Pearson-r Correlation Research Articles

Perceived Service Quality towards Repetitive Visit among Dot Accredited Agri-Tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Quality Service Strategic Plan

The study assessed the service quality provided by the six DOT accredited Agri-tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija. This study is anchored from the SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman et al., 1988), which categorizes service quality into five distinct dimensions: Responsiveness, Tangibles, Reliability, Assurance, and Empathy. The researchers used Likert-scale type questionnaires and analyzed the data through statistical data treatment such as frequency and percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson-R Correlation. The study used a quantitative descriptive correlational research design. This will benefit specifically the Agri-tourism farm sites in Nueva Ecija in improving the quality of service that they will provide, which will likely result in higher intention to visit for visitors to return. The result of this study shows that the service quality of Agri-tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija in terms of responsiveness, tangibles, reliability, assurance, and empathy was verbally interpreted as strongly agree and with a verbal description of highly satisfied. The study revealed that there is significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of respondents (generation, occupation, purpose of visit, and services availed) and the service quality of the Agri-tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija in terms of responsiveness, tangibles, reliability, assurance and empathy. On the other hand, there is also significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of respondents (generation, occupation, type of tourist, and purpose of visit) and their repetitive visit intention in Agri- tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija in terms of satisfaction and loyalty. Additionally, there is significant relationship between the service quality and repetitive visit intention to Agri-tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija. Moreover, the output of this study will provide quality service strategic plan to improve the quality service to be used by the management of six DOT accredited Agri-tourism Farm Sites in Nueva Ecija.

Supervision of Instruction: Teachers and School Heads’ Perspective

The research focused on discovering the tactics used by school heads and the challenges faced when overseeing teaching in selected public secondary schools in Puerto Princesa City Division. The research utilized descriptive, correlation methods. The study included 139 participants, with 124 being teachers and 15 being school heads from the 15 public secondary schools in Puerto Princesa City Division. The researcher collected data from a survey questionnaire they created, the School Improvement Plan (SIP), The data was analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, weighted mean, ranking, Pearson-r correlation, and t-test methods. The results showed that the school heads’ supervisory strategies focused on enhancing instruction. They informed the teachers about the professional development opportunities that are available to them in certain areas. They frequently conducted their instructional supervision. The most popular functions were giving teachers feedback through performance assessment and evaluation that was constructive and accurate. The mentoring abilities of the school heads, along with the passive and uncooperative behavior of teachers, hindered their ability to supervise instruction effectively. The school heads’ instructional supervisory strategies were influenced by the frequency of instructional supervision provided to teachers, as they focused on developing, adopting, and implementing programs for instructional improvement, learning assessment, and teacher improvement. The research suggests that during mentorship sessions, school administrators should provide teachers with advice, specifically focusing on teaching techniques and the discovery and use of educational materials; Within the school improvement initiative, it is critical for school heads to establish or modify a program based on research. School administrators need to collaborate with expert teachers to evaluate and improve the curriculum in order to address the unique requirements of the community.

Appealing Classroom Organization and Building Community Teaching of Teachers in Public Elementary Schools

This study examined the relationship between appealing classroom organization and building community teaching among public elementary school teachers in Manay District, Davao Oriental, Philippines. A non-experimental quantitative research design using a correlational method was employed. A total of 135 teachers were surveyed using universal sampling. Data were analyzed using mean, Pearson-r correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that teachers often manifested appealing classroom organization in terms of vision, sensitivity, needs, and risk-taking. However, they sometimes demonstrated building community teaching practices such as supportive, instructive, preventive, and responsive approaches. A significant positive correlation was found between appealing classroom organization and building community teaching. Furthermore, the domains of appealing classroom organization significantly influenced building community teaching practices. Based on these findings, it is recommended that public school teachers participate in DepEd-sponsored conferences and trainings to enhance their professional capabilities. This can contribute to improved teaching practices, better support for learners, and ultimately, higher academic achievement.

The correlation between service quality, students’ satisfaction, and board exam performance

The study examines how service quality and students’ satisfaction affect the performance of graduates in the Licensure Examination conducted by the Philippine Regulation Commission, scrutinizes the quality of service, and assesses the level of satisfaction of the graduates with the rendered services. The researchers made use of a descriptive-correlational, adopted-modified, and validated survey questionnaire as tools of the study. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson-r correlation, and mean analysis were used as the statistical procedures of the study. Results showed that the perceptions of the graduates in the quality of service of the University that falls in the dimension of tangibility and responsiveness have a positive correlation with their performance in LET. Likewise, the satisfaction of the graduates with the quality of service in the dimension of reliability, responsiveness, and empathy has a positive correlation to the latter. Further study in another discipline is recommended as the study is limited only to science major graduates. Keywords: Board exam performance; let performance; service quality; students’ satisfaction

Engagement-Based Teaching Approach and Students’ Fundamental Skills: An Explanatory Sequential Approach

This study explored the significant relationship between engagement-based teaching approach and fundamental skills of students. In this study, the researcher selected the 155 senior high school students in Asuncion District in Davao del Norte as the respondents of the study in quantitatitive phase, while 10 students were selected for IDI and FGD on qualitative phase. A mixed method research design using explanatory sequential approach was employed. The data collected were subjected to the following statistical tools: Mean and Pearson-r Correlation Analysis. Findings revealed that engagement-based teaching approach and fundamental skills of students were rated as extensive. Evidently, correlation analysis proved that there is a significant relationship between engagement-based teaching approach and fundamental skills of students. Thematic analysis confirmed the extensive rating on engagement- based teaching approach was due to technology integration and diverse learners, while the extensive rating on fundamental skills of students was due to previous educational encounters, limited participation in classroom activities, and distractions. Thematic analysis showed that clearly defined objectives, flexibility and choice, and emotional connections, confirmed the significant relationship between engagement-based teaching approach and fundamental skills of students.

Exploring the Relationship between Home Economics Competencies and Financial Literacy among High School Learners

This study examined the relationship between Home Economics Competencies and Financial Literacy among high school learners, focusing on Grade 7 learners at Davao City National High School. Employing a descriptive correlational research design, the research utilized a survey method to collect data, with the sample selected through simple quota sampling. The survey measured learners ' competencies in various aspects of Home Economics, including practical skill application, integration of theoretical knowledge with practical execution, and adaptability to changing household dynamics, alongside their understanding and management of financial literacy. Statistical analysis of the data involved calculating mean scores, Pearson-r correlation, and conducting regression analysis. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between Home Economics competencies and financial literacy (R: 0.59, p<0.05). Regression analysis further demonstrated the impact of specific components of Home Economics education on financial literacy levels. These results suggest that proficiency in Home Economics is closely linked to financial literacy, indicating that comprehensive education in Home Economics could enhance learners ' financial understanding and capabilities. The study highlights the importance of integrating Home Economics and financial education to equip learners with essential life skills for their future.

PROFICIENCY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 7 LEARNERS IN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

The purpose of this study is to analyze the English as a Second Language (ESL) proficiency and academic performance of Grade 7 students at Monico Rarama National High School in San Pedro, Roxas, Isabela. In this study, a descriptive correlational method was used to examine the relationships between ESL proficiency levels, academic performance, ESL learning activities, and literacy challenges. Data were collected from 81 Grade 7 learners through structured questionnaires. Frequency count and percentage distribution, weighted mean, and Pearson-r correlation were used to analyze the data. Results show that students demonstrated proficiency in listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing skills, with varying levels of academic performance. Academic performance was not significantly correlated with diverse ESL learning activities, while it was significantly correlated with proficiency levels across communication skills. Further, the respondents stated that they had trouble completing ESL literacy tasks which served as a challenge among them. Thus, it is recommended intervention programs and personalized approaches should be implemented to address these challenges. Implementing these recommendations can lead to improved learning outcomes and overall proficiency in English among Grade 7 ESL learners. Further, educators, policymakers, and curriculum developers can use the findings to optimize ESL learning strategies and support student success.

Delayed cerebrovascular reactivity in individuals with spinal cord injury in the right inferior parietal lobe: a breath-hold functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) reflects the ability of blood vessels to dilate or constrict in response to a vasoactive stimulus, and allows researchers to assess the brain's vascular health. Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are at an increased risk for autonomic dysfunction in addition to cognitive impairments, which have been linked to a decline in CVR; however, there is currently a lack of brain-imaging studies that investigate how CVR is altered after SCI. In this study, we used a breath-holding hypercapnic stimulus and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate CVR alterations in individuals with SCI (n = 20, 14M, 6F, mean age = 46.3 ± 10.2 years) as compared to age- and sex-matched able-bodied (AB) controls (n = 25, 19M, 6F, mean age = 43.2 ± 12.28 years). CVR was evaluated by its amplitude and delay components separately by using principal component analysis and cross-correlation analysis, respectively. We observed significantly delayed CVR in the right inferior parietal lobe in individuals with SCI compared to AB controls (linear mixed-effects model, fixed-effects estimate = 6.565, Satterthwaite's t-test, t = 2.663, p = 0.008), while the amplitude of CVR was not significantly different. The average CVR delay in the SCI group in the right inferior parietal lobe was 14.21 s (sd: 6.60 s), and for the AB group, the average delay in the right inferior parietal lobe was 7.08 s (sd: 7.39 s). CVR delays were also associated with the duration since injury in individuals with SCI, in which a longer duration since injury was associated with a shortened delay in CVR in the right inferior parietal region (Pearson's r-correlation, r = -0.59, p = 0.04). This study shows that fNIRS can be used to quantify changes in CVR in individuals with SCI, and may be further used in rehabilitative settings to monitor the cerebrovascular health of individuals with SCI.

Exploring the Correlation between English Proficiency and Reading Comprehension among Elementary Learners in the Philippines

This descriptive-correlational study aimed to determine the relationship between the English proficiency and reading comprehension of the Grade 6 learners at an elementary school in the province of Davao Occidental. Specifically, it aimed to determine the level of English proficiency of the respondents in terms of grammar and vocabulary and their level of reading comprehension. With the use of complete enumeration, there were 20 Grade 6 learners selected as respondents of the study. A validated questionnaire was used to assess the level of students’ English proficiency and the level of students’ reading. The data were analyzed using mean and Pearson-r correlation analysis. Results revealed that the level of English proficiency of the respondents is proficient. This implies that the learners show great understanding and application of the English language. Also, the level of reading comprehension of the respondents is described as high, indicating that they have strong understanding and reading comprehension abilities. Further, the result revealed that there is no significant relationship between the English proficiency and reading comprehension of the Grade 6 learners. It is recommended that further studies on other factors that affect the reading comprehension of elementary learners should be conducted.

CONTEXTUAL CORRELATES OF A SUSTAINABLE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT IN ROXAS, ISABELA, PHILIPPINES

The study investigates the contextual correlates of sustainable practices at Anao-Kiling Elementary School, emphasizing human values as dominant factors in environmental stewardship. Specifically, this study aims to assess the level of environmental awareness, identify environmental issues, explore practiced behaviors, and examine challenges faced by students. Using a descriptive-normative research design, data was collected from 36 Grade 6 pupils through structured questionnaires. Frequency count and percentage distribution, weighted mean, Pearson-r correlation, and Chi-Square test were used to analyze the data. Results show that most respondents had access to smartphones, indicating a certain level of economic stability. Environmental care programs were implemented in many schools, and pollution and overpopulation were considered moderately serious issues. Both technology-based and non-technology-based activities showed a slightly aware level of environmental awareness. The findings also revealed that the respondents demonstrated practiced behaviors and exhibited human values like respect and honesty. Challenges faced included miscommunication about waste segregation policies and a lack of enthusiasm for clean-up activities. The statistical analysis indicated no significant correlation between environmental issues and human values, nor between environmental awareness and confronting environmental problems. Moreover, socioeconomic factors do not relate to the level of environmental care practices. To foster sustainable behaviors among students, regardless of socioeconomic status, it is essential to integrate environmental values and practices into school curricula. It is recommended that schools prioritize environmental education and enhance communication regarding waste segregation policies to promote a culture of environmental stewardship.

유아 기질과 가족기능이 유아 놀이행동에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate how temperament and family functioning affect the play behavior of preschool children.
 Methods The study participants included a total of 238 mothers of young children from U-city. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program, including Pearson's r-correlation and stepwise regression analyses.
 Results Results showed a positive correlation between kindergarten children's social play behavior, temperament (sociability and activity), and family functioning (adaptability and cohesion). Furthermore, negative correlations were found between kindergarten children's independent play behavior, temperament (activity), and family functioning (cohesion). Additionally, negative correlations were identified between preschool children's non-play behavior, temperament (sociability and activity), and family functioning (adaptability and cohesion). In terms of prediction, preschool children's social play was predicted by temperament sociability and solidarity. Non-play was predicted by temperament sociability, and then independent play was predicted by temperament activity..
 Conclusions Socialization of preschool children is influenced by individual and social variables, suggesting that environmental changes and individual interventions are needed to promote infant socialization. Furthermore, we conclude that independent play and non-play are influenced by individual variables and require further research.

Enhancing student’s conceptual understanding on the patterns of Mendelian genetics through task-based learning

Mendelian genetics are essential for students seeking to comprehend the complexities of inheritance; although fundamental, these biology concepts are difficult for students to understand. This study examined the effectiveness of task-based learning (TBL) in enhancing the students' conceptual understanding of the Patterns of Mendelian Genetics. A pretest and posttest quasi-experimental research design involved an experimental and a control group. An Intrinsic Motivation Inventory questionnaire was utilized to assess the level of intrinsic motivation for task evaluation for the experimental group. Paired t-test was used to compare the pretest and post-test results. Before the intervention, both groups had a low conceptual understanding of the topic. At the end of the intervention, both groups had significantly increased their performances from pretest to posttest scores. The study revealed that TBL is more effective than Traditional Lecture-Based Instruction (TLI), as seen in their enhanced student performance, implying the effectiveness of the TBL as an innovative instructional approach. Participants from the experimental group expressed enjoyment, competence, and ownership of their task activities, and they did not feel nervous and anxious about doing the tasks. Pearson r-correlation was used to establish a relationship among the variables. Perceived choice, pressure/tension, and student performance in the experimental group have low positive correlations, and perceived choice, interest/enjoyment, and performance have a negligible correlation. This approach is highly commendable for biology instruction. By illuminating the effectiveness of active learning in improving student’s conceptual understanding, this study bridges the gap between theoretical-practical gap in genetics via active learning effectiveness.

Autonomous Learning Process and English Language Autonomy among Grade 10 Learners in Camp Vicente Lim Integrated School

The main thrust of this study was to determine the level of manifestation of autonomous learning process in relation to the level of English language autonomy of Grade 10 learners in Camp Vicente Lim Integrated School and to be assured that autonomous learning process and language autonomy is successfully implemented and developed most especially among the public school. The action plan for implementing autonomous learning process and improving the level of language autonomy was the output of the study.This study followed the descriptive-correlational method design. Through simple random sampling, the respondents were the 250 Grade 10 learners randomly picked from different sections. Validated researcher-made survey instruments were used for gathering of data. Using four-point Likert Scale and the simple mean, and Pearson-r correlation coefficient, findings revealed that autonomous learning process was highly manifested among Grade 10 learners and the learners’ level of language autonomy was also highly manifested. As regards the relationship between the manifestation of autonomous learning process and language autonomy, the result indicated a significant relationship.

Examining the Relationship Between Demographic Profile, Level of Preparedness, and Competencies among Senior High School TVL First Batch Graduates of Selected Public Schools of the Division of Puerto Princesa

This study described the demographic profile, level of preparedness, level of competencies and the problems encountered by the first-batch graduates of the Technical Vocational-Livelihood Track students during SY 2016-2017 from the selected public senior high schools in Puerto Princesa City. Frequency, percentage, weighted mean, analysis of variance, and Pearson-r correlation were employed to analyze the data collected. Analyzed data revealed that majority of the respondents are 24 years old, male, single, and SHS TVL Strand Electrical Installation and Maintenance graduates. Most respondents were graduates with a Bachelor of Science in Criminology and working in private sectors on a contractual basis, earning a monthly income of PHP 9,999.00 and below. Additionally, SHS TVL first batch graduates are always prepared in the majority of indicators of Tertiary education, Middle-level skills development except for Entrepreneurship, and Employment with “somewhat prepared” as the result. In line with the level of competence, the graduates are entirely competent in the majority of indicators of Learning and Innovation Skills, Communication Skills, and Information, Media and Technology Skills except for Life and Career Skills which is Fairly Competent. The SHSTVL first-batch graduates agree that the SHS Program was effectively implemented, has helped graduates acquire the competencies expected of them to learn. Results further revealed that there is no significant difference between the age, sex, civil status and SHS TVL strand and the level of preparedness of the SHS TVL first-batch graduates and between the age, sex, civil status and SHS TVL strand and the level of preparedness of the SHS TVL first-batch graduates. However, there is a significant difference between the level of preparedness of the SHS TVL first-batch graduates and their degree, work and monthly income, albeit no significant relationship between the level of preparedness and level of competencies of SHS TVL first-batch graduates and their age, sex, civil status, SHS TVL strand, degree, work, and monthly income. Among the identified solutions include strengthening of DepEd”s Work Immersion Program of Senior High School and establishing solid partnership with companies and agencies where the SHS graduates can be accommodated for employment.

We Cannot Give, What We Don’t Have: Tourist’s Satisfaction and Behavioral Intentions in Agri-Tourism Farm Site in Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The tourism and hospitality industry plays a crucial role in attracting tourists to destinations and bolstering the country’s economy. This study evaluated the tourist satisfaction at Lake Farm Dela Marre in Pantabangan, Nueva Ecija. The assessment draws on the framework presented in Cariño et al.’s (2019) study, “Nature-Based Tourists’ Experience in Batangas Destinations,” focusing on responsiveness, tangibles, pricing, communication, assurance, empathy, and natural resources. Furthermore, the dimensions for assessing tourists’ behavioral intentions are adapted from Borbon et al.’s (2022) research, “Tourist Behavioral Intention in Visiting Tourist Attractions in Batangas Province,” which include willingness to pay more, revisit intention, intention to recommend, and loyalty. The research illuminates the connection between tourist satisfaction and behavioral intentions related to willingness to pay more, revisit intention, intention to recommend, and loyalty, contributing valuable insights to the Agri-tourism sector’s development in Nueva Ecija. The researchers employed Likert-scale questionnaires and conducted statistical analysis including frequency and percentage, weighted mean, t-tests, and Pearson-R correlation. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive research design. The findings of the study are crucial for shaping the framework of tourists’ behavioral intentions. The results indicate that tourists’ satisfaction with Lake Farm Dela Marre in terms of responsiveness, tangibles, price, communication, assurance, empathy, and natural resources was consistently rated as “Strongly Agree,” with a qualitative description of being highly satisfied. The study found no significant differences in satisfaction based on socio-demographic profiles such as sex and type of tourist. Similarly, there was no significant relationship between the number of visits and satisfaction across these dimensions at Lake Farm Dela Marre. Furthermore, the study concluded that there was no significant relationship between tourists’ behavioral intentions and their satisfaction at Lake Farm Dela Marre, leading to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. The study also provided an action plan aimed at enhancing tourists’ satisfaction for the management of Lake Farm Dela Marre in Nueva Ecija.

Language Learning Strategies and Motivation As Determinants of the English Academic Performance of Grade 10 Students

The academic performance in English is essential to students' overall learning outcomes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between language learning strategies, motivation, and English academic performance among Grade 10 students. A descriptive-correlational design was employed, and participants were selected through stratified random sampling from three schools in Tagum City. The mean was used to describe the students' level. The statistical tools used included the mean, standard deviation, and Pearson-r correlation coefficient. The study found that Grade 10 students exhibited a high level of language learning strategies, suggesting that these strategies helped students become more effective learners and fostered more efficient development of their mastery of the target language. Additionally, students demonstrated a high level of motivation, indicating frequent motivation in learning. The study also revealed a satisfactory level of English academic performance, suggesting that there are still areas needing improvement. Furthermore, the two independent variables were significantly correlated with the English academic performance of Grade 10 students.

What You See is What You Get: Sustainable Tourism Practices and Behavioral Intention in Ecotourism of Bongabon, Nueva Ecija, Philippines

The study aimed to assess the sustainable tourism practices and behavioral intention among tourists in Camp Paraiso Hotel and Resort in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. This study used the three dimensions of sustainable development by the Food and Agriculture Organization (2023) such as economic aspect, social aspect and environmental aspect. The behavioral intention variable was patterned after the study of Borbon et. al 2022 entitled “Tourist Behavioral Intention in Visiting Tourist Attraction in Batangas Province” which includes willingness to pay more, intention to recommend, revisit intention and loyalty.The researchers employed convenience sampling, involving 80 respondents who were tourists at Camp Paraiso in Bongabon, Nueva Ecija. The study utilized Likert-scale questionnaires and applied statistical treatments such as ranking, frequency and percentage analysis, weighted mean calculation, t-tests, and Pearson-R correlation for data analysis. This study adopted a quantitative descriptive correlational research approach. The majority of the respondents were male, and most tourists were from within Nueva Ecija, with many visiting Camp Paraiso only once or twice. The findings indicate that tourists strongly agree the sustainable practices at Camp Paraiso, suggesting high adherence to sustainability which include economic aspect (3.51), social aspect (3.52) and environmental aspect (3.55). While the study found areas for improvement in sustainable practices and overall sustainable tourism development, enhancing indicators that received strong agreement from tourists is recommended. Analysis of demographic profiles revealed no significant differences in perceptions of sustainability aspects (economic, social, environmental) based on sex. Similarly, there were no significant differences between types of tourists concerning economic aspect and environmental aspects, but there was a notable difference in the social aspect. Age and frequency of visits did not significantly correlate with tourists’ assessment of sustainable practices. Overall, the study concluded a significant relationship between Camp Paraiso’s sustainable practices in terms of economic, social and environmental (r value = 0.00001), and tourists’ behavioral intentions. The researchers proposed an action plan to enhance sustainable tourism practices specifically at Camp Paraiso.

Development and Initial Validation of the Pain Progress Measure

Introduction. Current numerical rating scales for pain mostly measure symptom intensity. There is a need to develop outcome measures reflecting the multifaceted nature of pain. The purpose of this study is to describe the development and validation of the Pain Progress Measure (PPM), which is an outcome measure intended to capture the holistic nature of pain. Methods. The author developed 15 pain assessment items related to the biopsychosocial theory of pain. For content validity, 14 expert panelists were purposely selected to assess items as either essential, or useful but not essential, and not essential. The number of essential items was then taken to get the content validity ratio (CVR). Internal consistency reliability was established through Cronbach's alpha. Results. The mean content validity ratio (CVR= 0.69) was above the critical value of 0.57 and therefore showed that the PPM has good content validity. There were 10 items shown with good CVR, but 5 items did not reach the critical values. Cronbach's alpha shows a coefficient of 0.883, demonstrating good reliability. Pearson-R correlation of 0.94 demonstrates excellent inter-rater reliability. Discussion. Pain Progress Measure (PPM) items below CVR critical value were removed to create the shortened version of the PPM. The shortened version without items below CVR critical value showed a higher mean CVR. Initial validation and reliability testing of the Pain Progress Measure has shown its capabilities to holistically quantify the pain of patients undergoing physical rehabilitation interventions. However, further research is recommended to expand on other psychometric properties such as concurrent validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and test-retest reliability.

Compliance with the Code of Conduct and Teaching Performance

The main purpose of this study was to determine the compliance with the code of conduct and teaching performance of 347 public elementary teachers of 6th Congressional District of Negros Occidental using stratified random sampling. The descriptive research design was used. The modified survey questionnaire adapted from the study of Jongue (2010) and approved Individual Performance Commitment and Review Form (IPCRF) for S.Y. 2015-2016 was utilized to get the needed data. The data collected was analyzed using frequency and percentages, mode and Pearson-r correlation coefficient. Moreover, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with 10 participants was utilized to enrich and supplement the results of the study. Results revealed that in terms of profile, majority of the participants were female, ages 31-40 and 11-20 years in length of service. For the teaching position, majority of the participants were Teacher 1 and Bachelor degree holders. For school location, majority of the participants were in the municipality. Furthermore, findings showed that the extent of the compliance with the code of conduct of the participants was “Always” and their overall teaching performance was very satisfactory. The study found significant differences in the variables and grouped according to the code of conduct. Finally, there were significant relationships found in various components of code of conduct and teaching performance. Recommendations on the findings for the capacity build-up of the participants in complying the code of conduct and teaching performance were given. Lastly, a Teachers Development Program (TDP) was proposed.

Optimization of the Pedagogical Process in Teaching Chemistry to First-Year Students of the Ural State Medical University

The purpose of research is to determine directions for optimizing the educational process with the introduction of new methodological approaches. For this purpose, the paper set the tasks to analyze the current methodological aspects of the component of the pedagogical process of teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of the Ural State Medical University (USMU, Yekaterinburg); asess the impact of new methodological approaches in teaching on the performance of students. The discipline “Chemistry” is studied in the first semester, classroom hours for the discipline include lectures (32 hours), practical exercises and laboratory work (34 hours), which are conducted at the department of general chemistry of USMU.Materials and methods. The methodology for teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of USMU (Ekaterinburg) is analyzed. The largest faculty was selected for the study. Over the course of 10 years, during the period of Federal State Educational Standard-3, the number of students at this faculty increased from two streams in the 2012-2013 academic year (300 people) up to four streams in the 2022-2023 academic year (700 people). Attestation in the discipline takes place in the form of a written test with an assessment (exam). Statistical processing of data on exam results and rating scores in the semester was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2019 program. The obtained indexes are presented as arithmetic mean values and standard error of the mean (M±m).Results. Pearson's r-correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the linear relationship of variables: the percentage of correct answers in the exam ticket, the final student rating in the semester, the exam rating, the certification grade. To test the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the chosen teaching methodology, Pearson's test of agreement (χ2 ) was calculated for the sample size of students (n ≥ 100). The pedagogical process carried out in teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty is a complex system that includes target, content, activity, performance, resource components. The activity component of the organization of the pedagogical process was modified as follows: a new form of the examination card was developed, as close as possible to the form of control materials for the unified state exam in chemistry, the structure of the practical lesson was rationalized, and a new laboratory workshop was created and tested. The results of the exam in chemistry were analyzed using Pearson's goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of p<0, 05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group. ><0,05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group.Conclusion. When using an optimized laboratory practice in chemistry, the most rational form of the lesson is chosen, in which laboratory experiments are included. Comprehensive planning of such classes is carried out differently. The didactic tasks of the lesson are subordinated to highlighting what is essential in the content of the educational material. The presence of an optimized workshop significantly contributes to the choice of the most effective methods and forms of training for a given lesson, leading to an increase in student performance. It is shown that the updated form of the laboratory workshop in chemistry, along with the rationalization of the structure of the lesson and the form of the exam make it possible to achieve maximum learning outcomes with a limited time interval for classroom work. The new form of the examination card, along with the modernized practicum, contributed to the high marks in the exam. It is shown that a properly organized form of passing the exam allows you to adjust the progress of each student and set an objective assessment in chemistry.