Pectoral Muscle Research Articles

Melanin-based plumage coloration and melanin content in organs in the barn owl

Although the evolutionary ecology of melanin pigments and melanin-based coloration has been studied in great details, particularly in birds, little is known about the function of melanin stored inside the body. In the barn owl Tyto alba, in which individuals vary in the degree of reddish pheomelanin-based coloration and in the size of black eumelanic feather spots, we measured the concentration in melanin pigments in seven organs. The eyes had by far the most melanin then the skin, pectoral muscle, heart, liver, trachea, and uropygial gland. The concentration in eumelanin was not necessarily correlated with the concentration in pheomelanin suggesting that their production can be regulated independently from each other. Redder barn owls had more pheomelanin in the skin and uropygial gland than white owls, while owls displaying larger black feather spots had more eumelanin in the skin than small-spotted owls. More data are required to evaluate whether melanin-based traits can evolve as an indirect response to selection exerted on melanin deposition in organs.

Determination of some sex hormones in health supplements by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

The trend of using dietary supplements in daily life is increasingly popular. However, sex hormones are illegally mixed to improve product effectiveness such as promoting hair growth, developing chest muscles, preventing skin aging, promoting growth, etc. In this study, a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and applied to quantify sex hormones: progesterone (PG), testosterone (TS), and 17β-estradiol (E2) in health supplements. A Symmetry C18 reversed-phase chromatography column (150 mm x 3.0 mm x 3.5 μm) using a mobile phase system consisting of A: 10 mM HCOONH4/0.1% HCOOH, B: ACN was used.  Mass spectrometry conditions were set at positive ionization mode, precursor ion and two corresponding daughter ions were selected for each analyte. Quantification limits of PG and TS were 0.4 mg/kg and E2 was 4 mg/kg in liquid matrix, hard and soft capsules. The validated method was applied to detect sex hormones in 16 health supplement samples purchased at pharmacies in Hanoi, Vietnam and some online websites. Three samples were detected to be positive for sex hormones, including one sample containing a sex hormone (testosterone) banned from use in health supplements at a low content (about 0.5 mg/kg).

Физико-химические свойства мяса цыплят-бройлеров и влияние на них кормовых добавок «Кумелакт-1» и «Ди-лактоцин-Я»

Purpose. Identification of the impact of new feed additives "Kumelact-1" and "Di-lactocin-Ya" on the physicochemical properties of broiler chicken meat. Materials and Methods. The object of research was broiler chickens and exposure to the feed additives Kumelact-1 and Di-lactocin-Ya. Chimic and biochemical compositions of thoracic muscles of broilers, the content of mineralic substances in thoracic muscles, amino acid and fatty acid co-stars of thoracic muscles were determined by conventional methods according to GOST. Results. Studies have shown the positive effect of the additives “Kumelakt-1” and “Di-lactocin-Ya” on the chemical composition of poultry products. A decrease in fat and an increase in protein in meat has been established. Also, the use of these feed additives increases the content of some essential amino acids in the pectoral muscles of broilers, which can have a positive effect on their growth, as well as on the quality of meat. Conclusion. The use of feed additives “Kumelakt-1” and “Di-lactocin-Ya” not only improves the nutritional characteristics of meat, making it richer in protein and less in fat, but also significantly enriches it with amino acids and minerals. This demonstrates the potential of these additives for use in the poultry industry to create higher value and healthier products, which may be key to the development of innovative approaches in poultry farming.

Influence of Genotype on Meat Quality in Laying Hens after the Egg Production Season

The aim of this study was to compare the quality characteristics of the meat of two genotypes (Lohmann Brown and Lohmann White) of laying hens after the laying period. Studies were conducted on pectoral and leg muscles from 26 females, 13 of each genotype. Breast and leg muscles were evaluated in terms of their basic chemical composition, acidity (pH24), color attributes (L*, a*, b*), electrical conductivity (EC24) and macro- (K, P, Na, Mg, Ca) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr). Analysis of the texture of the pectoral muscle major and rheological properties (sum of viscosity modules and sum of elasticity modules) was also performed. Breast and leg meat were also subjected to sensory evaluation. The genotype of the birds significantly affected the percentage of intramuscular fat in the pectoral muscle and the percentage of protein, fat and water in the leg muscle. When analyzing pectoral and leg muscles for color attributes, we found no significant (p > 0.05) differences between genotypes. Differences were shown, however, between genotypes in EC24 and phosphorus content in leg muscle. Breast muscles differed significantly (p < 0.05) in iron and zinc content. Sensory analysis revealed significant differences between genotypes in leg muscle tenderness and juiciness, and breast muscle juiciness and aroma desirability. When analyzing the breast muscle in terms of texture, we did not observe any significant differences, nor did we find any differences in the assessment of rheological properties. Not depending on genotype, however, we noted significant differences between protein, fat, water and collagen content, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, acidity, color parameters (L*, a*, b*), EC24 and tastiness desirability between breast meat and leg meat. The results of this study showed that meat from old hens obtained after the laying period is a good material for further technological processing, due to its favorable basic chemical composition and high nutritional value expressed in the content of macro- and microelements, and is also characterized by relatively good sensory characteristics, which can be improved by marinating or adding enzymatic preparations during its processing.

Thermographic ranges of dromedary camels during physical exercise: applications for physical health/welfare monitoring and phenotypic selection.

Despite the relatively wide knowledge of camel biomechanics, research into the immediate functional response that accompanies the execution of physical exercise remains unapproached. Therefore, selective breeding programs lack an empirical basis to achieve genetic improvement of physical stress tolerance traits and monitor camel welfare in this regard. Given the fact that physical exercise increases net heat production, infrared thermography (IRT) was selected to study the temperature changes at the skin surface of the different body areas in clinically normal dromedary camels, mostly relegated to leisure activities. Specifically, a lower dispersion at the individual level of the surface temperature at the scapular cartilage region, shoulder joint, and pelvis region, as well as lower values for Tmax and Tmin at the region of the ocular region, pectoral muscles, semimembranosus-semitendinosus muscles, and hind fetlock after exercise, have to be considered as breeding criteria for candidate selection. Such thermophysiological responses can be used as indirect measures of tissue activity in response to exercise and hence are reliable indicators of animal tolerance to physical exercise-induced stress. Additionally, sex, castration, age, and iris pigmentation significantly impacted the thermo-physiological response to exercise in the study sample, which can be attributed to hormones, general vigor, and visual acuity-mediated effects. These specific factors' influence has to be considered for the evaluation of physical performance and the design of selection schemes for physical-related traits in dromedaries.

Treatment of Esophago-Airway Fistula after Esophageal Resection.

(1) Background: Esophago-airway fistula after esophageal resection is a rare, life-threatening complication associated with a high postoperative mortality rate. Managing this condition is challenging, and the prognosis for patients is uncertain. The results and our own approach to treatment are presented. (2) Material and Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of a group of 22 patients treated for an esophago-airway fistula between 2012 and 2022, with 21 cases after esophageal resection and one during the course of Hodgkin's disease. (3) Results: Twenty-two patients were treated for an esophago-airway fistula. Among them, a tracheobronchial fistula occurred in 21 (95.4%) patients during the postoperative period, while 1 (4.5%) was treated for Hodgkin's disease. Of these cases, 17 (70.7%) patients underwent esophageal diversion with various treatments, including intercostal flap in most cases, greater omentum in one (4.5%), latissimus dorsi muscle in two (9%), and greater pectoral muscle in one (4.5%). Esophageal stenting was performed in two patients (9.0%), and one (4.5%) was treated conservatively. Unfortunately, one patient (4.5%) died after being treated with bronchial stenting, and two (9.5%) experienced a recurrence of the fistula. (4) Conclusions: The occurrence of an esophago-airway fistula after esophagectomy is a rare but life-threatening complication with an uncertain prognosis that results in several serious perioperative sequelae.

Imaging findings after a total reconstructed breast with autologous fat transfer: what the radiologist needs to know.

Abstract Autologous fat transfer (AFT) is an upcoming technique for total breast reconstruction. Consequently, radiological imaging of women with an AFT reconstructed breast will increase in the coming years, yet radiological experience and evidence after AFT is limited. The surgical procedure of AFT and follow-up with imaging modalities including mammography (MG), ultrasound (US), and MRI in patients with a total breast reconstruction with AFT are summarized to illustrate the radiological normal and suspicious findings for malignancy. Imaging after a total breast reconstruction with AFT appears to be based mostly on benign imaging findings with an overall low biopsy rate. As higher volumes are injected in this technique, the risk for the onset of fat necrosis increases. Imaging findings most often are related to fat necrosis after AFT. On MG, fat necrosis can mostly be seen as oil cysts. The occurrence of a breast seroma after total breast reconstruction with AFT is an unfavourable outcome and may require special treatment. Fat deposition in the pectoral muscle is a previously unknown, but benign entity. Although fat necrosis is a benign entity, it can mimic breast cancer (recurrence). In symptomatic women after total breast reconstruction with AFT, MG and US can be considered as first diagnostic modalities. Breast MRI can be used as a problem-solving tool during later stage. Future studies should investigate the most optimal follow-up strategy, including different imaging modalities, in patients treated with AFT for total breast reconstruction.

Effects of Selenium Dietary Yeast on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Selenium Deposition in Broiler Chickens.

Selenium (Se) yeast, a bioavailable form of selenium, exhibits enhanced bioavailability due to its unique organic matrix and superior metabolic availability compared to the inorganic selenium sources. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se yeast on the growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity, and Se deposition in broiler chickens. A total of 264 1-day-old male AA broilers (38.7 ± 0.1 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with six replicates of 11 chickens per replicate. The broilers were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg Se yeast. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Although the results showed that Se yeast did not significantly improve the growth performance of broilers, it did significantly decrease the abdominal fat ratio. Additionally, supplementation of Se yeast significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of broilers. The quadratic regression models were used to simulate the relationship between Se content in the feed and Se deposition in broiler tissues. The regression equations were as follows: pectoral muscle, Y = 2.628X - 0.340X2 - 0.592 (R2 = 0.927); leg muscle, Y = 2.317X - 0.272X2 - 0.490 (R2 = 0.937); liver, Y = 3.357X - 0.453X2 - 0.493 (R2 = 0.961); kidney, Y = 4.084X - 0.649X2 + 0.792 (R2 = 0.932). Based on these findings, the Se deposition in broiler tissues can be predicted by the Se content of the additive, which is of great significance for the precise production of Se-enriched functional chicken products.

Comparison of growth performance, meat quality, and blood biochemical indexes of Yangzhou goose under different feeding patterns

The East China region is the main market for the breeding and consumption of meat geese in China, in order to provide data reference for small and medium-sized farms and farmers to choose breeding methods and growth performance. This study selected 300 Yangzhou geese as materials and determined the number of geese in each group according to different modes. The meat quality, blood biochemical indicators, and economic benefits of 4 common feeding methods (Group I: full concentrate feeding; Group II: concentrate feeding in the first stage + 3% fat addition in the later stage; Group III: concentrate feeding + pasture supplementation; Group IV: grazing feeding + concentrate) in East China were analyzed. The results are as follows: The average daily weight gain of Yangzhou geese in Group IV at 5 to 8 wk old was the highest, with the highest feed utilization rate. The body weight at 8 wk old was significantly higher than that of the group III (P < 0.05). The total mortality rate of Group I and II remained at a relatively low level, while the mortality rates of Group III and IV exceeded 17%. The SR, FECR, and FECW of female geese in Groups II, III, and IV were significantly higher than those in Control group I (P < 0.05). Different feeding methods have little effect on the quality of goose breast muscles, while in terms of leg muscles, Group II has the highest binding force, significantly higher than Group I (P < 0.05). The rate of chest muscle loss in group III was significantly higher than that in groups I and II (P < 0.05). However, the pH of leg muscles in groups I, II and III was significantly higher than that in group IV (P < 0.05). Group II has the highest protein and collagen content, and Group I has the highest fat content. Except for the significantly higher histidine content in Groups I And II compared to those in Groups III and IV (P < 0.05), there was almost no significant difference in amino acid content among the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in ALB/GLO content among the 3 groups of Groups II to IV, but they were all significantly higher than those of Group I (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in other indicators among the groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the content of Ca, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, and other elements in the muscles between the groups (P > 0.05). This study solved the problems of slow growth, poor meat performance, and low economic benefits in meat goose breeding, providing theoretical basis and data support for meat goose breeding enterprises and farmers to choose appropriate breeding modes.

Perbandingan parasetamol dan petidin sebagai profilaksis menggigil pada pasien dengan anestesi spinal

Background: Shivering is a frequent complication in patients undergoing surgery under neuraxial anesthesia. Shivering can increase oxygen consumption and lead to hypothermia, so it must be prevented.Objectives: This study aims to determine the difference between intravenous paracetamol and pethidine to prevent shivering after spinal anesthesia.Methods: This research is a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. This research was conducted at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. This research was done in August 2022. The research sample was patients with spinal anesthesia at the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan who met the research criteria. The Modified Crossley and Mahajan Scale (1-4) measured the degree of shivering. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were 34 patients, with 17 patients in the group receiving pethidine and 17 receiving paracetamol. The data that will be collected is analyzed with the bivariate test using the Chi-square test CI 95% to compare categorical variables. Of the 34 patients, 17 patients in the group received pethidine, and 17 patients in the group received paracetamol. Furthermore, both groups were randomized to obtain a balanced group of 17 patients in each group.Results: In this study, the degree of shivering in the paracetamol and pethidine groups did not show a statistically significant difference with the value (p= 0,450). However, the highest degree of shivering was found in the paracetamol group with a score of 2 (significant tremor in the chest muscles), about 17,6%. While in the pethidine group, most scores suffer shivering, the highest score being 1 (intermittent and mild tremors in the jaw and neck muscles).Conclusion: There is no difference in the effect of paracetamol and pethidine as shivering prophylaxis in preventing post-spinal anesthesia shivering.

Chemotherapy with inclusion of doxorubicin, ifosfamide for common malignant glomus tumor of soft tissues of forearm (clinical case and literature review)

Malignant glomus tumor is an extremely rare, aggressive neoplasm, which is contain from modified glomus body’s cells. The correct morphological diagnosis is difficult, and requires careful differential diagnosis between neuroendocrine tumors, pericytic tumors, smooth muscle neoplasms. The literature describes only sporadic clinical observations, a series of cases and the results of a small number of retrospective studies. Due to the rarity of nosology, the optimal treatment strategy for this disease has not been developed. Most cases, surgical treatment is used in a locally common process. Cases of metastasis of a malignant glomus tumor are extremely rare. There is no consensus on the tactics of systemic treatment to date. In this article, we present a clinical case of achieving stabilization of the tumor process after 5 courses of chemotherapy with doxorubicin, ifosfamide in a 49-year-old patient with a malignant glomus tumor of the soft tissues of the left forearm with metastatic lesion of the tissues of the anterior chest wall on the left with spread to the left small pectoral muscle, 3rd rib and pleural cavity, with metastatic lesion lung parenchyma.

Bacterial indicators during storage of slaughter products of turkeys of the meat sector of productivity with the use of the prebiotic drug Aktigen

Poultry breeding is one of the economically profitable branches of Ukraine. Poultry meat is in the greatest demand on the market, because it is affordable and dietary, poultry is easy to grow both on the farm and at home. This is one of the types of branches in agriculture, which in a short period of time is able to provide the population with biologically complete and high-quality products. One of the main questions remains: how to produce high-quality products without the use of prohibited antibiotics, which provoked a number of problems in the already imperfect agriculture. The refore, scientists began to look for an alternative that would replace antibiotics, while at the same time increasing the quality of meat and the resistance of poultry to diseases, increasing the increase in live weight. Therefore, farms began to use biologically active additives (BVD), one of them is Aktigen. The purpose of our research was to determine the effect of the complex prebiotic drug Actigen on the level of bacterial indicators during storage of slaughter products of turkeys of the meat sector of productivity. The object of study was turkeys of the BIG-6 breed. The prebiotic Actigen was added to the basic ration (OR) of turkeys in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg feed. Mixing of prebiotics with compound feed was carried out with a feed mixer at the farm for the production of compound feed. The bird had free access to feed and water during the entire fattening period. Research methods. Microscopic, microbiological (MAFAnM content, pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms; bacterioscopy of swabs-imprints from poultry meat by counting the number of microorganisms per 1 average field of vision according to (DSTU DSTU 8381:2015; DSTU 8381:2015; DSTU ISO 6888–2:2003; GOST 7702.2.7–95), DSTU ENISO 6579-1:2017. Variational and statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using computer software packages “Microsoft Exel”, “Maple-12” (Company Maplesoft, 2008) for variational and statistical processing of digital data. Reliability was determined according to the Student's criterion, taking into account the confidence limit: Р ≤ 0.05; Р ≤ 0.01, Р ≤ 0.001. It was established that when feeding the prebiotic Actigen in the following doses: from the 1st to the 21st day: 0.4; 0.8 and 1 g/kg feed; from the 22nd to the 42nd day: 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 g/kg feed; from the 42nd to the 120th day: 0.2; 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg of feed both in the pectoral muscles and in the femoral muscles of broiler turkeys of the control and experimental groups, MAFAnM indicators did not exceed the permissible level during the four-day storage period. During the storage period of thigh muscles, the indicator of total bacterial contamination gradually increased in all groups and on the fourth day reached the level in the experimental group – (1.73 ± 0.05)×103. The MAFAnM indicator of the thigh muscles of birds of the control group was (1.75 ± 0.11)×103 CFU. The insignificant difference between MAFAnM indicators of the control and experimental groups is not reliable. The level of opportunistic microorganisms, in particular, BGKP and Proteus in the muscles of the femoral group is not reliable between the indicators of the control and experimental groups, and does not exceed the permissible levels regulated by the regulatory documents of Ukraine. When examining the slaughter products of broiler turkeys for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, in particular the genus Salmonella, S. aureus, L. Monocytogenes, Pasteurella ceae, Pasteurella spp., Avibacterium paragalinarum, Bordetella spp., Moraxella spp, Trueperella pyogenes, Erysipelotrix spp., Listeria spp. ., Pseudomonasspp., Enterobacreria ceae, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., yeast and mold were not detected in the muscles and edible offal of broiler turkeys in both control and experimental groups. The prebiotic Actigen used in the diet of broiler turkeys negatively affects the development of the above-mentioned microorganisms both during the life of broiler turkeys and under the conditions of storage of slaughter products during the specified periods. Slaughter products of broiler turkeys, which were fed with the prebiotic “Actigen” in the recommended doses according to indicators of bacterial insemination during the established storage period, can be sold without restrictions.

The Effect of Using a Local Solution of Potassium Iodide and Sodium Chloride on the Microbial Properties and Prolonging the Shelf Life of Frozen Chicken Meat

This study was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of vitrification using sodium chloride salt and potassium iodide at a concentration of 2% on some physical, chemical, bacterial and sensory characteristics of chicken thigh and breast meat and frozen stock for periods of 1, 30 and 60 days. The total number of bacteria in the thigh muscles, where the results of the study recorded that the highest value recorded for the total number of aerobic bacteria (173.35 and 177.25) log/g in each of the thigh and chicken breast samples studied in the control treatment, while the results of the study showed that there was no contamination in the total number of aerobic bacteria in Each of the studied chicken breast and thigh samples treated with a 2% potassium iodide solution and 2% table salt with advanced storage periods. %) The average effect of the treatments recorded the highest two values (104.81 and 97.89) log/mg in each of the control sample and distilled water compared to the meat sample treated with 2% potassium iodide solution and 2% table salt, which did not indicate bacterial contamination in all the studied meat samples. The results of the study recorded the presence of coliform contamination in each of the thigh and chest muscles in the control treatment at different storage stages. Distilled water also recorded significant differences in the values of contamination of coliform bacteria with the progression of storage stages, as it recorded the highest value (40.04 and 32.89) logarithm at the last day of storage compared to On the first day of storage, when the values of the total number of coliform bacteria reached (35.86 and 24.89) logarithms in the thigh and breast sample of the studied chickens, respectively, while no results were recorded for the presence of an indicator of coliform bacteria in the meat samples treated with potassium iodide solutions (2% and table salt 2%) ), the number of coliform bacteria was not detected in chicken breast and thigh meat treated with table salt and potassium iodide.

Endocannabinoid and psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in trained and untrained adults.

This study examined the effects of acute resistance exercise on circulating endocannabinoid (eCB) and mood responses in trained and untrained healthy adults. Thirty-two healthy adults (22.1 ± 2.9 years) were recruited from trained (reporting resistance exercise at least twice per week for ≥ previous three months) and untrained (performing no resistance exercise for ≥ previous three months) groups. Participants (13 male, 19 female) completed three sets of resistance exercise (16 repetitions at 50% 1-repetition max, 12 repetitions at 70% 1-repetition max, 8 repetitions at 80% 1-repetition max). Resistance machines targeted the legs, chest, back, and abdominal muscles. Mood states, affect, and circulating eCB concentrations were evaluated before and after resistance exercise. There were significant decreases in AEA, PEA, and OEA levels following acute resistance exercise (p <0.05; ds = -0.39, -0.48, -0.65, respectively), with no significant group differences or group by time interactions. 2-AG did not change significantly. Positive affect increased significantly following resistance exercise (p = 0.009), while negative affect decreased (p <0.001). Depressive symptoms, anger, confusion, and total mood disturbance decreased significantly (p <0.05), while vigor increased significantly following resistance exercise (p = 0.005). There were no significant group differences or group by time interactions for any psychological outcomes. These results indicate that acute resistance exercise may reduce eCB and related lipid concentrations, which is opposite to the increase in lipids typically observed with acute aerobic exercise. Furthermore, psychological improvements occur after resistance exercise regardless of decreases in eCBs, supporting the notion that psychological changes with exercise likely occur through a wide variety of biological and environmental mechanisms.

Prepectoral versus subpectoral two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction: U.S. medical center experience and narrative review.

With the incorporation of autologous fat grafting, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) products, and nipple-sparing mastectomy, prepectoral device placement has become more popular in selected patients when compared to partial submuscular (dual plane) or complete submuscular device placement. In this article, we aimed to present a review of the current state-of-the-art for implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) using expanders. Additionally, we present a case series of our experience with IBBR evaluating perioperative outcomes, complications, and patient-reported outcomes (PRO). For our series, we retrospectively evaluated adult female patients undergoing 2-stage immediate IBBR after total mastectomy between 2011 and 2021. We performed a systematic search across PubMed MEDLINE for articles evaluating outcomes of prepectoral versus subpectoral two-stage IBBR with expanders published from database inception through February 28th, 2023. Both prepectoral and subpectoral are safe alternatives for two-stage IBBR. Due to current advancements in the field of breast reconstruction, prepectoral IBBR has gained popularity and has a comparable rate of complications compared to a subpectoral approach in selected patients according to high-quality articles. In patients with several comorbidities, current tobacco use, history of preoperative radiation, and limited perfusion of the mastectomy flaps, subpectoral device placement should be given special consideration as a layer of vascularized tissue can decrease the risk of major complications or unplanned procedures. As prepectoral device placement does not require dissection of the pectoral muscles, faster recovery, better implant position, decreased pain, and a shorter time to complete expansion is expected. The plane of reconstruction does not seem to significantly affect the time for expander-to-implant exchange or PRO for quality-of-life (QOL) according to most studies. Prepectoral and subpectoral IBBR demonstrated a comparable rate of complications in selected patients. Nonetheless, perioperative outcomes seem to be improved using a prepectoral approach in terms of reduced pain, reduced time to conclude outpatient expansions, and less animation deformity.

STUDY OF MUSCLE SYSTEM TENSION OF WHEELCHAIR BASKETBALL PLAYERS

The aim of the research is to study the athletic effectiveness of wheelchair basketball players, considering neuromuscular system functional condition, associated with changes in the tension of arm biceps and quadriceps muscles, thigh quadriceps muscle and large pectoral muscles. The use of the myotonometry method to determine the functional capabilities of the athletes’ limb muscles is necessary not only as an addition to the clinical picture, but also as an important stage for assessing sports criteria. The results obtained make it possible to determine muscle local exhaustion and take appropriate measures (change the training regime, prescribe appropriate recovery procedures, etc.), which helps to avoid an ineffective training course.The information content of myotonometry increases with dynamic observations. Special attention should be paid to the description of individual indicators of the muscle tone amplitude as an integrative indicator of the functional state of basketball players neuromuscular system.

A fully automated pipeline for the extraction of pectoralis muscle area from chest computed tomography scans.

Computed tomography (CT)-derived pectoralis muscle area (PMA) measurements are prognostic in people with or at-risk of COPD, but fully automated PMA extraction has yet to be developed. Our objective was to develop and validate a PMA extraction pipeline that can automatically: 1) identify the aortic arch slice; and 2) perform pectoralis segmentation at that slice. CT images from the Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) study were used for pipeline development. Aorta atlases were used to automatically identify the slice containing the aortic arch by group-based registration. A deep learning model was trained to segment the PMA. The pipeline was evaluated in comparison to manual segmentation. An external dataset was used to evaluate generalisability. Model performance was assessed using the Dice-Sorensen coefficient (DSC) and PMA error. In total 90 participants were used for training (age 67.0±9.9 years; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 93±21% predicted; FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) 0.69±0.10; 47 men), and 32 for external testing (age 68.6±7.4 years; FEV1 65±17% predicted; FEV1/FVC 0.50±0.09; 16 men). Compared with manual segmentation, the deep learning model achieved a DSC of 0.94±0.02, 0.94±0.01 and 0.90±0.04 on the true aortic arch slice in the train, validation and external test sets, respectively. Automated aortic arch slice detection obtained distance errors of 1.2±1.3 mm and 1.6±1.5 mm on the train and test data, respectively. Fully automated PMA measurements were not different from manual segmentation (p>0.05). PMA measurements were different between people with and without COPD (p=0.01) and correlated with FEV1 % predicted (p<0.05). A fully automated CT PMA extraction pipeline was developed and validated for use in research and clinical practice.

Quantifying changes in shoulder orientation between the prone and supine positions from magnetic resonance imaging

BackgroundPredicting breast tissue motion using biomechanical models can provide navigational guidance during breast cancer treatment procedures. These models typically do not account for changes in posture between procedures. Difference in shoulder position can alter the shape of the pectoral muscles and breast. A greater understanding of the differences in the shoulder orientation between prone and supine could improve the accuracy of breast biomechanical models. Methods19 landmarks were placed on the sternum, clavicle, scapula, and humerus of the shoulder girdle in prone and supine breast MRIs (N = 10). These landmarks were used in an optimization framework to fit subject-specific skeletal models and compare joint angles of the shoulder girdle between these positions. FindingsThe mean Euclidean distance between joint locations from the fitted skeletal model and the manually identified joint locations was 15.7 mm ± 2.7 mm. Significant differences were observed between prone and supine. Compared to supine position, the shoulder girdle in the prone position had the lateral end of the clavicle in more anterior translation (i.e., scapula more protracted) (P < 0.05), the scapula in more protraction (P < 0.01), the scapula in more upward rotation (associated with humerus elevation) (P < 0.05); and the humerus more elevated (P < 0.05) for both the left and right sides. InterpretationShoulder girdle orientation was found to be different between prone and supine. These differences would affect the shape of multiple pectoral muscles, which would affect breast shape and the accuracy of biomechanical models.

472. The impact of sarcopenia on unfavorable outcomes in lung transplant patients with COVID-19

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in immunocompromised patients has become an important issue owing to the high transmissibility of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Sarcopenia in lung transplant patients is associated with a poor prognosis, and lung transplant patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19. However, the effect of sarcopenia on lung transplant patients with COVID-19 remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sarcopenia on lung transplant patients with COVID-19 and the risk factors for sarcopenia following COVID-19 in lung transplant patients. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant patients with COVID-19. Sarcopenia was defined as being within the lower 25% of the thoracic muscle index based on cross-sectional area measurements of the pectoralis, paraspinal, serratus, and latissimus muscles at the fourth vertebral using computed tomography (CT). Multivariable logistic analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia in lung transplant patients following COVID-19. Results Of the 445 patients receiving follow-up care after lung transplantation, 81 were diagnosed with COVID-19. The median age was 59.0 (interquartile range 48.0–64.0) years, and 55 (67.9%) patients were male. Among patients within three years of lung transplantation, the sarcopenic group had a significantly higher rate of hospitalization (100.0% and 46.9%, P = 0.006) and oxygen demand (63.6% and 18.8%, P = 0.016) than the non-sarcopenic group. Multivariable analysis showed that body mass index before COVID-19 [odds ratio (OR), 0.77; confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.96; P = 0.040] and serum albumin (OR, 0.12; CI, 0.01–0.79; P = 0.047) were associated with sarcopenia after COVID-19.Table 1.Comparing characteristics of lung transplant patients according to pre-COVID-19 sarcopenia statusTable 2.Comparing muscle index and outcome of COVID-19 in lung transplant patients according to pre-COVID-19 sarcopenia status Conclusion Sarcopenia was associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19 in patients within three years of lung transplantation. Low albumin levels and body mass index were identified as risk factors for post-COVID-19 sarcopenia. Assessments and interventions for sarcopenia are needed to improve the prognosis of lung transplant patients with COVID-19. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Research on Pectoral Muscle Segmentation Algorithm of CT Image Based on Deep Learning.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease, which seriously endangers human health and is also one of the important causes of death. The death rate of COPD in China is the highest in the world, and the problem of under-diagnosis of the disease is very serious. The gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD is lung function examination, and clinical studies have shown that CT and other imaging methods can be included in the auxiliary diagnosis of COPD. CT images can be used to assess pectoral muscle area, which is associated with COPD severity. Patients with lower pectoral muscle area often have more severe expiratory airflow obstruction and other problems. Therefore, the key of the research is to accurately segment the pectoral muscle in CT images. The medical image segmentation method based on deep learning can dig out more abundant internal information of data, so it has gradually become the preferred method in the aspect of medical image segmentation. In this paper, a pectoral muscle segmentation algorithm based on U-Net and its variant U-Net++ is proposed, which is of great significance for evaluating the severity of disease in patients with COPD. The network is composed of symmetrical encoders and decoders, which can effectively learn from very little labelled data by using appropriate data enhancement methods, and is therefore very suitable for medical image segmentation. The experimental results on the data set provided by Jiangsu Province Hospital show that the average Dice coefficient of the proposed algorithm is more than 94% and the average accuracy rate is 91%. The algorithm can accurately segment the pectoral muscle in CT images and has good segmentation performance.