Pectoralis Major Rupture Research Articles

The Affect of Grip Width on Bench Press Performance and Risk of Injury

summary Bodybuilders, athletes, and recreational lifters select a grip width during the bench press that they believe will produce a greater force output. Research has demonstrated that a wide grip (> 1.5 biacromial width) may increase the risk of shoulder injury, including anterior shoulder instability, atraumatic osteolysis of distal clavicle, and pectoralis major rupture. Reducing grip width to ≤1.5 biacromial width appears to reduce this risk and does not affect muscle recruitment patterns, only resulting in a ±5% difference in one repetition maximum.

The Affect of Grip Width on Bench Press Performance and Risk of Injury

summary Bodybuilders, athletes, and recreational lifters select a grip width during the bench press that they believe will produce a greater force output. Research has demonstrated that a wide grip (>1.5 biacromial width) may increase the risk of shoulder injury, including anterior shoulder instability, atraumatic osteolysis of distal clavicle, and pectoralis major rupture. Reducing grip width to ≤1.5 biacromial width appears to reduce this risk and does not affect muscle recruitment patterns, only resulting in a ±5% difference in one repetition maximum.

Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle: Surgical treatment in athletes

Pectoralis major tendon rupture is a relatively rare injury, resulting from violent, eccentric contraction of the muscle. Over 50% of these injuries occur in athletes, classically in weight-lifters during the 'bench press' manoeuvre. We present 13 cases of distal rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in athletes. All patients underwent open surgical repair. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to confirm the diagnosis in all patients. The results were analysed using (1) the visual analogue pain score, (2) functional shoulder evaluation and (3) isokinetic strength measurements. At the final follow-up of 23.6 months (14-34 months), the results were excellent in six patients, good in six and one had a poor result. Eleven patients were able to return to their pre-injury level of sports. The mean time for a return to sports was 8.5 months. The intraoperative findings correlated perfectly with the reported MRI scans in 11 patients and with minor differences in 2 patients. We wish to emphasise the importance of accurate clinical diagnosis, appropriate investigations, early surgical repair and an accelerated rehabilitation protocol for the distal rupture of the pectoralis major muscle as this allows complete functional recovery and restoration of full strength of the muscle, which is essential for the active athlete.

Pectoralis major muscle tear diagnosed with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound - A case report

Traumatic tears of the pectoralis major muscle are rare, but they are becoming more prevalent as the numbers of both professional and recreational athletes increase. Pectoralis major injuries typically occur in active individuals who do manual labor or participate in sports. Wightlifting is by far the most common sport associated with pectoralis major ruptures. Diagnosis can usually be made based upon history and physical examination; however, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful tools in diagnosis and pre-operative planning. Specific treatment options should be based upon the severity of the injury and the patient's individual needs. Initial post-injury immobilization and subsequent physical therapy can contribute to a patient regaining full shoulder motion and being able to conduct normal daily activities. Surgery with repair of the pectoralis major rupture is able to restore normal chest-wall contours and muscular strength.

Pectoralis major rupture in elderly patients: a clinical study of 13 patients.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and describe circumstances and clinical aspects of pectoralis major rupture in elderly patients compared with younger patients. Eleven patients were nursing home residents and two were community residents. All had severe pain with a large pectoral ecchymosis extending to the lateral chest wall and arm. Twelve patients experienced substantial blood loss (average, 2.3 g/dL hemoglobin), which resulted in hemodynamic decompensation in two of the patients, necessitating a blood transfusion. The most probable mechanism of injury was indirect, caused by a brisk tearing movement applied to stiff, atrophic muscle during commonly used nursing procedures for transferring, positioning, and dressing the patients. The authors suspect this injury to be more common than reported. Although surgical repair is not required in the elderly, a proper diagnosis is imperative because the injury has a severe clinical impact necessitating care and followup.

Pectoralis major rupture in the elderly: Clinical and sonographic findings

We describe clinical and sonographic features of pectoralis major rupture in the elderly, which is relatively rare and unknown. Patients presented with a large pectoral ecchymosis extending to the axilla, chest wall, breast and arm. The pectoral area was sensitive, sometimes with a visible and palpable defect in the axilla. Ultrasound examination showed a large hypoechoic, well-circumscribed structure representing a hematoma within the pectoralis major muscle, partially replacing the normal echo muscle pattern. Ultrasonography is a useful, low cost diagnostic tool, and is recommended in the investigation of pectoralis major rupture in the elderly.

Delayed repair of a pectoralis major tendon rupture with allograft: A case report

Ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle and tendon have been considered rare injuries, occurring primarily in male weight lifters during the eccentric phase of the bench press. There have also been sporadic case reports of isolated injuries occurring in other events in which resisted forces are applied to the extended-abducted humerus. 3 Arciero RA Cruser DL. Pectoralis major rupture with simultaneous anterior dislocation of the shoulder. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1997; 6: 318-320 Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (34) Google Scholar , 5 Berson BL. Surgical repair of pectoralis major rupture in an athlete. Case report of an unusual injury in a wrestler. Am J Sports Med. 1979; 7: 348-350 Crossref PubMed Scopus (53) Google Scholar , 6 Carek PJ Hawkins A. Rupture of pectoralis major during parallel bar dips. A case report and review. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998; 30: 335-338 Crossref PubMed Scopus (33) Google Scholar , 7 Delport HP Piper MS. Pectoralis major rupture in athletes. Arch Orthop Traumat Surg. 1982; 100: 135-137 Crossref PubMed Scopus (17) Google Scholar , 8 Dunkelman NR Collier F Rook JL et al. Pectoralis major rupture in windsurfing. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994; 75: 819-821 PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar , 10 Kawashima M Sato M Toriso T et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major. Report of two cases. Clin Orthop. 1975; 109: 115-119 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar , 15 Miller MD Johnson DL Fu FH et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in a collegiate football player. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21: 475-477 Crossref PubMed Scopus (79) Google Scholar , 18 Orava S Sorasto A Aalto K et al. Total rupture of pectoralis major muscle in athletes. Int J Sports Med. 1984; 5: 272-274 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar , 22 Tietjen R. Closed injuries of the pectoralis major muscle. J Trauma. 1980; 20: 262-263 Crossref PubMed Scopus (79) Google Scholar Many of these injuries are initially misdiagnosed by patients and first-line physicians as pulled muscles, delaying proper diagnosis and treatment. Despite delays, several authors have reported successful late surgical treatment of pectoralis major tendon ruptures months to years after the initial injury. 2 Anbari A Kelly JD Moyer RA. Delayed repair of a ruptured pectoralis major muscle. Am J Sports Med. 2000; 28: 254-256 PubMed Google Scholar , 4 Bak K Cameron EA Henderson IJ. Rupture of the pectoralis major. A meta-analysis of 112 cases. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2000; 8: 113-119 Crossref PubMed Scopus (183) Google Scholar , 11 Kretzler HH Richardson AB. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Am J Sports Med. 1989; 17: 453-458 Crossref PubMed Scopus (128) Google Scholar , 18 Orava S Sorasto A Aalto K et al. Total rupture of pectoralis major muscle in athletes. Int J Sports Med. 1984; 5: 272-274 Crossref PubMed Scopus (40) Google Scholar , 21 Schepsis AA Grafe MW Jones HP et al. Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle. Outcome after repair of acute and chronic injuries. Am J Sports Med. 2000; 28: 9-15 PubMed Google Scholar We report a case in which adequate mobilization of the ruptured muscle-tendon unit was not possible 8 weeks from the time of injury. A successful surgical result was achieved with the use of an Achilles tendon allograft to augment the repair. To the best of our knowledge, this technique has not been previously reported in the English literature.

역도(力道)선수에서 견관절 질환

Purpose: Weight lifting is a good training to control body weight, to correct body shape and to relieve stress. How-ever if the training is continued by inadequate training method and technique, the risks of the shoulder injuries are relatively high. Main Subject: The rotator cuff injury is the most common disorder to wright lifters and often results from the train- ing program of upright row, military press and pectoral deck. The chances of subacromial impingement in these postures are high because the shoulder rotates under the acromion at 90 abduction state. Shoulder instability in weight lifters can develop due to various causes. aepeated microtrauma and excessive abduction and external rotation may result in laxity of the anterior capsular structure, ligament and muscles. Behind the neck and bench press are high risk training postures. Other than those injuries, idiopathic osteolysis of distal clavicle, acromioclavicular separation, pectoralis major muscle rupture, and triceps muscle rupture nay develop. Conclusion: The best treatment option of the shoulder injury to weight lifters is to eliminate the possible risk elements for the weight lifters in training program and to provide proper and prompt treatment as soon as possible.

Injuries to the pectoralis major.

Pectoralis major injuries typically occur in active individuals participating in manual labour or sports. While these injuries are rarely reported, the actual incidence of pectoralis tears among all shoulder injuries is unknown. Diagnosis can usually be made based on a patient's history and physical examination. However, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful tools for diagnosis and pre-operative planning. Specific treatment options should be based on the severity of the injury and the patient's individual needs. Nonoperative management consisting of immobilisation and physical therapy can offer a functional result with return of shoulder motion and activities of daily living. In recent studies, operative repair of pectoralis major rupture has been shown to restore normal chest-wall muscle contours and pre-operative strength (even in competitive athletes). Although complications such as re-rupture, infection, and heterotopic ossification do occasionally occur, favourable results should be expected when surgical repair is performed either acutely or in a delayed fashion.

Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle in nursing home residents

Pectoralis major rupture is relatively rare; only about 150 cases have been reported (1,2). The injury can occur in men from infancy to old age, but is most frequent between the ages of 20 and 40 years (1,3). It usually occurs during sports activity (e.g., weight lifting, wrestling, football, and rugby), or at work (2), after extreme muscle tension or direct trauma (2,4,5), although spontaneous rupture has been reported (6). We report a series of cases involving nursing home residents who had rupture of the pectoralis major muscle.

Pectoralis major rupture during gait training: Case report

Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle is rare. The majority of cases have been reported in young, healthy athletes during strenuous activities such as weight-lifting, wind surfing, and football. The injury is thought to result from either a forceful contraction of the muscle applied to an immovable object or a sudden stretching force applied to the contracting muscle. This report describes a case of a 79-year-old man with a history of severe degenerative joint disease of the right hip and a recent left transtibial amputation secondary to a failed arterial bypass procedure. During prosthetic training the patient developed acute pain in the left shoulder and left axilla, which prevented him from further ambulation. Physical examination was consistent with a partial rupture of the pectoralis major. The causative factors of pectoralis major rupture in this patient are reviewed. To our knowledge, this is the first such case reported.

Pectoralis Major Rupture: Presentation of Two Cases and Review of 74 Cases

Pectoralis major rupture is uncommon. Injury usually occurs from sporting activities. The incidence and management of pectoralis major rupture is not well known, despite 74 case reports in the English language literature over the past 34 years. Two cases of chronic pectoralis ruptures and their successful surgical management are described. A review of the literature shows that most injuries occur at the humeral insertion, and most are complete ruptures. Distinguishing between complete and partial ruptures is important. Complete ruptures are best treated surgically in the acute situation. When chronic complete ruptures present, surgical repair yields fair to good results. Acute partial ruptures can be effectively managed conservatively or with surgery. Chronic partial ruptures can be managed surgically with good results, following unsatisfactory conservative management in the acute situation.

Pectoralis major rupture: Presentation of two cases and review of 74 cases

Pectoralis major rupture: Presentation of two cases and review of 74 cases

Pectoralis major muscle rupture in windsurfing

Board sailing (windsurfing) has become a popular water recreational activity. However, there is little in the medical literature concerning musculoskeletal complications resulting from participation in this sport. We present the first reported case of pectoralis major rupture sustained during board sailing. The patient was initially misdiagnosed, which happens commonly when this muscle ruptures. Only after conservative management failed was the correct diagnosis made and appropriate surgical intervention provided. Proper technique in board sailing requires sustained isometric contraction of the pectoralis major, deltoid and scapular stabilizers to maintain appropriate pull of the sail against wind resistance. Sharp increases in wind speed underly the mechanism of injury. Ruptures of the pectoralis major are usually complete, occur at or near the humeral insertion, and can be associated with misleading physical signs. Therefore, anatomy, clinical findings, surgical technique, and the postoperative rehabilitation program are stressed as to expedite diagnosis and maximize functional outcome.

An athletic shoe against hyperinversion in the ankle during high load performance

Background: Rupture of the pectoralis major muscle is a rare clinical entity that is becoming more common due to the increasing popularity of weightlifting and recreational sports. Due to the rarity of this condition, it may be missed at initial presentation and inappropriately treated, potentially leading to increased disability. Objectives: This case highlights the mechanism of injury, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of rupture of the pectoralis major. Case Report: The patient was a 31-year-old male bodybuilder who presented to the Emergency Department with acute pain and swelling in the left axilla after performing a bench press with a 400-pound barbell. The diagnosis of pectoralis major rupture was suspected and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, and early surgical repair was performed. Conclusion: The most common mechanism of injury is excessive tension on a maximally contracted pectoralis major muscle. Weightlifting, specifically bench pressing, is a common cause. The diagnosis can usually be made based on a patient's history and physical examination, but shortly after injury, the diagnosis may be obscured by severe pain and swelling. Magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice when the diagnosis remains unclear, and can avoid surgical delays. Early diagnosis and treatment within 3 to 8 weeks after the injury has the advantage of avoiding adhesions and muscle atrophy, and can prevent a delayed return to normal activities. Given the trend toward improved results with early surgical repair of complete rupture, it is important to raise awareness about pectoralis major muscle injury among Emergency Physicians to prevent missed or delayed diagnosis and repair.

Diagnosis and assessment of pectoralis major rupture by dynamometry

Four patients with pectoralis major ruptures underwent clinical and dynamometric assessment and one patient underwent late surgical repair. The operation is described. Dynamometry proved a useful and objective method of estimating the loss of strength and indicating patients who might benefit from surgical repair.

Pectoralis major rupture in athletes

A review of the literature and a case report of rupture of the pectoralis major was made. From this experience we concluded that there is a need for operation in top athletes but in the other patients a satisfactory result can be obtained with conservative treatment.