Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

Hubungan antara Gratitude dengan Subjective Well-being Guru Honorer Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB) di Kecamatan Koto Tangah Kota Padang

This study aims to explore the connection between gratitude and subjective well-being among honorary special school teachers in Koto Tangah District, Padang City. Special education plays a crucial role in supporting the development of children with special needs, where special school teachers significantly contribute to their educational progress. Many challenges faced by honorary teachers, including an income that does not align with their workload, often lead to stress and fatigue, affecting their subjective well-being. Gratitude is one factor that may positively influence subjective well-being. The study employs a quantitative approach with a correlational design, using a sample of 50 honorary teachers selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale and analyzed with the Pearson product-moment correlation test. The findings indicate that: a) the average level of gratitude among honorary special school teachers falls within the low category (42%), followed by moderate (40%) and high categories (18%); b) the average level of subjective well-being among honorary special school teachers is also low (62%), followed by moderate (34%) and high (4%); and c) the correlation analysis shows a Pearson coefficient of 0.740 with a significance level of 0.000 < 0.05, demonstrating a positive and significant relationship between gratitude and subjective well-being. The results suggest that a higher level of gratitude correlates with higher subjective well-being among teachers.

Relationships Among eHealth Literacy, Physical Literacy, and Physical Activity in Chinese University Students: Cross-Sectional Study.

eHealth literacy is critical for evaluating abilities in locating, accessing, and applying digital health information to enhance one's understanding, skills, and attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle. Prior research indicates that enhancing eHealth literacy can improve health behaviors such as physical activity (PA). Physical literacy (PL) refers to the ability to develop sustainable PA habits, taking into account various aspects of an individual. Notably, university students have shown a decline in PA and possess low PL levels. However, the connection between eHealth literacy and PL in this demographic has not been extensively studied, and it remains uncertain whether PA acts as a mediator between eHealth literacy and PL. This study examines the extent to which PA mediates the link between eHealth literacy and PL in Chinese university students and explores gender differences in these variables. In February 2022, a cross-sectional survey was administered to 1210 students across 3 universities in China. The instruments used were the Perceived PL Instrument, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Chinese version of the eHealth Literacy Scale. Correlations between eHealth literacy, PA, and PL were analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple linear regression, while mediation models helped elucidate the interactions among the 3 variables. The response rate for the study was 92.9% (1124/1210). In the mediation analysis, eHealth literacy showed a significant direct effect on PL, with a coefficient of 0.78 (β .75, SE 0.02; P<.001). Moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) accounted for 2.16% of the total effect, suggesting that MVPA partially mediates the relationship between eHealth literacy and PL. Additionally, male students outperformed female students in terms of MVPA (t636=4.94; P<.001) and PL (t636=3.18; P<.001), but no significant differences were found in eHealth literacy (t636=1.23; P=.22). The findings indicate that MVPA serves as a mediator in the link between eHealth literacy and PL among university students. Students with low eHealth literacy or limited PA are less likely to be physically literate. Thus, eHealth literacy plays a crucial role in enhancing PL and PA, especially when interventions targeting PL are implemented. Our results also suggest a need for targeted health education interventions aimed at improving MVPA and PL among female students, while also recognizing that eHealth literacy is comparable across genders at universities.

Impact of Salary and Recognition on Job Performance: A study of Nangarhar University Lecturers, Afghanistan

Organizations seek to gain a competitive advantage by applying different strategies in today’s competitive environment. Due to intense competitive pressure, organizations attempt to gain a competitive advantage using employee skills, abilities, and expertise. Organizations offer different kinds of incentives, like salary and recognition, to ensure proper utilization and increase employee performance. Satisfied employees become more dedicated, committed, and loyal to organizations than other employees without a proper incentive system. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of salary and recognition on the job performance of university lecturers at Nangarhar University, Afghanistan. The questionnaire method was adopted to collect data using Likert scales ranging from 1 to 5. Data were collected from 210 respondents and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to determine the impact of salary and recognition on job performance. The result of the study showed that there is a significant correlation between salary and employee performance. In addition, it was also found that there was a significant correlation between recognition and employee performance.

Learners’ Conduct and Educational Achievement

Learners’ conduct may be taken from several factors which may be the cause for their educational achievement. This study aimed to determine the level of learners’ conduct and educational achievement. This also determined the relationship between the learners’ conduct and educational achievement. The respondents of this study were the teachers (n=105) from the selected schools in the Division of Cagayan de Oro City. This study used descriptive correlational research design with documentary analysis and utilized an adapted and modified survey questionnaire as its instrument to gather the data from respondents. Statistical tools like frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to find out the relationships between the variables. Results showed that the learners’ conduct was at moderate level on which family has the highest mean score while teacher has the lowest mean score. Learners’ educational achievement was at a satisfactory level. Learners’ conduct was negatively correlated with educational achievement. Though negatively correlated but it can be concluded that family plays an important role in molding learners’ conduct. Thus, the school may hold parenting seminars to remind parents of the importance of family in developing the learners’ conduct. If learners have desirable conduct, they would have good study habits that would improve their educational achievement.

Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Gang Participation Among Youth in Mombasa County, Kenya: From the Perspective of Household Challenges

Purpose: Gang participation has become a universal phenomenon attracting increasing attention in both developed and developing countries. Previous research denotes strong evidence that early life adverse traumas and events heighten the risk of delinquent behaviour among young people. This study aimed to find out whether there is a relationship between household challenges and gang participation among youth gang members in Mombasa County. This study was guided by the Interactional Theory by Terrence Thornberry (1987). Methods: This study employed a correlational research design within the context of Ex-post facto research. The study population consisted of alleged, convicted, and reforming gang members in Mombasa. They were drawn from a database accessed by the Nyali District Peace Committee (DPC) which has 358 members aged between 15-31 years. Purposive, and snowball sampling techniques were used to gather data from the sample. Descriptive statistics namely, frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency were used. Inferential statistics namely the Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient, linear, and regression was then employed to establish the relationship between household challenges and gang participation. Results: The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between gang participation and household challenges (r = 0.876, p &lt; 0.01). Implication: The findings of this study will guide the formulation of programs and interventions for the rehabilitation and reintegration of these gang members. These can be of help to Civil Society Organizations, law enforcement agencies, and probation officers.

Long-axial field-of-view PET/CT improves radiomics feature reliability.

To assess the influence of long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET/CT systems on radiomics feature reliability, to assess the suitability for short-duration or low-activity acquisitions for textural feature analysis and to investigate the influence of acceptance angle. 34 patients were analysed: twelve patients underwent oncological 2-[18F]-FDG PET/CT, fourteen [18F]PSMA-1007 and eight [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. Data were obtained using a 106cm LAFOV system for 10min. Sinograms were generated from list-mode data corresponding to scan durations of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 120, 240, 360 and 600s using both standard (minimum ring difference MRD 85 crystals) and maximum acceptance angles (MRD 322). Target lesions were segmented and radiomics features were calculated. To assess feature correlation, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) was calculated with respect to the full duration acquisition for MRD 85 and 322 respectively. The number of features with excellent (r > 0.9), moderate (r > 0.7 and < 0.9) and poor (r ≤ 0.7) correlation was compared as a measure of feature stability. Intra-class heterogeneity was assessed by means of the quartile coefficient of dispersion. As expected, PPMCC improved with acquisition time for all features. By 240s almost all features showed at least moderate agreement with the full count (C100%) data, and by 360s almost all showed excellent agreement. Compared to standard-axial field of view (SAFOV) equivalent scans, fewer features showed moderate or poor agreement, and this was most pronounced for [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC. Data obtained at C100% at MRD 322 were better able to capture between-patient heterogeneities. The improved feature reliability at longer acquisition times and higher MRD demonstrate the advantages of high sensitivity LAFOV systems for reproducible and low-noise data. High fidelity between MRD 85 and MRD 322 was seen at all scan durations > 2s. When contrasted with data comparable to a simulated SAFOV acquisition, full-count and full-MRD data were better able to capture underlying feature heterogeneities.

The Influence of Political Culture on Youth Officials’ Leadership Styles and Civic Engagement

Recognizing the underlying cultural factors that influence political attitudes can aid in resolving conflicts and promoting social cohesion. This study explored the influence political culture on Youth Officials’ leadership styles and civic engagement. The study was conducted in one of the universities in Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental. The descriptive-correlational design was used in the study. There were 135 students who served as the respondents selected through a purposive sampling technique. The researcher-made Youth Officials Political Culture, Youth Officials’ Leadership Styles, and Youth Officials’ Civic Engagement Questionnaires were used as research instruments. Weighted Mean and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient were used as statistical tools to analyze the data gathered. Results revealed that the youth officials perceived political culture in their respective barangays was very highly participant. The youth officials’ leadership style was democratic, while their civic engagement was to a very great extent. The perceived political culture generally influenced the respondents’ leadership styles and civic engagement. Political culture holds a major factor on how the youth officials lead their constituents and engage themselves in civic activities. It is recommended that youth officials sustain their democratic practices in governance to encourage citizens to participate freely in collective political action and influence decision-making processes.

Parents’ Participation and Learners’ Educational Achievement

Parents’ participation plays a great role in a child’s learning development. This study sought to determine the relationship between the parents’ participation and learners’ educational achievement. It also identified which independent variable/s singly or in combination influenced the educational achievement of learners. This study used descriptive-correlational and causal design with content analysis. It utilized an adapted and modified questionnaire which was validity and reliability tested. Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression as the statistical tools. The study's respondents were the Grades 4,5 and 6 pupils from Naawan Elementary School, Naawan District of Misamis Oriental Division, who were elected though simple random sampling using Slovin’s Formula. Results reveal that parents are highly involved in all six dimensions namely, parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decision making and collaborating with community. Parenting as the highest and volunteering as the lowest. Pupils have the Very Satisfactory rating. Parents’ participation has low positive correlation between the pupils’ educational achievement while parenting and decision-making influence the pupils’ educational achievement. Thus, parents may continue to be involved in their children’s education and teachers may sustain parental participation by providing accessible avenues for parents to engage in their children’s academic journey

The Effect of Tourist Attractions on the Progress of the Sipinsur Geosite Tourism Object in Pearung Tourism Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024

This study aims to determine the positive and significant influence of tourist attractions (x) on the progress of tourist attractions (y) Geosite Sipinsur in Pearung Tourism Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency in 2024. This research uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 96 respondents by accidential sampling. To determine the answer score on the questionnaire which will be tested for validity and reliability using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson Product Moment correlation, determination coefficient test and simple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, the influence of tourist attractions on the progress of tourist attractions is in a good category, with an average of 4.5449 at the interval of the category very advanced. The test results of the correlation coefficient (r) = 0.586 with a sufficient category and compared with r table = 0.200, where r count&gt; r table (0.586&gt; 0.200) it can be said to be significant and the hypothesis is accepted.

Validity and reliability of the physical fitness test instrument for retired martial art athletes

Background and Study Aim. Developing exercise programs to maintain the fitness and health of retired athletes is crucial as a preventive measure against common health problems in this population. Equally important is the creation of an exercise evaluation tool to assess the effectiveness of these programs. This study aims to test the validity and reliability of a physical fitness test instrument for retired martial arts athletes. Material and Methods. This study used an evaluation approach with data collected through tests and measurements. A total of 147 subjects participated. For validity testing, there were 35 retired male martial arts athletes and 37 retired female athletes. For reliability testing, there were 36 retired male and 39 retired female martial arts athletes. The instruments used included body mass index (BMI) measurements with digital scales, flexibility measurements with the sit-and-reach test, muscle strength measurements with a leg and back dynamometer, and cardiovascular endurance measurements with the Cooper test. Validity was assessed using a concurrent validity approach. Reliability was tested using the test-retest method. The Pearson product-moment correlation was used for validity analysis, while Cronbach's alpha was used to assess reliability. The JASP software was used for the analysis. Results. For male athletes, the r-values for each test item exceeded the r-table value of 0.275, confirming the validity of the body mass index (BMI), sit-and-reach test, leg and back dynamometers, and the Cooper test. Similarly, female athletes demonstrated r-values above the r-table value of 0.267, confirming the validity of all test items. The reliability of each item was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha values, which were above the 0.7 threshold for both male and female athletes. The Cronbach's alpha value for BMI was 0.998 for both male and female athletes, indicating excellent reliability. Other test items, such as flexibility and muscle strength, also showed strong reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.742 to 0.985. Conclusions. The study highlights the importance of developing valid and reliable instruments to assess the physical fitness of retired martial arts athletes. Such instruments are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of training programs aimed at maintaining the health and fitness of retired athletes. The findings of this research confirm the value of structured fitness tests. These tests effectively evaluate key physical components such as body composition, flexibility, muscle strength, and cardiovascular endurance.

Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Toward Effluent Quality Discharged from the Shirere Wastewater Treatment Plant to the Isiukhu River, Kakamega County, Kenya

For waste removal, advanced infrastructural technologies can be adopted in the drainage channels of effluents into water bodies though they are limited and scarce. The aim of the study was to asses community knowledge, attitude and perception towards effluent quality discharged from Shirere wastewater treatment plant up to river Isiukhu. Correlation and descriptive survey were the main research approaches adopted. The measurement of the knowledge, perception and attitude was limited to only the community members, as well as Kakamega County Water and Sanitation Company (KACWASCO) staff members. The study was anchored by the risk management theory to demonstrate the vulnerability of community hazards like water pollution. The social-economic sampling approaches applied were stratified for the community members and random for the KACWASCO workers. The population targeted was eighty community members and four KACWASCO staff members. The questionnaires were pretested through a pilot study to ascertain their reliability. This pre-test was conducted at a different Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) at Nabongo. The Pearson coefficient (r) was used to compute the correlation coefficient between the two test scores. Data was analyzed using regression and correlation methods. For socio-economic, reliability test was administered by use test- retest method. A code book was prepared and scores of the first test correlated with scores of the second test, and Pearson product moment of correlation was computed using SPSS software version 21.0. By applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA), researcher was able to determine whether differences observed between groups are likely due to actual variations in their perceptions or simply due to chance. From the reliability test, all of the variables obtained had Cronbach's Alpha greater than 0.7, indicating that they met the necessary 0.7 for data internal consistency. The Bartlett's test for validity was examined using the chi-square test, which revealed that all of the variables were significant at the 5% (0.000) level of significance. Only 82 of the 84 questionnaires provided to the sampled respondents (KACWASCO staffs and community members) were filled out and returned in this study. From the study findings the value of R-square was 0.429. The ANOVA test indicated that in this model the independent variable namely; knowledge of the residents is important in predicting of waste water treatment as indicated by significance value=0.002 which is less than 0.05 level of significance (p=0.002 &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the response under attitude and perception, the value of R-Square was 0.045 which implied that, 4.5% of variation of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Shirere was explained by attitude and perception of the residents within the area. The study also revealed that attitude and perception of the residents in Shirere had a significant influence on wastewater treatment at Shirere in Kakamega County (t-statistic = 25.674, p-value = ). Therefore, it was concluded that, at 5% level of significance, indicating that community knowledge, perception and attitude had a positive influence on waste water treatment at Shirere in Kakamega County. Likewise, for every unit increase in attitude of the residents there was a corresponding increase in wastewater treatment at Shirere in Kakamega County by 0.628. The study recommended that, the community members need more sensitization on matters pollution as revealed by this study.

Effectiveness of Abstract – Visual – Concrete Approach in Enhancing Students’ Level of Conceptual Understanding and Mathematical Self-Efficacy

This study was designed to transform mathematics instruction into a more engaging and practical learning experience, emphasizing real-world applications. The primary objective was to enhance conceptual understanding and mathematical self-efficacy among Grade 11 senior high school students in Statistics and Probability during the 2021-2022 academic year's second quarter. The findings demonstrated that mathematical self-efficacy positively correlates with conceptual understanding, with high-efficacy students showing greater confidence and positive attitudes toward mathematics. The Abstract-Visual Representation-Concrete (A-V-C) instructional approach proved effective in teaching Pearson product moment correlation and regression analysis. This method progresses from abstract concepts through behavioral modeling to exploratory concrete experiences, enabling students to develop comprehensive understanding through structured, hands-on learning.

Community-Based Tourism Implementation as Mediator on the Relationship between Community Participation and Socio-Economic Sustainability of Tourism

This study explored the mediating effect of community-based tourism implementation on the relationship between community participation and the socio-economic sustainability of tourism in Marilog District. This study employed a quantitative method and stratified random sampling to select the 380 respondents. The survey was distributed to two areas in Marilog District: Barangay Baganihan and Barangay Datu Salumay. The data was evaluated to ascertain whether the variables had a statistical relationship. This study used non-experimental quantitative research, the descriptive-correlation approach, and mediation analysis. The weighted mean, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis were used to analyze the data. The result revealed that the respondents have high levels of community participation, socio-economic sustainability, and community-based tourism implementation. The relationship between community participation and socio-economic sustainability, community participation and community-based tourism implementation, and socio-economic sustainability and community-based tourism implementation were statistically significant. However, the indirect effect of community participation in socio-economic sustainability through community-based tourism implementation is insignificant and statistically supported by this study, indicating no significant mediation. The study findings’ implications are presented.

Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMK Batik 2 Surakarta

This study aims to determine the relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in young women at SMK Batik 2 Surakarta. This research uses the Observational Analytical method with a Cross-Sectional approach. The sample consisted of 9 classes selected using the Proportional Random Sampling technique with inclusion criteria, namely young women who were not menstruating and not on a diet, with a total of 60 respondents. Dietary pattern data was obtained through interviews using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) form for the past month, then dietary patterns were determined based on food consumption scores. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels in adolescent girls were measured using the Cyanmethemoglobin method with the help of health workers. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test and the relationship between variables was tested using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship between diet and the incidence of anemia in young women at SMK Batik 2 Surakarta. Apart from that, this research also found that teenage girls with poor diets had a 0.004 times greater chance of experiencing anemia compared to teenage girls who had good diets.

Hubungan Kecanduan Game Online dengan Keterampilan Sosial Siswa

This research is motivated by the low social skills of students caused by online game addiction. Ideally, the lower the addiction to online games in students who use online games, the higher the social skills. However, it can still be found that students experience online game addiction, which affects their social skills in interacting with others. This study aims to determine the relationship between online game addiction and the social skills of students who use online games. This research uses quantitative methods with correlational research types. The sample in this study was 65 students selected using purposive sampling technique. The data were processed using descriptive analysis techniques and Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The results showed that students' online game addiction was in the high category with a percentage (38.5%), the social skills of online game users were in the low category with a percentage (35.4%) and there was a significant and negative relationship between online game addiction and social skills in online game users with a correlation value of r count of -0.348 with a significance level of &lt;0.04 at a weak level of relationship.

Emotional intelligence and knowledge-sharing behavior: exploring the dynamics of emotional intelligence on knowledge exchange among filipino academics

The increasing complexity of academia and the growing recognition of knowledge as a critical organizational asset have put knowledge-sharing behavior at the forefront of research and practice. This study investigates the relationship between emotional intelligence and knowledge-sharing behaviors of 167 academicians from public higher education institutions in the Philippines. The researchers utilized a descriptive-correlational research design, employing Pearson product-moment correlation to establish the relationship between the variables. Results of the study show that most academicians have average emotional intelligence, which may impact sharing their knowledge with their peers and the rest of the academic community. As to their knowledge-sharing behaviors, academicians convey their thoughts and expertise to their departments and colleagues, but their publications and knowledge-building contributions to the community remain insignificant. The study also indicates that academicians' knowledge-sharing behavior is associated with their emotional intelligence. These results have implications for individual academicians and institutional management, as they can improve their professional development, leadership, and teamwork.

Examining the relationship between social well-being levels of health personnel and their perception of gender roles: a university hospital example

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the social well-being of healthcare professionals and their perception of gender roles. The correlational screening model was used in the research. The study group consisted of 247 healthcare professionals working in a university hospital. As a data collection tool in the research, the Social Well-Being Scale-Healthcare Professionals Version, Gender Roles Attitude Scale, and Demographic Data Form were used. Unrelated Samples t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. It was determined that the social well-being average of healthcare workers was 121.43 ± 24.46 and the gender role average was 99.48 ± 9.70. It was observed that the average social well-being of healthcare professionals differed at a statistically significant level according to family structure, length of service in the current institution, alcohol use, gender roles, gender, and profession (p < .05). As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between social well-being and gender roles. It was determined that gender roles, gender, length of service in the current institution and alcohol use status significantly predict social well-being.

The relationship between peer social support and self-regulated learning in Samarinda Ulu state junior high school students

Purpose: The capacity for self-regulated learning (SRL) assumes a pivotal role among state junior high school students (SMPN), necessitating autonomy in learning endeavors due to the evolving nature of educational processes. Social contextual factors, especially peer social support (PSS), exert significant influence on the manifestation of self-regulated learning. This study aims to elucidate the association between peer social support and self-regulated learning among students of state junior high schools in Samarinda Ulu. Method: Employing quantitative correlational research methodology. Random sampling techniques were employed, with sample sizes adjusted to ensure representation across schools, resulting in a cohort of 347 participants from seven state junior high schools within the Samarinda Ulu sub-district. Research instruments included the Peer Support Questionnaire scale and measures of self-regulated learning. Statistical analysis, using the Pearson Product Moment test aided by the Jamovi application. Result: Revealed a significant correlation with a p-value of 0.001 &lt; 0.05 and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.399, This shows that the hypothesis in this study is proven, showing that there is a relationship between PSS and SRL. This value shows a positive number, which means there is a positive but relatively low relationship between the SRL variable and the PSS variable. The meaning can be interpreted as if the higher the PSS, the SRL possessed by students will also be classified as high. Then conversely, if the PSS level obtained is lower, then the SRL possessed by students will also be classified as low. Conclusion: Based on the results of the Pearson product moment correlation test, ap value of 0.001 &lt;0.05 and an r value = 0.399 was obtained, which means that the working hypothesis (Ha) in this study was accepted, namely that there is a significant relationship between peer social support and self-regulated learning, the nature of the correlation is positive, which means that an increase in the score on the peer support variable will cause an increase in the SLR score. However, the magnitude of the correlation is relatively low, where the variance in peer social support that can explain the SLR variance is 15.92%.

Understanding the Interplay between Anxiety and Self-Esteem among School-Going Adolescents: Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence

Adolescents undergo significant psychological and emotional changes, with factors such as anxiety, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem playing pivotal roles in their regular development, whereas their association is unclear. This study investigates how emotional intelligence plays a role as a moderator between anxiety and self-esteem of Bangladeshi adolescents. The study was conducted by following a cross-sectional study design, whereas a total of 300 high-school students were selected using a random sampling technique. Data were collected using the Bangla version of anxiety, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem measuring questionnaires. The results displayed that in the case of anxiety, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem, no significant differences were found across varied socio-economic statuses, while these three outcome variables were significantly varied due to gender and family types. In addition, the Pearson product-moment correlation explored a significant negative correlation of anxiety with emotional intelligence and self-esteem and a positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-esteem among students. Furthermore, the hierarchical regression analysis manifested buffering effects of emotional intelligence in the relationship between anxiety and self-esteem. This study's findings emphasize the importance of emotional intelligence in mitigating anxiety and enhancing self-esteem, regardless of varied socio-economic status. Ultimately, the findings would contribute to policy and decision-making regarding improving the well-being of adolescents in Bangladesh. Jagannath University Journal of Science, Volume 11, Number 1, June 2024, pp. 94−105

Efficiency of small business: the case of Nigeria

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been widely discussed through previous studies in entrepreneurship, so it can be considered as one of the main topics in this field, and the most commonly used measure of entrepreneurial behaviour. The main objectives of the study were to determine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on small and medium sized enterprises and also to examine the effect of innovative performance on EO. The study population refers to selected SMEs that were registered with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) in Ogun State, Nigeria. The primary data was generated through the field survey using structured questionnaire as a major research instrument. Taro Yamani scientific formula was adopted to determine the sample size. Correlation statistical analytical, Pearson Product Moment correlation Coefficient method and content validity method was applied. The study used Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficiency, and regression analysis for this study. The research found that there is a significant effect of entrepreneurial orientation on small and medium sized enterprises performance in Nigeria. Moreover, the results of the study indicated that EO affects innovative performance. The study recommends that small and medium sized enterprises should embrace the entrepreneurial orientation dimensions of autonomy, pro-activeness, risk taking, competitive aggressiveness and innovativeness to increase business performance and SMEs operators should adopt autonomy by encouraging employees to be autonomous and be free to take initiative for the best interest of the organization and use periodic appraisal to monitor them.