Peculiar Application Research Articles

Modeling of a Single Repeating Unit for Protonic Ceramic Cell Applications

Protonic Ceramic Cells (PCCs) are a promising alternative to oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide cells (SOCs), offering benefits for hydrogen separation, electrolysis and fuel cell applications. The main advantages are the lower operating temperature and the capability of using/producing a pure hydrogen stream due to the protonic conductor. Recent advancements in PCCs at the laboratory level are encouraging, and the current development stage is focusing on the scale-up of the technology to cross the gap between single cells and stacks. An intermediate stage for this process is the development of single repeating units (SRU), composed of cells, sealings and interconnects. The design of the SRU is the first step of development, which consists in the selection of the optimal geometry of the interconnect-cell assembly for a peculiar cell and application which allows achieving a homogeneous temperature field and an even distribution of the reactants to the electrodes during the operation. In order to optimize the design of the geometry, a common approach is to develop numerical models to simulate the fluidic distribution in the SRU and the thermal-electrical response of the integrated interconnect-cell assembly.A numerical model for three-dimensional, steady-state simulations of an SRU geometry designed for a circular, anode-supported 40 cm2 PPC, composed of a BCZY electrolyte, NiO/BCZY anode, and a BCZY-BGLC air electrode has been developed. The numerical model implemented applies the equations for the conservation of mass, energy and momentum in fluid and porous domains coupled with activation kinetic equations in the active electrodes. In the solid domains, the model applies energy and charge conservation equations. The model calculated the distribution of chemical species and temperature, and the pressure and velocity fields in the fluid domains. In the solid domains, the distribution of temperature, electronic/ionic potentials and current is evaluated. The cell model has been first calibrated using experimental data from single cell polarizations.The structure considered for the SRU is shown in Figure 1 (cross-section). In the configuration simulated, the cell is sealed with a glass-ceramic seal placed between the electrolyte of the cell and a metallic frame (Figure 1b and Figure 1c). Metallic meshes/foams are placed in contact with the electrodes to improve the electrical contact between them and interconnect plates of the system (Figure 1d). Compressive seals (Figure 2e) are utilized between the frame and interconnects. Finally, interconnects are at the bottom and on top of the system.To optimize the cell operation, we focused on the design of the interconnects, either with channels or porous foams to improve the gas distribution. The area in which the reactant has to be distributed and the thickness of layers is imposed by the cell geometry, but it is important to properly choose a gas flow distribution geometry (flow field) of the interconnect plate to guarantee high performance of chemical reactions in the cell electrodes. Hence, the geometrical parameters selected for the optimization were those of the channels (number, length, ribs dimensions parameters). Figure 1: Main structure of the SRU with a single cell. In the sequential schematics one can observe, the cell (a), the glass sealing (b), the metallic frame (c), the metallic meshes (d), the compressive sealing (e) and eventually the interconnect with channels (f). The objective functions selected for the optimization of the SRU geometry were the maximum temperature gradient in the cell volume and the voltage losses.The model has been applied to the simulation of both electrolysis and fuel cell operation and the interconnect geometry has been optimized for these two applications. The use of a porous metallic foam in place of the channels configuration has been also evaluated. Results show that complex channel configurations could optimize the flow fields for specific operating points, but simpler geometries are more flexible for the development of a SRU platform for general PCC applications. Figure 1

The impact of historical traditions on the regulation and practice of the preferential naturalization of Hungarians living outside the borders

AbstractThe study presents the impact of the historical origin of the making and application of law through a specific example. The regulation of nationality, a pivotal field of constitutional law, is considered a sovereign right of the Hungarian state which is exercised in line with Article G) of the Fundamental Law and Act No. LV of 1993 on Hungarian Citizenship. Hungarian naturalization practice, however, significantly changed in the wake of the amendment of the respective act: Hungarians living outside the borders have been entitled to preferential naturalization since 2011. This study aims to prove that this legislative action, which remarkably followed the designation of the day of the conclusion of the Trianon Peace Treaty as the Day of National Unity the previous year, was obviously influenced by historical considerations. The primary objective of preferential naturalization was to grant Hungarian nationality to persons of Hungarian origin whose ancestors had lost their Hungarian nationality in the aftermath of historical events involving the transfer of territories to neighbouring states. The study's point of departure is the Trianon Peace Treaty, the first major instrument to have a profound effect on the nationality of millions of Hungarians. The study explores the peculiar interpretation and application of treaty provisions relating to territorial changes and reveals the flaws in legal regulation which further contributed to the formation of a large community of Hungarians living outside the borders. Having surveyed the historical background, the analysis proceeds to examine the impact of historical traditions on the underlying motives and current domestic regulation of preferential naturalization. Evidence includes the broad scope of eligible persons, the wide range of documents accepted to prove descent, the verification of the required command of language, and the practical implementation of the procedure of naturalization. Research findings convincingly display the far-reaching effects of historical traditions on the regulation and practice of preferential naturalization in Hungary.

A deep neural framework for real-time vehicular accident detection based on motion temporal templates

Vehicular accident prediction and detection has recently garnered curiosity and large amounts of attention in machine learning applications and related areas, due to its peculiar and fascinating application potentials in the development of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that play a pivotal role in the success of emerging smart cities. In this paper, we present a new vision-based framework for real-time vehicular accident prediction and detection, based on motion temporal templates and fuzzy time-slicing. The presented framework proceeds in a stepwise fashion, starting with automatically detecting moving objects (i.e., on-road vehicles or roadside pedestrians), followed by dynamically keep tracking of the detected moving objects based on temporal templates, clustering and supervised learning. Then, an extensive set of local features is extracted from the temporal templates of moving objects. Finally, an effective deep neural network (DNN) model is trained on the extracted features to detect abnormal vehicle behavioral patterns and thus predict an accident just before it occurs. The experiments on real-world vehicular accident videos demonstrate that the framework can yield mostly promising results by achieving a hit rate of 98.5% with a false alarm rate of 4.2% that compare very favorably to those from existing approaches, while still being able to deliver delay guarantees for realtime traffic monitoring and surveillance applications.

A peculiar application of the fractal–fractional derivative in the dynamics of a nonlinear scabies model

In this paper, we provide a generic mathematical framework for scabies transmission mechanisms. The infections involving susceptible, highly contagious people and juvenile scabiei mites are characterized by a framework of ordinary differential equations (DEs). The objective of this study is to examine the evolution of scabies disease employing a revolutionary configuration termed a fractal–fractional (FF) Atangana–Baleanu (AB) operator. Generic dynamical estimates are used to simulate the underlying pace of growth of vulnerable people, clinical outcomes, and also the eradication and propagation rates of contaminated people and immature mites. We study and comprehend our system, focusing on a variety of restrictions on its basic functionalities. The model’s outcomes are assessed for positivity and boundedness. The formula includes a fundamental reproducing factor, R0, that ensures the presence and stability of all relevant states. Furthermore, the FF-AB operator is employed in the scabies model, and its mathematical formulation is presented using a novel process. We analyze the FF framework to construct various fractal and fractional levels and conclude that the FF theory predicts the affected occurrences of scabies illness adequately. The relevance and usefulness of the recently described operator has been demonstrated through simulations of various patterns of fractal and fractional data.

Effect of pressure ratio on the separation performances of different DRPSA configurations under equilibrium conditions

Dual reflux pressure swing adsorption is a peculiar application of pressure swing adsorption with relevant separation potential. In a proper range of operating parameters, high separation performances are achieved in many applications, including complete separation in the case of binary mixtures. In this work, a new representation of the design parameters suitable for complete separation based on the semi-analytical solution of the corresponding Equilibrium Theory model is proposed for the four basic process configurations. Namely, given feed position, feed composition, and adsorbent separation selectivity, the combinations of the remaining process parameters ensuring complete separation are identified in a 3D plot. Furthermore, the same model equations have been solved numerically to explore conditions of incomplete separation, where the semi-analytical solution is not available. In particular, the sensitivity of the separation performances of each configuration to the pressure ratio has been explored. More specifically, given the region of operating conditions suitable for complete separation, selected operating conditions outside this region have been explored aimed to recover/improve the separation quality. Even though the different configurations exhibit different behaviors, the general dependence of the product purity upon the pressure ratio is quite limited and only minor improvements can be obtained with a few exceptions.

A Peculiar Application of the Fractal-Fractional Derivative in the Dynamics of a Nonlinear Scabies Model

A Peculiar Application of the Fractal-Fractional Derivative in the Dynamics of a Nonlinear Scabies Model

Rod-Coil Block Copolymer: Fullerene Blend Water-Processable Nanoparticles: How Molecular Structure Addresses Morphology and Efficiency in NP-OPVs.

The use of water-processable nanoparticles (WPNPs) is an emerging strategy for the processing of organic semiconducting materials into aqueous medium, dramatically reducing the use of chlorinated solvents and enabling the control of the nanomorphology in OPV active layers. We studied amphiphilic rod-coil block copolymers (BCPs) with a different chemical structure and length of the hydrophilic coil blocks. Using the BCPs blended with a fullerene acceptor material, we fabricated NP-OPV devices with a sustainable approach. The goal of this work is to clarify how the morphology of the nanodomains of the two active materials is addressed by the hydrophilic coil molecular structures, and in turn how the design of the materials affects the device performances. Exploiting a peculiar application of TEM, EFTEM microscopy on WPNPs, with the contribution of AFM and spectroscopic techniques, we correlate the coil structure with the device performances, demonstrating the pivotal influence of the chemical design over material properties. BCP5, bearing a coil block of five repeating units of 4-vinilpyridine (4VP), leads to working devices with efficiency comparable to the solution-processed ones for the multiple PCBM-rich cores morphology displayed by the blend WPNPs. Otherwise, BCP2 and BCP15, with 2 and 15 repeating units of 4VP, respectively, show a single large PCBM-rich core; the insertion of styrene units into the coil block of BCP100 is detrimental for the device efficiency, even if it produces an intermixed structure.

On the pinning force in high density MgB2 samples

An analysis of the field dependence of the pinning force in different, high density sintered samples of MgB2 is presented. The samples were chosen to be representative for pure MgB2, MgB2 with additives, and partially oriented massive samples. In some cases, the curves of pinning force versus magnetic field of the selected samples present peculiar profiles and application of the typical scaling procedures fails. Based on the percolation model, we show that most features of the field dependence of the critical force that generate dissipation comply with the Dew-Hughes scaling law predictions within the grain boundary pinning mechanism if a connecting factor related to the superconducting connection of the grains is used. The field dependence of the connecting function, which is dependent on the superconducting anisotropy, is the main factor that controls the boundary between dissipative and non-dissipative current transport in high magnetic field. Experimental data indicate that the connecting function is also dependent on the particular properties (e.g., the presence of slightly non-stoichiometric phases, defects, homogeneity, and others) of each sample and it has the form of a single or double peaked function in all investigated samples.

THE PERSONALITY OF A. KRYMSKYI THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE DISCOURSE SPACE OF HIS LETTERS TO I. FRANKO

Linguistics of the XXI century focuses on ego-texts or personal texts, the study of which allows a deeper understanding of the language personality, the nature of the personal language space. The purpose of this scientific research is to find out the originality of a fragment of A. Krymskyi’s epistemes to I. Franko. As a result of the analysis, it was found out that Franko is a person close to Krymskyi in spirit. We trace the specifics of verbalization of intimacy (special forms of treatment that vary depending on the level of expression of feelings), the stipulation of respect and love, taking into account the peculiarities of the discursive originality of the creator of epistemes (intertextuality, tendency to model occasional words, use of reduced-loving forms, actualization of foreign inclusions). A. Krymskyi’s private letters contain genre speech subspecies, among which pity, complaint, justification, confession, approval, motivation, compliment, request, offer, gratitude, etc. prevail. In these letters, several genres are syncretically combined, creating hybrid genre epistolary zones. In general, these letters are respectfully majestic when the text concerns I. Franko, or ironically humorous when it comes to the personality of A. Krymskyi himself. The author of the letters models a kind of critical-intimate discourse, correctly expressing remarks. The main purpose of these letters is to inform about events, discuss everyday life, express emotions, tell about the facts of the biography, convince of the correctness of their opinions, critically point out certain scientific problems, set the addressee to positive and fruitful cooperation. Among the stylistic features of A. Krymskyi’s epistemes we single out (1) special honors or respectfully friendly addresses; (2) the use of various speech ego-text subgenres with their peculiar application and the corresponding dominant tone; (c) casual selection of language means, among which there are idiostyle ones; (d) immediacy in the expression of feelings; (e) ease of speech, sincerity. A. Krymskyi demonstrates creativity and clearly shows the individual style, reflected in his artistic and scientific discourse.

O uso do Micro:bit e sua aplicabilidade em uma escola pública da região Norte

Metodologias com abordagens diferenciadas que auxiliem o ensino e a aprendizagem em sala de aula têm sido muito estudadas, como a utilização da robótica educacional, laboratórios virtuais e dispositivos físicos que são ferramentas educacionais que atualmente estão se destacando quando se trata de novas propostas metodológicas para o ensino de Ciências e Matemática. Este trabalho investigou a utilização de um recurso para fins educativos por meio da plataforma BBC Micro:bit, como forma de engajar, motivar e promover o letramento computacional e científico dos estudantes dentro de uma cultura maker. A Aprendizagem Baseada em Projeto (PBL) e a interdisciplinaridade de forma integrada pelas disciplinas de Ciências, Tecnologias, Engenharia, Artes e Matemática (STEAM), por meio da metodologia STEAM, foram utilizadas nesta pesquisa. Foi elaborada uma oficina com o uso do Micro:bit, aplicada aos estudantes do primeiro ano do curso técnico em Informática, modalidade ensino médio regular da EETEPA Dr. Celso Malcher. Observou-se a partir dos resultados analisados o Micro:bit pode ser utilizado como ferramenta metodológica para ensinar os conteúdos vistos em sala de aula, principalmente quando utiliza-se a PBL e a metodologia STEAM de forma integrada.

Applications of Microbeams Produced by Tapered Glass Capillary Optics

Production of ion microbeams using tapered glass capillary optics was introduced more than 10 years ago. This technique has drawn attention in terms of both its peculiar transmission features and application to ion beam analysis. The transmission mechanism based on a self-organized charge-up process for keV-energy ions was observed for the first time in an experiment using a multitude of nanometer-sized capillaries in a polymer foil. The same mechanism can be seen for the transmission of keV ions through a single tapered glass capillary. The transmission experiments with keV ions showed a delayed transmission, focusing effects, guiding effects, and formation of microbeams. Experiments using MeV-energy ions always aim at applications of microbeam irradiation for material analysis, surface modification, cell surgery, and so on. In this article, the applications of MeV ion microbeams, including the fabrication method of the glass capillary, are reviewed, as well as the experimental and theoretical studies for the transmission mechanisms of keV/MeV ions.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI RESEP MASAKAN KHAS PALEMBANG BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN METODE SISTEM DINAMIS

Recipe cooking collection are available in many web sites, newspaper, magazine, and tabloid. This is still incomplete to satisfy public people needed who wants to know cooking menu specifically and how to use it easily such using with gadget tool. Peculiar Food, specially from Palembang city has an incredible fascinated interest in Indonesia. One of related research earlier about business development and documentation of Palembang peculiar cooking is done by Sihotang (2014) about pempek bunting business which is inspired by tahu bunting business. Palembang Peculiar food cooking application Android based developed in this research is targeted to the public people who needs detail information how to prepare the peculiar food from Palembang city, this application is enriched by interactive features such as tutorial video for user who has difficulty to prepare good quality food recipe. Beside this commentary features at the detail recipe pages is also able to be use as a form of quality improvement for cooking the food by interactively interacted with other users.

Multi-Scale Microstructure Investigation for a PM2.5 Air-Filter Efficiency Study of Non-Woven Polypropylene

A N95 face-piece respirator and a 3M air filter composed of non-woven polypropylene filter material were investigated for their multi-scale microstructure and resulting filtration performance. Filtration mechanisms of each system are found and quantified. Both media showed a gradually decrease of the most penetrating particle size with respect to an increase in face velocity or surface charge density. Increasing the face velocity and porosity dramatically degraded the collection efficiency in the 3M filter rather than in the N95 system. We exploited three-dimensional X-ray tomography to characterize the morphological and geometrical properties of the fiber arrangement and deposition of aerosol on the fiber surface. Tuning the most predominant material parameters to achieve a precedence in lower pressure drop or higher collection efficiency in a specifically captured particle size range is of great requisite to a peculiar application of the filter media.

Use of Pericardium for Cardiac Reconstruction Procedures in Acquired Heart Diseases-A Comprehensive Review.

Reconstruction of cardiac structures has been the goal of many surgeons even before the advent of open-heart procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass. Unsatisfactory results with synthetic materials has switched the attention to biological tissues, among which pericardium, either autologous or of animal origin, has been widely used as patch material. We have reviewed the literature to assess the effective role of pericardial tissue in the correction of various acquired cardiac lesions. Particularly, special attention was given not only to established techniques but also to detect any peculiar and unusual application of pericardium. Autologous pericardium is frequently used as patch material particularly when limited valvular lesions must be corrected, while xenograft pericardium appears particularly useful in patients with endocarditis and extensive destruction of the intracardiac structures by infection and abscesses. Pericardium is an extremely versatile material owing to its pliability and strength; however, it tends to calcify in the long term when in contact with blood, although stability of the repair is maintained in most cases. Pericardium plays an important role in various cardiac and aortic pathologies. Tissues resistant to fibrosis and calcification to be used as patch material are the ideal solution for more successful cardiac reconstruction procedures and will hopefully be provided by the ongoing research.

A MMIC power amplifier in GaN on Si technology for next generation Q band high throughput satellite systems

this paper deals with the design, realization and test of a Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit (MMIC) power amplifier (PA) for next generation Q-band high throughput satellite systems. The MMIC, based on a four-stage architecture, was realized on a commercial 100 nm gate length Gallium Nitride on Silicon (GaN-Si) process. Accounting for the peculiarities of the selected technology, especially the lossy substrate and the relevant thermal resistance, particular care was devoted to identify effective circuital solutions able to mitigate the insertion loss of the matching networks and the temperature increase in the active devices. Experimental results carried out directly on-wafer show that the PA can achieve a saturated output power of roughly 36dBm with a gain and a power added efficiency higher than 20 dB and 23%, respectively, in the operative band from 37.5 GHz to 42.5 GHz. The chip area is 3.54 × 3.5 mm2. Such results are close to others state-of-art PAs realized in more expensive GaN processes based on Silicon Carbide, thus demonstrating that high resistivity Silicon substrate can be efficiently adopted also in such a peculiar application.

Ion beam analysis for the study of our cultural heritage. A short history and its milestones

Ion Beam Analysis has earned, along the many years of use, a solid reputation in the study of our cultural heritage, a fascinating and technically demanding research area. The early stages of this peculiar application of accelerator-based analysis have been quite slow, compared with the rapid growth of these techniques in other fields. However, the evolution of the field has been continuous and has led, today, to the implantation, in several centres, of highly specialized set-ups, capable of a multi parametric research approach, in fully conservative conditions. This work reviews the history of the field, its relations with the IBA mainstream and its milestones.

Nanotoxicity assessment: A challenging application for cutting edge electroanalytical tools

In the recent years, the number of commercial products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has increased exponentially. Consequently, the toxicological profile of ENMs on the ecosystems as well as on human health has to be carefully evaluated. Nanotoxicology, an interdisciplinary research area devoted to assessing the hazards associated with ENMs, is expanding rapidly. Many physicochemical techniques and biochemical methodologies have been proposed and are currently used to characterize nanomaterials from a toxicological point of view. Electroanalytical and bioelectrochemical methods can be useful in expanding the repertoire of accessible nanotoxicity-assessment technologies and to accelerate the testing and screening of the toxicological effects of ENMs. These methods can be used for elucidating the toxicological behavior of ENMs at single cell, cell population and whole-organism levels, for in vitro and in vivo measurements, respectively. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the bioelectrochemical approaches that have been proposed for ENMs toxicity assessment. Furthermore, an overview on cutting-edge electroanalytical devices with a potential impact to this peculiar application is provided.

A peculiar application of Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in neuroscience: Chaotic burst dynamics

Recent discussions on the non validity of index law in fractional calculus have shown the amazing filtering feature of Mittag–Leffler function foreseing Atangana–Baleanu derivative as one of reliable mathematical tools for describing some complex world problems, like problems of neuronal activities. In this paper, neuronal dynamics described by a three dimensional model of Hindmarsh–Rose nerve cells with external current are analyzed analytically and numerically. We make use of the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative in Caputo sense (ABC derivative) and asses its impact on the dynamic, especially the role played by its derivative order in combination with another control parameter, the intensity of the applied external current. Our analysis proves existence of equilibria whose some are unstable of type saddle point, paving the ways for possible bifurcations in the process. Numerical approximations of solutions reveal a system with initially regular bursts that evolve into period-adding chaotic bifurcations as the control parameters change, with precisely the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative’s order decreasing from 1 down to 0.5.

3D recording of ancient wooden boats for scientific and educational purposes

Digital survey techniques are well established in the cultural and archaeological heritage fields and they have been used by us to document, study and promote knowledge on ancient ships and wooden boats. In this paper, we want to show four case studies with different peculiarity on which digital techniques have been applied: (1) ‘Comacchio sewn boat’, discovered in a land excavation site. (2) ‘Ercolano boat’, restored and exposed in a museum. (3) ‘Trabaccolo Nuovo Trionfo’, historical carriage boat of High-Adriatic sea. (4) Wooden scaled model of ‘brick Cygne’. These represent a peculiar application, complicated by the specific nature of the material of the boats, due to the structural stability and the shape of the wood that could be compromised in an aerobic environment. The archaeologists have the responsibility to employ a fast documentation, but with the correct precision and accuracy for the nominal scale of the survey; the use of digital imaging and survey techniques supports the researchers, such as video and photograph recording, multi-image photogrammetry and laser scanning, and the subsequent elaboration of a virtual 3D model of the real surveyed artefact. This allows scrupulous study of ancient naval construction from both a scientific and disseminative point of view to take place, permitting to increase the knowledge and perception by the general public of this important archaeological and historical heritage.

Exile in a Land of Exiles: The Early History of Criminal Transportation Law in New South Wales, 1788–1809

This article considers the peculiar application of English criminal transportation law in the ‘convict colony’ of New South Wales during its foundation years. It demonstrates, first, that transportation was not intended to be within the sentencing jurisdiction of the New South Wales Court, but that it was adopted and practised nonetheless, with confused and incongruous results. In particular, substantial challenges emerged in applying colonial or local sentences to a population that was largely already under sentence of transportation. The result was a raft of innovations and inconsistencies that highlighted the legal and practical problems of performing exile in a land of exiles.