Pectinate Setae Research Articles

Ergasilus urupaensis sp. n. (COPEPODA: ERGASILIDAE) das brânquias de Prochilodus nigricans AGASSIZ, 1829 (CHARACIFORMES: PROCHILODONTIDAE) da Amazônia Brasileira

Ergasilus urupaensissp. n. (Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Ergasilidae) é proposta. Os espécimens foram coletados dos filamentos branquiais de Prochilodus nigricansAgassiz, 1829 do Rio Urupá (afluente do rio Jiparaná), Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. A nova espécie tem uma seta forte, curva, pectinada e falciforme no primeiro exopodito, indicando relações com outras cinco espécies amazônicas. Esta espécie difere das outras no formato do cefalossomo, nas ornamentações das pernas, das antenas e por apresentar um tamanho maior.

Feeding Behavior of Rhithrogena pellucida (Ephemeroptera:Heptageniidae)

Larvae of Rhithrogena pellucida (Ephemeroptera:Heptageniidae) were observed feeding in observation flow cells using macroscopic video techniques. The stereotypic feeding behavior is described as cycles delineated by specific movements of the labial palps and consisting of stages of coordinated movement of the entire suite of mandibulate mouthparts. When employing the Labial Brushing Cycle, larvae used the labial palps to brush loosely accreted material from the substrate. When employing the Maxillary Scraping Cycle, larvae used special pectinate setae of the maxillary palps to remove material more tightly bound to the substrate. In both cycles, the legs of the larvae also removed material from the substrate. Larvae did not perform gathering cycles or feed on deposits of detritus. Food processing by successive fields of setae on various mouthparts to the point of ingestion is described in detail. Feeding observations combined with field and laboratory data on gut content and microhabitat distribution sugge...

Penis Sheath Resorption Substance (PSRS) Induced Changes of Setal Type and Distribution in Tubifex tubifex (Müller) (Oligochaeta)

Penis sheath resorption substance (PSRS) found in segment XI of Tubifex tubifex (Müller) during resorption of the reproductive structures caused significant loss of capilliform setae and the probable replacement of pectinate setae by bifurcated setae. The effect of PSRS on setal type and distribution is regarded as secondary, in that the primary effect is the resorption of the penis sheath and perhaps other reproductive structures during reproductively inactive periods.

A comparative account of the larvae of Trichomyia urbica Curtis, Psychodes albipennis Zett., and Phlebotomus argentipes Ann. & Brun. (Diptera: Psychodidae)

From the foregoing brief descriptions it is clear that the larva of Trichomyia urbica stands apart from other psychodid larvae not only in its mode of life, as a wood-borer, but also in its morphology. The regularly cylindrical body, devoid of dorsal plaques and long setae and the densely chitinized head give it a very different appearance from that of other psychodid larvae.The small and heavily chitinized antennae are very different from those found in larvae of Phlebotomus, in which they are 3-segmented; Psychodes, in which they are delicate and dome-like; Sycorax, in which they are long and 4-segmented (Feuerborn, 1933); and Maruina, in which they are formed of small rods (Feuerborn, 1933).The massive toothed mandibles, devoid of sensory processes, differ greatly from those of other genera of psychodids except Phlebotomus. Maruina, Sycorax (see Feuerborn, 1933), and Psychodes all have mandibles with large leaf-like processes and many long plumose or pectinate setae and sensory hairs or processes.The maxillae, in all the three genera examined above, are delicate plates with ill-defined areas representing the maxillary palps, and with many delicate teeth, long setae and sensory processes arising from the body of the maxilla.The lower lip in Trichomyia is very simple and the mentum is hardly distinguishable. In this respect it resembles Psychodes where the mentum is a simple transverse plate, and Maruina (see Feuerborn, 1933) in which it is similar except that the anterior border of the plate is fringed with long setae. In Phlebotomus the mentum is a densely chitinized plate with strong teeth on its anterior margin.The anterior spiracles appear to be much alike in all the genera in which they are present; but in the position of the posterior spiracles Trichomyia, in which they are placed far back on the dorso-lateral region of the last segment, differs from all other genera examined except Phlebotomus, in which they occupy a similar position.Therefore, as regards the shape of the body, nature of the cuticle, absence of long setae and of dorsal plaques, and the structure of the antennae and labrum, the larva of Trichomyia differs from all other psychodid larvae. It shares with the larva of Phlebotomus the possession of strong, simple, toothed, mandibles devoid of long setae and sensory processes. It also resembles Phlebotomus in the poorly defined epipharynx and premandibles on the labrum, and in the position of the posterior spiracles near the middle of the last segment. The weakly developed mentum of Trichomyia larvae, however, differs greatly from that of Phlebotomus larvae in which the mentum is very strongly developed as a toothed plate.

On the Formosan Chicken Mit, <i>Neoschöngastia gallinarum</i> (Hatori, 1920)

Since Dr. Hatori (1920) discovered the Formosan chicken mite (Trombicula gallinarum) from the chicken, kingfisher, goatsucker and raven, the present author observed the species from several chickens and sparrows too.The species have five setae on the scutum in addition to the pseudostigmatic organs which are strongly capitate and each chelicera bears but a single dorsal tooth near the apex, and the palpal claws are trifurcate. Therefore, the present author believes the species belongs to the genus Neoschöngastia Ewing, 1929.Neoschöngastia gallinarum (Hatori, 1920).syn. Trombicula gallinarum Hatori, 1920.Body oval; striations prominent, slightly crenulated; pitting on scutum, epistome, hypostom, legs and palpi. Fangs of chelicerae stout, sharply pointed; dorso-apical tooth minute, very sherp, directed backwards, ventral tooth absent; maxillary setae plain. Palpi rounded; first and second palpal setae with a few barbs; on fourth segment three setae with a few barbs, appendiculum with four pectinate setae; palpal claw trifurcat. Scutum broader than long (mean L 39 μ; W 70 μ; pseudostigmata 39 μ apart), trapezoidal, anterior and lateral margins convex, posterior margin rather sharply concave in centre, corners somewhat angular anteriorly, rounded posteriorly; scutal setae five in number, strongly pectinate, anterior pair the longest, median anterior the shortest. Pseudostig-mata forward to mid-line betweeen scutal setae, small; pseudostig-matic organs capitate, flask-shaped, the stem moderately long, the enlarged head clothed in minute setules; ocular shield placed its own close to scutum, level with the pseudostigmata, anterior eye the larger. Body setae stout, strongly pilose to pectinate, eighty-four to eighty-six in number; on dorsum forty-four, arranged ap-proximately in row as follows: 12:8:8:6:8:2; on venter the anterior setae shorter and more strongly pectinate than the posterior. Fore-leg, mean L 256 μ; leg setae mainly pectinate or plumose, coxal setae single, strongly pectinate or plumose. Length 0.245 (unengorged) to 0.324 mm. (engorged); width 0.152 (unen-gorged) to 0.245 mm. (engorged).Type host: Gallus gallus domesticus Briss. Localities: Formosa Hayashidamura, Horin, Yoshinomura, Karenko, Taito, Dakusui, Sozan, Chohokuto, Robai, Hokuto, Shirin, Taihoku, Shinten, Tai-heirin, Sekitei, Mokusaku, Seifuku, Shinchiku, Simpo, Kansai.). Type and nineteen paratypes in Taihoku Imperial University Mu-seum, Taihoku. Taiwan (Formosa).Described from numerous specimens from the skin under the wings of the type host. Also found on Passer montanus tivanensis HARTERT, Taihoku, 4. iii. 26 (by the writer), Caprimulgus affinis monticola FRANKLIN, Corvus coronoides colonorum SWINHOE (Corvus macrorhynchus SEEBOHM of Dr. Hatori), Alcedo atthis japonica Bo-NAPARTE and Centropus bengalensis lignator SWINHOE (Centropus javanicus DUMONT of Dr. Hatori) (by Dr. J. Hatori).