Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

The Usage of Android Phone and the Academic Performance of the Grade 10 Students in Jose Abad Santos National High School

The study aimed to determine the impact of Android phones on the academic performance of Grade 10 students in Jose Abad Santos National High School. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. Were 182 respondents selected using a stratified random sampling technique who responded to the adapted survey guide questionnaire? The frequency count and percentage, mean, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient were the statistical tools used. Most respondents were 17-18 years old, female, used Vivo android phone, and had average socio-economic status. The usage of Android phones occasionally used by the respondents, in particular in the cognitive aspect. The average grade of the Grade 10 students in the first grading period of the school year 2022-2023 was 83.09 indicating that their academic performance was approaching proficiency level—a significant relationship was found between the usage of Android phones and academic performance of the Grade 10 students. Moreover, the findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between the Android phone and academic performance of the Grade 10 students particularly their cognitive aspects in which the students develop their mental skills and acquisition of knowledge.

Financial Prudence as Determinant of Employees’ Interest in Graduate Study

The study aimed to looked into the influence of financial prudence of employees towards employees’ interest towards graduate study. In this study, the researcher selected the 100 government employees in Local Government Unit (LGU) in Koronadal City as the respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents. Non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive-correlational method was employed. The data collected were subjected to the following statistical tools: Mean, Pearson Moment Product Correlation and Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that financial prudence and employees’ interest in graduate study were rated as extensive. Further, correlation analysis demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between financial prudence and employees’ interest towards graduate study in Koronadal City. Evidently, regression analysis proved that financial prudence in terms of financial resources and financial goals identification significantly influenced the employees’ interest towards graduate study in Koronadal City. Local Government Unit (LGU) should introduce initiatives that promote financial literacy and prudence among employees, including workshops, seminars, and educational resources tailored to the specific financial needs and challenges associated with pursuing graduate study.

Developing a novel permeability prediction method for tight carbonate reservoirs using borehole electrical image logging

Predicting permeability accurately is crucial for effective hydrocarbon extraction, but the intricate pore structures of tight carbonates, resulting from sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonic activity, present significant challenges. Based on borehole electrical image logging and fractal theory, we developed a method to calculate the fractal dimension of the porosity spectrum to characterise the complexity of the pore structure of the reservoir. Fractal features of the porosity spectra were studied and fractal parameters were calculated, such as the left ( D f_left), middle ( D f_middle), and right fractal dimension ( D f_right). A permeability prediction model was proposed based on fractal parameters by investigating the linear relationship between fractal parameters and core permeability. The results indicate that D f_left and permeability have a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.78, whereas R2 between porosity and permeability is only 0.03. D f_middle and D f_right have little correlation with core permeability. The prediction results of the D f_left -based permeability model are in good agreement with the experimental data with Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient of 0.93 in the field applications. Our findings suggest that large pores primarily contribute to the permeability of tight carbonates since D f_left corresponds to the macroporous part of the porosity spectrum. This study enhances our understanding of the factors that influence permeability and provides a useful tool for predicting permeability in tight carbonate reservoirs.

Electronic Marketing Techniques and Business Success of Food and Beverage Manufacturing Firms in South-South, Nigeria

This study examined electronic marketing techniques and business success of food and beverage manufacturing firms in south-south, Nigeria. This study adopted the correlational research design; the population of this study consisted of 28 registered food and beverage manufacturing firms in South-South, Nigeria. One hundred and ninety-six (196) managers and senior marketing personnel of the registered food and beverage manufacturing firms on the basis of 7 managers and senior marketing personnel per headquarter branch constituted the study subjects. The responses received from the data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the hypotheses were tested using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, it was confirmed that electronic marketing has a positive and significant relationship with business success of food and beverage manufacturing firms in the South-South zone of Nigeria. Based on these findings, it was concluded that electronic marketing has a positive and significant relationship with business success of food and beverage manufacturing firms in the South-South zone of Nigeria. The study recommends amongst others that food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nigeria, particularly those that are currently experiencing low business success, should adopt electronic marketing such as content marketing, e-mail marketing and social media marketing as it would increase their level of business success.

LIFESTYLE AND BEHAVIOR, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN RELATION TO THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF JUNIOR AND SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study investigated the relationship between lifestyle and behavior, nutritional status, depression symptoms, and academic achievement of junior and senior high school students in selected secondary schools in the Division of Malaybalay City. The descriptive-correlational research design was employed. Data were gathered from 580 students chosen using total random sampling and were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency counts and percentage, Pearson-product moment correlation, and multiple linear regression. The findings revealed that in lifestyle and behavior, students’ physical activity involved 3 to 4 times of physical exercise per week. Their sleep patterns showed that they felt sleepy only 1 to 2 times weekly during their activities. Their screen time usage averaged 2 to 3 hours for different electronics, with mobile phones or smartphones more often used at over 3 hours. Moreover, the students’ nutritional status through their dietary behavior in terms of food choice revealed that they often put importance on choosing their foods. The diversity of their daily diet included vegetables, starches (e.g., rice and rice products) and meat/fish often, and fruits, milk, fats, sugar and beverage occasionally. The students’ anthropometric measurements had an average weight of 95.90 lbs. and an average height of 178.65 cm. The depression symptoms experienced by the students were borderline to moderate depression levels. The study also found that the students’ academic achievement was very satisfactory. Furthermore, correlation and regression analyses showed that the variables, sleep patterns and depression symptoms, negatively and significantly impact students’ academic achievement. Therefore, less frequency of daytime sleepiness and fewer depression symptoms could increase academic performance. Hence, these findings have implications for students’ academic success and well-being, especially in improving their sleep quality and supporting effective interventions for depression. KEYWORDS: Lifestyle and behavior, nutritional status, depression symptoms, academic achievement

Psychometric Properties of the Academic Self-Efficacy Scale for Higher Secondary Students

In response to the scarcity of grade-specific academic self-efficacy scale, the present study was aimed to adapt a scale for measuring academic self-efficacy for higher secondary students in the context of Bangladesh. Main objective of this study was to assess psychometric properties of the Academic Self-efficacy Scale for Bangladeshi higher secondary students. This measure was administered on a sample 207 higher secondary students who were selected from 3 administrative districts of Bangladesh by non-probability sampling techniques. Psychometric properties were assessed through item analysis (item-total correlation, Cronbach’s Alpha and split-half reliabilities), differential item function, and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (Predictive validity). One item excluded from the scale as this item had insufficient item-total correlation. Findings revealed that this scale had sufficient internal consistency reliabilities and predictive validity and suggested that this could be applicable for assessing academic self-efficacy of higher secondary students in Bangladesh. The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 10(1 and2):149-156, 2020

ChickenSense: A Low-Cost Deep Learning-Based Solution for Poultry Feed Consumption Monitoring Using Sound Technology

This research proposes a low-cost system consisting of a hardware setup and a deep learning-based model to estimate broiler chickens’ feed intake, utilizing audio signals captured by piezoelectric sensors. The signals were recorded 24/7 for 19 consecutive days. A subset of the raw data was chosen, and events were labeled in two classes, feed-pecking and non-pecking (including singing, anomaly, and silence samples). Next, the labeled data were preprocessed through a noise removal algorithm and a band-pass filter. Then, the spectrogram and the signal envelope were extracted from each signal and fed as inputs to a VGG-16-based convolutional neural network (CNN) with two branches for 1D and 2D feature extraction followed by a binary classification head to classify feed-pecking and non-pecking events. The model achieved 92% accuracy in feed-pecking vs. non-pecking events classification with an f1-score of 91%. Finally, the entire raw dataset was processed utilizing the developed model, and the resulting feed intake estimation was compared with the ground truth data from scale measures. The estimated feed consumption showed an 8 ± 7% mean percent error on daily feed intake estimation with a 71% R2 score and 85% Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) on hourly intake estimation. The results demonstrate that the proposed system estimates broiler feed intake at each feeder and has the potential to be implemented in commercial farms.

Mediating Effect of Moral Sensitivity on the Relationship between Appreciative Leadership of School Principals and Comprehensive Teaching Approach of Teachers

The current study aimed to evaluate whether moral sensitivity mediates the relationship between appreciative leadership of school principals and comprehensive teaching approach of teachers. In this study, the researcher selected the 201 secondary school teachers in Governor Generoso South District in Davao Oriental as the respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents. Non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive-correlational method was employed. The data collected were subjected on the following statistical tools: Mean, Pearson Moment Product Correlation, and Sobel z-Test. Findings revealed that appreciative leadership of school principals, comprehensive teaching approach, and moral sensitivity of teachers in Governor Generoso South District in Davao Oriental were rated as moderately extensive. Further, correlation analysis demonstrated that there is significant relationship among appreciative leadership of school principals, comprehensive teaching approach, and moral sensitivity of teachers in Governor Generoso South District in Davao Oriental. Evidently, Sobel z-test proved that moral sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between appreciative leadership of school principals and comprehensive teaching approach of teachers in Governor Generoso South District in Davao Oriental. In other words, moral sensitivity is a significant mediator on the relationship between appreciative leadership of school principals and comprehensive teaching approach of teachers.

The Role of Sympathetic School Culture as Moderator on Managerial Conceptual Ability and Teaching Engagement of Teachers

The current study was set evaluate whether sympathetic school culture significantly moderates the interaction between managerial conceptual ability and teaching engagement of teachers. In this study, the researcher selected the 198 public elementary school teachers in Talomo-A District, Davao Oriental as the respondents of the study. Stratified random sampling technique was utilized in the selection of the respondents. Non-experimental quantitative research design using descriptive-correlational method was employed. The data collected were subjected to the following statistical tools: Mean, Pearson Moment Product Correlation, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis. Descriptive analysis showed that managerial conceptual ability and teaching engagement of teachers were described as extensive, while sympathetic school culture was rated as moderately extensive. Further, partial correlation analysis demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between managerial conceptual ability and teaching engagement of teachers in Talomo-A District, Davao City when moderated by sympathetic school culture. Evidently, heirarchical regression analysis proved that sympathetic school culture significantly moderates the interaction between managerial conceptual ability and teaching engagement of teachers in Talomo A District, Davao City. In other words, sympathetic school culture is a significant moderator on the between managerial conceptual ability and teaching engagement of teachers.

Occupational Stress Management of Truck Drivers and its Effect on Road Safety: Evidence from Petroleum Tanker Drivers in Lagos State, Nigeria

The feeling of apathy among truck drivers regarding managing their health and work stress is endangering lives and properties on Lagos roads. The study examined occupational stress management of truck drivers and on road safety. The study adopted the descriptive survey research designusing a complete enumeration method (Census).Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to fifty truck drivers who are executive members of the union in the state. The questionnaire was designed on a four-point Likert scale and the study used Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple regression in analyzing the collected data. The findings revealed that there is astrong relationship between fatigue and road safety and a weak relationship between inattention and road safety. The findings further revealed that fatigue and inattention account for 47.8% of road safety issues experienced by truck drivers in Lagos State. The study concluded that the indicators identified for the independent variable are good measures of the occupational stress construct. However, the study recommended among others that employers of truck drivers and their unions should enlighten them and create more awareness of the need for them to pay more attention to their health to ensure the safety of lives and properties on Lagos roads.

Hubungan Kecerdasan Sosial dengan Perilaku Altruisme pada Siswa SMP Garuda Jakarta

This study was motivated by the phenomenon of low social intelligence related to altruism behavior in Garuda Jakarta Middle School students. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of social intelligence with altruism behavior in Garuda Jakarta Middle School students. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach with correlational methods. The population and research sample amounted to 78 students using saturated samples determined based on census techniques. Data analysis techniques are carried out by testing the analysis requirements which include the normality test and linearity test and hypothesis test using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Formula. The normality test results show ASYM. Sig of 0.915> 0.05, so that data is in the normal distribution area. The linearity test results show the sig value in the deviation from linearity of 0.414> 0.05 which means there is a linear relationship between the social intelligence variable and the altruism behavior variable. Furthermore, the results of the hypothesis test show that SOIAL intelligence is positively related to altruism behavior, with a significance value (P) = 0,000 <0.05 and the correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.619. That is, the higher the level of social intelligence of students, the higher the altruism behavior. Vice versa, the lower the social intelligence of students, the lower the altruimening behavior

Hubungan Kecerdasan Sosial dengan Perilaku Altruisme pada Siswa SMP Garuda Jakarta

This study was motivated by the phenomenon of low social intelligence related to altruism behavior in Garuda Jakarta Middle School students. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of social intelligence with altruism behavior in Garuda Jakarta Middle School students. The study was conducted using a quantitative approach with correlational methods. The population and research sample amounted to 78 students using saturated samples determined based on census techniques. Data analysis techniques are carried out by testing the analysis requirements which include the normality test and linearity test and hypothesis test using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Formula. The normality test results show ASYM. Sig of 0.915> 0.05, so that data is in the normal distribution area. The linearity test results show the sig value in the deviation from linearity of 0.414> 0.05 which means there is a linear relationship between the social intelligence variable and the altruism behavior variable. Furthermore, the results of the hypothesis test show that SOIAL intelligence is positively related to altruism behavior, with a significance value (P) = 0,000 <0.05 and the correlation coefficient (R) value of 0.619. That is, the higher the level of social intelligence of students, the higher the altruism behavior. Vice versa, the lower the social intelligence of students, the lower the altruimening behavior

Transforming Key Industries in Rivers State: The Impact of Automation and Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Work

The study investigated automation, artificial intelligence and the future of work in key industries in Rivers State. Four research questions and four corresponding hypotheses were formulated to understand how AI automation relationship s job security, skill requirements, workforce adaptation, employee well-being, and work-life balance in these industries. The research uses a correlational research design and the target population comprises employees from key industries in Rivers State, including manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and technology sectors. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to draw a sample size of 54 employees across these industries. The self-structured questionnaire titled “Automation and Artificial Intelligence Integration in Industries Questionnaire (AAIIIQ)” and “Future of Work Questionnaire (FWQ)” using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from Very Low Extent (1) to Very High Extent (4). The questionnaire was distributed within the dry season of November 2023 to February 2024. During this period, 54 copies were distributed, but only 49 were returned. Of these, 2 were not correctly filled out, leaving the researcher with only 47 valid copies that were used for data analysis. To ensure content validity, the questionnaire was reviewed by experts in the field of Organizational Behaviour and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The reliability of the instrument was assessed using the test-retest method with a sample of 10 participants which were not part of the main sample size, but within the study’s population. The questionnaire was distributed twice at a two-week interval, and the responses were analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC). A reliability index of .87 was calculated based on the outcomes of this analysis. Mean and standard deviation, was used to answer the research questions, Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC), was utilized to test hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings underscore the critical importance of considering the effects of AI automation on job security, workforce adaptation, employee well-being, and organizational strategies. Conclusion, the study’s findings underscore the transformative nature of AI automation on the future of work in key industries in Rivers State. By recognizing and responding to these changes, organizations can harness the full potential of AI automation while mitigating its potential negative impacts. The study recommended that organizations should prioritize employee training and development, offering opportunities for upskilling and reskilling to ensure their workforce remains competitive and adaptable to technological advancements.

Transforming Key Industries in Rivers State: The Impact of Automation and Artificial Intelligence on the Future of Work

The study investigated automation, artificial intelligence and the future of work in key industries in Rivers State. Four research questions and four corresponding hypotheses were formulated to understand how AI automation relationship s job security, skill requirements, workforce adaptation, employee well-being, and work-life balance in these industries. The research uses a correlational research design and the target population comprises employees from key industries in Rivers State, including manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and technology sectors. A stratified random sampling technique was employed to draw a sample size of 54 employees across these industries. The self-structured questionnaire titled “Automation and Artificial Intelligence Integration in Industries Questionnaire (AAIIIQ)” and “Future of Work Questionnaire (FWQ)” using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from Very Low Extent (1) to Very High Extent (4). The questionnaire was distributed within the dry season of November 2023 to February 2024. During this period, 54 copies were distributed, but only 49 were returned. Of these, 2 were not correctly filled out, leaving the researcher with only 47 valid copies that were used for data analysis. To ensure content validity, the questionnaire was reviewed by experts in the field of Organizational Behaviour and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The reliability of the instrument was assessed using the test-retest method with a sample of 10 participants which were not part of the main sample size, but within the study’s population. The questionnaire was distributed twice at a two-week interval, and the responses were analyzed using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC). A reliability index of .87 was calculated based on the outcomes of this analysis. Mean and standard deviation, was used to answer the research questions, Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation (PPMC), was utilized to test hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings underscore the critical importance of considering the effects of AI automation on job security, workforce adaptation, employee well-being, and organizational strategies. Conclusion, the study’s findings underscore the transformative nature of AI automation on the future of work in key industries in Rivers State. By recognizing and responding to these changes, organizations can harness the full potential of AI automation while mitigating its potential negative impacts. The study recommended that organizations should prioritize employee training and development, offering opportunities for upskilling and reskilling to ensure their workforce remains competitive and adaptable to technological advancements.

School Well-Being Boosts Student Motivation in Indonesia

This study examines the relationship between school well-being and learning motivation among Islamic Vocational High School students in Tulangan, Sidoarjo. Using a quantitative correlational method, 222 students were selected from a population of 497 through stratified random sampling. Validated scales measured school well-being and learning motivation, with data analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlation via JASP software. Results showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.432, p<0.001), indicating that higher school well-being is associated with increased learning motivation. These findings suggest that improving school infrastructure and resources can enhance student motivation, highlighting the need for collaborative efforts to boost educational quality. Highlight: Positive correlation between school well-being and learning motivation identified. Enhanced infrastructure boosts student motivation. Collaboration with parents and institutions crucial for educational quality. Keyword: School well-being, learning motivation, Islamic vocational students, quantitative study, Pearson correlation

Association between Pericarotid Fat Density and Positive Remodeling in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis.

Background/Objectives: The underlying mechanism of the potential involvement of inflammatory crosstalk between pericarotid fat and vascular layers in atherosclerosis pathogenesis is unclear. We investigated the association between pericarotid fat density and positive remodeling and inflammatory markers in carotid stenosis. We hypothesized that pericarotid fat density might serve as a marker of plaque inflammation in a clinical setting. Methods: We evaluated the stenosis degree and pericarotid fat density in 258 patients with carotid plaques. Plaque composition was examined, and the correlation between pericarotid fat density and expansive remodeling was investigated. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between pericarotid fat density and the expansive remodeling ratio. We also evaluated the relationship of pericarotid fat density with plaque composition, degree of stenosis, and macrophage and microvessel counts by. The subgroup analysis compared these factors between symptomatic mild carotid stenosis. Results: The pericarotid fat density was -63.0 ± 11.1 HU. The carotid fat densities were -56.8 ± 10.4 HU in symptomatic and -69.2 ± 11.4 HU in asymptomatic lesions. The pericarotid fat density values in intraplaque hemorrhage, lipid-rich necrotic core, and fibrous plaque were -51.6 ± 10.4, -59.4 ± 12.8, and -74.2 ± 8.4 HU, respectively. Therefore, the expansive remodeling ratio was 1.64 ± 0.4. Carotid fat density and expansive remodeling ratio were correlated. Immunohistochemistry showed high macrophage and microvessel levels (143.5 ± 61.3/field and 121.2 ± 27.7/field, respectively). In symptomatic mild carotid stenosis, pericarotid fat density was correlated with other inflammatory factors. The pericarotid fat density and expansive remodeling ratio (2.08 ± 0.21) were high in mild stenosis (-50.1 ± 8.4 HU). Conclusions: Pericarotid fat and intraplaque components were well correlated. Carotid fat density may be a marker of plaque inflammation in carotid plaques.

Influence of School-climate on Science Students’ Performance in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

This study investigated the Influence of School-climate on Science Students’ Performance in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study with a focus on Senior Secondary School II Science Students, which necessitated the use of questionnaires for data collection. The instrument was validated and tested for reliability using Cronbach Alpha statistic with 0.82 reliability value. Result formats were also used for collecting the average scores of 250 participating science students in science subjects (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Further Mathematics) from the school authorities concerned. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts, Mean and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. Findings from the study showed that, school-climate influences the academic performance of science students in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria leading to the need to enhance proper constructs for better performance in science subjects. The study concluded that conducive school-climates play significant roles in the performance of science students, which invariably implies that improved students’ performance can be achieved when school authorities pay deliberate attention to improving school-climate conditions. It was recommended among others that, schools should endeavor to create conducive environment such as provision of basic facilities, clear and effective communication channels and a cordial teacher-students relationship to facilitate learning and to improve students’ academic performance in science subjects.

Enhancing Nurse Well-Being: The Role of Self-Compassion in Flourishing

This study explores the relationship between self-compassion and flourishing among nursing staff at RSUD Salatiga. Utilizing a quantitative correlational design, data were collected from 131 nurses through purposive sampling and analyzed using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation. The self-compassion and flourishing variables were measured using the Self Compassion Scale Short Form (SCS-SF) and PERMA profiler, respectively. Results indicated a significant positive correlation (r = 0.266, p = 0.002), with self-compassion contributing 7.1% to the variance in flourishing. Descriptive statistics revealed that 33.6% of participants had high self-compassion, and 62.6% had very high flourishing. Most participants were women (80.2%) and adults aged 20-40 years (56.5%), groups typically associated with higher flourishing levels. The findings underscore the importance of self-compassion in enhancing nurses' well-being, supporting previous research on its role in emotional regulation, stress reduction, and overall mental health. Despite administrative challenges, this study offers valuable insights into promoting self-compassion to improve the quality of patient care in healthcare settings.

Conceptual and Procedural Understanding in the Division of Algebraic Fractions

This study investigated the correlation between conceptual and procedural understanding of the division of algebraic fractions among junior high school students at a government-run university. It utilized descriptive and correlational research designs involving 109 enrolled Grade 8 students as study respondents. A validated algebra test questionnaire was the instrument used for the division of algebraic fractions. The Pearson product-moment correlation or Pearson r was used to assess the correlation between data variables. The findings revealed that the students poorly exhibited conceptual and procedural understanding in the division of algebraic fractions. There was a strong, highly positive, significant correlation between the students’ conceptual and procedural understanding in the division of algebraic fractions, which indicated that students' conceptual understanding goes hand in hand with their procedural understanding. Therefore, the higher the level of student conceptual understanding, the higher the level of procedural understanding and vice-versa.

Supervisory Effectiveness and Commitment of the Teachers as Mediated by Symbolic Leadership Orientation of School Head

The purpose of the current study was to determine if symbolic leadership orientation mediated the association between teachers' commitment and supervisory effectiveness. The present investigation's respondents were the 198 public elementary school teachers in Davao Central District, Division of Davao City, chosen by the investigator. The respondents were chosen using a stratified random sampling technique. A descriptive-correlational strategy was used in a non- experimental quantitative research design. The following statistical techniques were applied to the gathered data: mean, Pearson moment product correlation, multiple linear regression analysis, and mediation analysis using a structural equation model. The results showed that the dedication of instructors, the supervisory effectiveness of the school heads, and their symbolic leadership orientation were all characterized as extensive. Furthermore, correlation research showed that the symbolic leadership orientation of school heads, the efficacy of their supervision, and the dedication of instructors are significantly correlated.