim ability to understand the actual nature and significance of the actions in which he is involved, but also an actively negative attitude to possible consequences. Criteria for distinguishing related norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federationhave been developed, considering the properties of the composition analyzed feature.

Daurian jew’s harp: a little-known musical instrument

This article examines the little-studied in the Russian scientific ethnographic and musicological literature Daurian traditional musical instrument mukulien (Chinese 木库莲), which is classified as jew’s harp. The goal of this article lies in determination of its role in modern spiritual culture of the Daurians, as well as characterization of the key stages of the history and evolution of mukulien, including the description of constructive peculiarities based on the material of folk legends and modern Chinese ethnographic research. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that in scientific ethnographic literature, the Daurian jew's harp (mukulien) has not previously become a separate subject of research. The article employs the historical, ethnographic, philosophical and musicological analysis. The previously unstudied Daurian legend about the invention of mukulien by the Daurian widow to console her heart from grieving is introduced into the scientific discourse. As a result, the author traces the main stages in the development of mukulien in Daurian culture, as well as determines the key aspects of further study of the phenomenon of jew’s harp.

OLD ENGLISH SWA SIMILES: STRUCTURE OVERVIEW

This paper describes a way of expressing figurative similarity through Old English constructions employing the element swa ‘as’ (or its variants) as a comparison marker, which in early Middle English developed into two distinct lexemes: the adverb also and the conjunction as, the latter often found in clauses of comparison. The uniqueness of this type of Anglo-Saxon simile is its capability to create similes whose tenors and vehicles either nominate the referents standing behind them or provide a certain amount of information concerning their actions or states, being expressed either by lexemes or clauses, correspondingly. The constructions in question are scrutinised regarding their structure, which sheds some light on its interdependency and interconnectedness with part of speech semantics as well as emphasis. The data is quantified in terms of grammatical as well as information distribution-related issues. This analysis results in a detailed description of two major categories of the Old English swa simile depending on the number of verbalised components, their positioning, and grammatical expression; it also briefly touches upon the chronological peculiarities of the concerned constructions as well as the comparison with other means of figurative similarity expression in Old English. The analysis is carried out on material that has never been studied before.

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSFERRING SYNTACTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING MODALITY OF A FICTION TEXT IN INTER-SEMIOTIC TRANSLATION

The article analyzes the peculiarities of construction and functioning of modal constructions present in the works of world classics. Attention is paid to the specifics of the presentation of accompanying educational texts, at the syntactic level cannot convey subjective-modal and objective-modal aspects of artistic imagery in the presentation of a brief content and descriptive characteristics by means of inter-semiotic translation. It is noted that Ukrainian linguists traditionally support the approach to the analysis of syntactic categories, according to which the general syntactic structure of the Slavic sentence is considered as a complex unity of syntactic relations. It is illustrated that on the grammatical level modality is expressed by actual, imperative, conditional verbs, and is realized, respectively, in narrative, inducement, and negative sentences. At the lexico-grammatical level both modal words and modal verbs are used to express modality. Keywords: modality, syntax, construction, subjective-modal, objective-modal, modal meaning, objectivity, irreality, interlinguistic translation, inter-semiotic translation.

Hypertextual construction of events: cognitive-discourse study

The article views hypertext as an instrument of constructing events treated as cognitive-discourse formations, giving access to the conceptualization of the world. Different in format, quality and hypertext British print digitalized newspapers The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Mail and electronic newspapers The Telegraph, The Mail Online have been used as data sources in this research. The complex cognitive-discourse methodology with the techniques of image-schematic analysis and hypertextual analysis has been applied to specify the peculiarities of hypertextual event construction on the front page of British newspapers. It has been found out that the primary function of newspaper hypertext is to distinguish events by the way of their construction. In the broadsheet edition of The Daily Telegraph, the front page hypertext provides a clear distinction between the announcement of events and their main representation. The hypertext of the main web-page of The Telegraph contains only event announcements that can be distinguished according to the genre of their construction. On the front page of the tabloids The Daily Mail and The Mail Online the distinguishing function is partly neutralized as the announcement of events and their main representation are merged and blurred. According to the topological principle, the hypertextual patterns of announcing events on the front page of the broadsheet The Daily Telegraph and the tabloid The Daily Mail have been singled out. The conducted research has shown that the broadsheet and the tabloid differ in the amount of space on the newspaper page allocated for event announcements as well as for verbal and nonverbal components specifying event construction. Asymmetry in the verbal and nonverbal event representation increases from the quality newspaper The Daily Telegraph to the electronic tabloid The Mail Online where the nonverbal component dominates. The latter, as a rule, is used for constructing the external events, less important for the British society, whereas the verbal component is employed for representing more important internal events. The study has shown that unlike the print nonlinear newspaper hypertext, the electronic one is multilinear and gives access to a considerable number of events. It has been demonstrated that the front page newspaper hypertext constructs events of different relevance according to the coordinates UP – DOWN and LEFT – RIGHT. Resonant events appealing to the reader’s rational view are constructed in the UPPER part of the front page. Social daily events are constructed briefly from CENTER to BOTTOM of the front page and produce an emotive and evaluative reaction.

Забезпечення безпеки в установах виконання покарань

The author points out that today in the practical and scientific environment there is a doctrine which states that security in penal institutions consists of three components: dynamic, physical and procedural. The elements of physical security provide for the peculiarities of penal institutions construction taking into account the possibility of proper convicts’ protection and supervision, the possibility of ensuring an adequate level of security for both convicts and other persons, reducing the impact of criminogenic contamination on convicts. Procedural security, which provides for the creation of a system of regulatory and legal support for the process of execution and serving a sentence, preventive measures in order to prevent violations of the regime in penal institutions, ensuring convicts’ isolation, pass control, etc. Dynamic security is a special type of management of a penal institution, which is based on the principles of organizing criminal-executive and preventive activities related to the relationships between the staff of penal institutions and convicts. Despite the three components of this type of activity, special attention is paid only to dynamic security, which negatively affects the functioning of the entire system, the purpose of which is to correct and re-socialize convicts, ensure security in penal institutions, reduce post-penitentiary criminality. With this purpose, it is necessary to focus attention on the following areas of reforming the penitentiary system of Ukraine: using solitary confinement at night, building new penal institutions in accordance with the positive practice of other countries; reformatting national criminal-executive legislation, especially in the field of applying preventive measures; establishing approbation supervision over persons who are released from penal institutions; reducing the level of staff turnover in the State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine. Key words: penal institution, security, convict, physical, procedural, dynamic security.

Peculiarities of Construction and Analysis of the Information Warfare Model with Markov Switchings and Impulse Perturbations Under Levy Approximation Conditions

Peculiarities of Construction and Analysis of the Information Warfare Model with Markov Switchings and Impulse Perturbations Under Levy Approximation Conditions

Тhe study of the product range of modern oral care devices – irrigators

Research over the past decade has found that the etiology of periodontal disease is a bacterial infection. Efficient ongoing removal of dental plaque is essential, but this may not be enough to completely eliminate the disease. An oral irrigator has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammatory responses associated with periodontal disease for daily use. It has been proven that the daily use of the oral cavity irrigator reduces plaque, concretion, gingivitis, bleeding, and the depth of periodontal probing.
 Aim. To investigate the modern assortment of irrigators available at the domestic market, conduct the commodity analysis, study their purpose, design features of these devices and their components, as well as the principles of operation and consumer properties.
 Materials and Methods. The informational, retrospective methods, as well as the materials based on research of scientific literature, Internet resources and own conclusions were used.
 Results. As a result of the research the authors provided a short historical perspective on the features and necessity of creating devices – irrigators. The current assortment of irrigators, their diversity, purpose, elements of construction, configuration, principles of operation of the device, general technical characteristics have been analyzed. A detailed study of technical characteristics and the comparison of design features of different types of irrigators have been carried out. As a result of the research, it has been determined that this apparatus is represented only by foreign manufacturers at the Ukrainian market. Due to the annual modernization of dental equipment the commodity analysis of irrigators is a hot topic, which must be constantly studied. This will enable modern distributors and pharmacists to thoroughly possess information about irrigators and to bring it to consumers.
 Conclusions. The knowledge of the assortment, types, principles of operation, peculiarities of construction and technical characteristics of irrigators are the basis for consumers to receive high-quality and affordable devices, which will guarantee timely and high-quality oral care.

Peculiarities of land development and construction in the Arctic region, given the dynamics of climate change

The article covers the specifics of land development and construction in the Arctic North. This requires the effective use of climate information to select optimal solutions for preventing unjustified overpricing of facilities, increased heat loss, low thermal resistance, and durability, affecting the overspending of capital investments. Recent trends in dynamic climate change leading to rising global sea levels, which could flood coastal areas of the Arctic seas, are considered. This can come along with the destruction of the coastal area and pose a great danger to infrastructure facilities.

ON THE PROBLEM OF GENESIS OF THE CROSS-DOMED ARCHITECTURAL TYPE

The article concerns constructive peculiarities of Armenian cross-domed churches in comparison with Byzantine monuments of the same period.
 Cross-domed type occupies the central place in the architecture of Eastern Christian countries. Central part of the type consists of nine bays, the central bay is a large square, the corner bays smaller squares, the remaining four bays are rectangular. Central bay, limited with four supports, is domed, corner bays and rectangular bays are vaulted. The character of underdome supports determines constructive and compositional structure of cross-domed building.
 Cross-domed architectural type appeared in Armenia during the V – the VI-th centuries on the ground of synthesis of vaulted basilicas with pillars and centrally-planned domed martyria and gained its highest development at the VII-th century – a great century of Armenian church building. Masons have developed construction of cross-domed edifice that reduced thrust of dome and was resistant against destroying earthquakes.
 Great cross-domed cathedrals at Dvin, Thalin, Bagavan, Mren and some others have been built during the seventh century. Four mighty pillars supporting domes of the monuments were of complicated forms and had 3 to 9 square meters in plan. Large domes crowning cathedrals were 8 to 11 m in diameter, cеntral underdome space dominates within edifice. Constructive structure of the building corresponds with its outward architectural composition.
 A lot of Byzantine churches built during the X-th – the XII-th centuries, especially those of Constantinople, were of the cross-domed architectural type, also named by some scholars as “cross-inscribed” type or “church on four columns”. The core of those Byzantine churches also consists of nine bays, its central bay covered with a dome resting on four supports. These supports consist of two different parts – column (in its lower part) and a wall over it. Such construction of dome supports limited the development of the architectural composition of cross-domed Byzantine churches which are rather small structures.
 In contrast to Byzantine squat churches “on four columns” Armenian cross-domed cathedrals have large dimensions and expressive architectural compositions.

Analysis Of Regularities Of Rotation Frequency Change And Noise Values Of Chain Drive Shaft With Elastic Element

The article provides a diagram and constructional peculiarities of a chain drive with a composite driven sprocket and a composite roller in the transmission mechanisms of technological machines. The regularities of the driven sprocket shafts movement, as well as the noise indicators of the compared chain drives are presented. Based on the analysis of the obtained experimental results, the main parameters of the recommended chain transmission with elastic elements were substantiated.

Особенности реализации эффективного алгоритма параллельных вычислений для моделирования обледенения стреловидного крыла с профилем GLC-305

The paper considers the possibility of the ICELIB library, developed at ISP RAS, for modeling ice formation processes on the surface of aircraft. As a test example to compare the accuracy of modeling the physical processes arising during the operation of the aircraft, the surface of a swept wing with a GLC-305 profile was studied. The possibilities of an efficient parallelization algorithm using a liquid film model, a dynamic mesh, and the geometric method of bisectors are discussed. The developed ICELIB library is a collection of three solvers. The first solver iceFoam1 is intended for preliminary estimation of the icing zones of the fuselage surface and aircraft’s swept wing. The change in the geometric shape of the investigated body is neglected, the thickness of ice formation is negligible. This version of the solver has no restrictions on the number of cores when parallelizing. The second version of solver iceDyMFoam2 is designed to simulate the formation of two types of ice, smooth (“Glaze ice”) and loose (“Rime ice"), for which the shape of ice often takes on a complex and bizarre appearance. The effect of changing the shape of the body on the icing process is taken into account. The limitations are related to the peculiarities of the construction of the mesh near the boundary layer of the streamlined body. Different algorithms are used to move the front and back edges of the film, which are optimized for their cases. The performance gain is limited and is achieved with a fixed number of cores. The third version of solver iceDyMFoam3 also allows you to take into account the effect of changes in the surface of a solid during the formation of ice on the icing process itself. For the case of smooth ice formation, the latest version of the solver is still inferior in its capabilities to the second one with complex ice surface shapes. In the third version, a somewhat simplified and more uniform approach is still used to calculate the motion of both boundaries of the ice film. The estimation of the calculation results with the data of the experiment from M. Papadakis for various airfoils and swept wing for the case of “Rime ice” is carried out. Good agreement with the experimental results was obtained.

О феномене киномузыки Сергея Курехина: от механики к аффекту

The article is devoted to the Perestroika conceptual musician Sergey Kuryokhin and his experiments in the field of film music. Two films—The Castle (1994) by Aleksei Balabanov and Three Sisters (1994) by Sergei Solovyov—are analyzed as exemplary situations with music participating in the structuring of a cinematic form. The peculiarities of the dramaturgic construction of The Castle are largely determined by the film’s musical concept. It combines the genre model of opera ballet with a compositional scheme of the moment-form—a principle of free sequence of self-sufficient structures, invented by Karlheinz Stockhausen. The image of a music box— a visual leitmotif voiced by Kuryokhin’s “mechanical” music—becomes an absurdist metaphor of the social order demonstrated in the film. In Three Sisters, on the other hand, the musicality of the cinematic structure stems from the connection, characteristic of Chekhov’s primary source, of artistic space with the natural universe and the inner intonation of the verbal form. This feature of the original play is answered in the film by filling the diegetic space with visual attributes of the elements (snow, fog, autumn leaves) correlated with the off-screen sounds (dripping water, wind, birds), as well as acoustic auratization of space. The sound text in Three Sisters demonstrates the work with romantic intonation clichés inlaid into the flow of the composer’s individual style. The author of the article shows how Kuryokhin’s searches in the field of film music had anticipated the cultural discourse of the metamodern long before it became a cultural trend in the 2010s. For instance, his methods of transforming baroque expressive figures (ornamentation elements and lamento intonations) into repetitive formulas, as well as deliberate simplification of the intonational development and the musical syntax are interpreted in the text as a search for a new artistic affect in the semantic range from New Simplicity to metamodern post-irony.

ОБ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ ФОРМ КОМПОЗИЦИИ КАМЕННЫХ РЕЛЬЕФОВ ЭПОХИ ХАНЬ ПРОВИНЦИИ ШАНЬДУН

The stone reliefs of the Han era (206 BC – 220 AD) are a special type of funerary art with its own specific set of plots and art forms. Shandong Province takes the first place in China in terms of number of founding relief images. The peculiarity of the compositional construction of the Han's reliefs is that it isn’t based on the spatial principle of image transmission, but on the plastic-planar pictorial principle of a two-dimensional composition, which, with its thoughtful use, can carry the maximum emotional charge [Moshkov, Kuznetsov 1994]. Based on that, author’s own typology of the compositions of Han reliefs was built. Article the object of the study are stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty, Shandong Province, represented on stone sarcophagi, in stone tombs, temples of ancestors and steles, and passed the past two stages of its heyday. The purpose and objective of the study is to identify and study the laws of evolution of the composition of the stone reliefs of the Han Dynasty, Shandong Province, based on V.M. Moshkova’s principles of composition, using systemic and iconological research methods. Images on the stone reliefs of the Han tombs are distinguished by the peculiarity of the forms of compositional constructions, the process of development and evolution of which occurs in accordance with certain laws. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the starting point for the development of relief compositions of stone sarcophagi were two forms – symmetrical and nested (including several levels following the outlines and forms of stone material), which during the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty supplemented the “V”-shaped composition. Their further development is associated with the use of dispersed, zoned, irregular composition techniques, which spread around in turn of the CE. At the same time, a variety of compositional forms is also observed in the reliefs of tombs, temples of ancestors and stelae, in the reliefs of which during the period of the Eastern Han (25–220 CE) many different forms of compositional organization appear: for example, asymmetric, segmented, shingles wrong etc. The composition of combinations of geometric shapes, consisting, as a rule, of squares and circles, is also distributed. A variety of compositional forms is associated, on the one hand, with the complication of the architecture of burial structures and an increase in their scale. On the other hand, with the enrichment of the content and plots of reliefs, which is becoming more diverse and includes not only the image of Confucian’s symbols, but also narratives that reflect episodes from the lives of those buried. This indicates not only the process of improving art forms during the Han era, but also reflects a certain evolution of religious and philosophical thought, changes that took place in this period in the social structure of ancient Chinese society, and also, possibly, some external influences on the development of Chinese art.

ИСТОРИЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА И ПОСЛЕДУЮЩИХ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЙ МАРИИНСКОГО (КРАСНОГО) МОСТА ГОРОДА ОРЛА В 70-Х ГГ. XIX – XX ВЕКЕ

The purpose of the study is to analyze the his-torical data on the peculiarities of the Mariinsky (Red) Bridge construction in the city of Orel in the 70s of the XIX century. In the paper the analysis of the subsequent reconstructions of this structure is given on the basis of a comparative method, including the period after the Great Patriotic War. The relevance of the article is caused by modern works on the reconstruction of the bridge, currently being carried out. The given historical data allow architects and designers to take into account the architectural features of the facility, which are historical, in order to preserve them as fully as possible.

Syntactic means of positive emotions representation in American and British drama

The paper discusses the peculiarities of syntactic constructions presenting positive emotions in the speech of characters in dramas by modern American and British playwrights. The proposed research method suggests application of a correlative classification of extralinguistic and linguistic features including paradigmatic systems of emotional states and structural forms as an instrument for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Positive emotions are classified according to the criterion of their impact on speech-thought processes. A hierarchical paradigmatic classification of structural deformations of the emotionally neutral invariant including transformations, modifications and primary syntactic features is introduced. The prognostic potential of primary syntactic features in respect of the three types of emotional states is explored. It is shown that more than a half of primary features when used in isolation belong to the first (absolute) or the second level of dominancy according to the algorithmic identification of the emotional state type and that the character of positive emotions’ effect on the speech-thought process (beneficial, boundary or destructive) correlates with the choice of syntactic structures. Differences in the number and types of syntactic constructions realized under the influence of positive and negative emotions are described. The role of qualitative and quantitative discrepancy in syntactic specificities with positive and negative emotions for further researches concerning identification issues purposes is shown.