Pearson Product Moment Correlation Research Articles

The Influence Of Marketing Mix On Purchasing Decisions On Umkm Products Malaysian Chips Reynia

This research is motivated by the researcher's observation of the marketing mix, which is a marketing strategy carried out to influence consumer purchasing decisions. This study aims to describe the marketing mix, purchasing decisions, and analyze the effect of marketing mix on purchasing decisions on Malaysian Reynia chips MSME products. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method with a causal associative approach. The population in this study were all Malaysian chip MSME customers with an unknown number. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out with a Google form and using a Likert scale that had been tested for reliability validity. Data were analyzed by descriptive and correlation analysis. Based on the results of statistical calculations on marketing mix variables seen from product and price indicators with a percentage of 29%, the most dominant is the consideration of consumers in making purchasing decisions on Malaysian Reynia chips MSME products. The results of the research were conducted using Pearson product moment correlation analysis, it is known that the correlation coefficient of marketing mix (X) with purchasing decisions (Y) is 0.740 which is included in the strong category. The results of the hypothesis test obtained tcount> ttable, namely 8.926> 1.668 and a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. It can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the marketing mix and purchasing decisions and the hypothesis results are Ha accepted and Ho rejected.

Accounting Subject Achievement of 11th Grade Social Students at SMA Murni Bandar Baru was Influenced by Family and School Environment

This research was carried out at SMA Deli Murni Bandar Baru with the aim of describing the students' family and school environments as well as describing students' academic achievements in accounting subjects and knowing the influence of the family and school environment on students' academic achievements in accounting subjects. This research used a descriptive verification approach with a sample size of 110 students from a total population of 148. The population consisted of 11th grade of IPS (Social) students at SMA Deli Murni Bandar Baru. Sampling uses random sampling which is the method used to take samples. Information on student learning achievement was obtained from documents, while information on the home and school environment was obtained from distributing questionnaires. Estimated coefficient of determination (KD) was used to assess the data and evaluate it using Pearson product moment correlation calculations. Based on the findings of the Pearson product moment correlation calculation, a correlation of 0.468 was obtained for the family environment variable (X1) and a significance level of 0.05 for the school environment variable (X2) on student learning achievement in accounting subjects. Pay attention to the findings of the coefficient of determination for the family environment (21.9%) and the school environment (34.9%) to find out the influence. The findings of the statistical hypothesis test using the t test at a significance level of 0.05 show that the home and school environment significantly improves student learning achievement in accounting courses. Based on research findings, student learning achievement is positively influenced by the home and school environment.

Nanoscale gold nanoparticle (GNP)-laden tumor cell model and its use for estimation of intracellular dose from GNP-induced secondary electrons.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) accumulated within tumor cells have been shown to sensitize tumors to radiotherapy. From a physics point of view, the observed GNP-mediated radiosensitization is due to various downstream effects of the secondary electron (SE) production from internalized GNPs such as GNP-mediated dose enhancement. Over the years, numerous computational investigations on GNP-mediated dose enhancement/radiosensitization have been conducted. However, such investigations have relied mostly on simple cellular geometry models and/or artificial GNP distributions. Thus, it is at least desirable, if not necessary, to conduct further investigations using cellular geometry models that properly reflect realistic cell morphology as well as internalized GNP distributions at the nanoscale. The primary aim of this study was to develop a nanometer-resolution geometry model of a GNP-laden tumor cell for computational investigations of GNP-mediated dose enhancement/radiosensitization. The secondary aim was to demonstrate the utility of this model by quantifying GNP-induced SE tracks/dose distribution at sub-cellular levels for further validation of a nanoscopic dose point kernel (nDPK) method against full-fledged Geant4 Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a single cell showing cytoplasm, cellular nucleus, and internalized GNPs in the cellular endosome was segmented into sub-cellular levels based on pixel value thresholding. A corresponding material density was allocated to each pixel, and, by adding a thickness, each pixel was transformed to a geometric voxel and imported as a Geant4-acceptable input geometry file. In Geant4-Penelope MC simulation, a clinical 6MV photon beam was applied, vertically or horizontally to the cell surface, and energy deposition to the cellular nucleus and cytoplasm, due to SEs emitted by internalized GNPs, was scored. Next, nDPK calculations were performed by generating virtual electron tracks from each GNP voxel to all nucleus and cytoplasm voxels. Subsequently, another set of Geant4 simulation was performed with both Penelope and DNA physics models under the geometry closely mimicking in vitro cell irradiation with a clinical 6MV photon beam, allowing for derivation of nDPK specific to this geometry and further comparison between Gean4 simulation and nDPK method. The Geant4-calculated SE tracks and associated energy depositions showed significant dependence on photon incidence angle. For perpendicular incidence, nDPK results showed good agreement (average percentage pixel-to-pixel difference of 0.4% for cytoplasm and 0.5% for nucleus) with Geant4 results, while, for parallel incidence, the agreement became worse (-1.7%-0.7% for cytoplasm and -5.5%-0.8% for nucleus). Under the 6MV cell irradiation geometry, nDPK results showed reasonable agreement (pixel-to-pixel Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient of 0.91 for cytoplasm and 0.98 for nucleus) with Geant4 results. The currently developed TEM-based model of a GNP-laden cell offers unprecedented details of realistic intracellular GNP distributions for nanoscopic computational investigations of GNP-mediated dose enhancement/radiosensitization. A benchmarking study performed with this model showed reasonable agreement between Geant4- and nDPK-calculated intracellular dose deposition by SEs emitted from internalized GNPs, especially under perpendicular incidence - a popular cell irradiation geometry and when the Geant4-Penelope physics model was used.

Factors influencing women farmers’ participation in agricultural cooperatives in Ondo-State, Nigeria

Cooperative societies provide channels for sharing of input where women farmers can pool their limited resources together to maximize agricultural output and food security in rural areas. This study, therefore, analyzed factors influencing women farmers participation in agricultural cooperatives in Ondo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the research were to describe socio-economic characteristics of women farmer’s participation in agricultural cooperative societies, determine the level of participation of women farmers in agricultural cooperatives and examine factors that motivate participation. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Likert type scale, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. The results revealed that women farmers in the study area were average aged (42.9 years) and mostly possessed tertiary education (38.3%), mean annual income (₦777,846) with farm size (0.8 hectares). The level of participation in agricultural cooperative is high (60.4%). Accessibility to loan (M. S= 3.50), getting information (M. S= 3.42) and input facility (M. S= 3.40) were top most factors that influenced participation in cooperatives among the women. At P< 0.05, Age, marital status and income realized per annum were positively significant to the level of participation in cooperatives. The study recommends the timely provision of loan to enable women farmers expand the scope of their farming activities, increased access to training programs for women farmer leaders in cooperatives as well as extension education should also be intensified.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Improving Student Self-Efficacy

This study analyzes the influence of emotional intelligence on students' self-efficacy in an educational context. This research highlights the importance of good emotion management to maximize emotional intelligence, which impacts the ability to follow lessons and self-management in educational settings, especially in facing academic demands and life in the 21st century. This quantitative study involved 52 respondents who filled out a Google Form questionnaire. The instrument used consisted of 40 items measuring emotional intelligence and self-efficacy scales. The prerequisite tests included normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests, while data analysis techniques employed regression with Pearson product-moment correlation approach. The results showed that emotional intelligence significantly affects students' self-efficacy, with a regression coefficient of 0.740 and a determination coefficient of 0.538. The significance of 0.000 (<0.05) indicates that emotional intelligence influences self-efficacy by 53.80%, while the remaining 46.20% is influenced by other variables not examined. This study concludes that emotional intelligence is important in enhancing students' self-efficacy, making it essential to develop it within the educational context. The implications of these findings emphasize the need for educational strategies that can enhance emotional intelligence to support academic success and students' personal development.

Physical Fitness Level of Students State Police School (SPN) Selopamioro in 2021

The objective of this research is to determine (1) the correlation between sleeping patterns and physical fitness of the women’s basketball extracurricular participants. (2) the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness of female basketball extracurricular participants. (3) the relationship between sleep patterns and physical activity with the physical fitness of female basketball extracurricular members of SMA Negeri 2 Klaten (Klaten 2 High School). The type of this research was a descriptive quantitative study. The method used the correlation method. The data analysis technique to test the hypothesis used Pearson's product moment correlation technique and multiple correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a positive and significant correlation between sleeping patterns and physical fitness, as shown by the calculated r value is greater than r table at 0.388 > 0.339. (2) There is a positive and significant correlation between physical activities and physical fitness, with the calculated r-value is greater than the r table at 0.425 > 0.339. (3) There is a positive and significant correlation between sleeping patterns and physical activities toward physical fitness, with the calculated F value is greater than the F table at 6.190 > 3.295.

United States Marine Corps Recruit Training Demands Associated With Performance Outcomes.

United States Marine Corps' (USMC) recruit training is a 13-week program designed to maximize physical and mental performance adaptations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the training demands and characteristics that are associated with performance outcomes during USMC recruit training. A total of 196 recruits (M = 97 and W = 99) were monitored and tested throughout training. Laboratory-based performance testing occurred at the start of weeks 2 and 11 and consisted of body mass assessments, countermovement vertical jump, and isometric mid-thigh pull. Military-specific performance testing occurred twice within the first 8 weeks of training and included the physical fitness test (PFT) and combat fitness test (CFT) implemented by the USMC. Resilience data were collected at week 2 using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Workload, sleep, and stress responses were monitored at weeks 2, 7, and 11. Recruits were provided with a wearable tracking device which utilized heart rate and accelerometry-based technology to determine energy expenditure (EE), distances (DIS), and sleep metrics. Data were averaged over a 3-day period. Salivary cortisol testing occurred at the start of each monitoring week. Change scores were calculated for performance tests, and body mass was calculated from data obtained at week 2 to week 11. Area under the curve was calculated for the workload, sleep metrics, and cortisol responses using the trapezoidal method. Pearson product-moment correlations (r) were used to assess the relationships between training demands and performance. An α level of 0.05 was used to establish significance. A moderate positive correlation was found between changes in body mass and peak power (P < .001; r = 0.43). Weak positive correlations were found between changes in body mass and peak force (P = .002; r = 0.28), as well as body mass and resilience (P = .03; r = 0.19). A moderate negative correlation was observed between changes in body mass and PFT (P < .001; r = -0.49). A weak negative correlation was found between changes in body mass and EE (P = .003; r = -0.24). A weak negative correlation was found between changes in peak power and EE (P = .001; r = -0.29). A weak positive correlation was found between changes in peak power and changes in CFT (P = .05; r = 0.19) A weak negative correlation was found between changes in sleep continuity and CFT (P = .02; r = -0.20). A weak negative correlation was found between cortisol and changes in PFT (P = .05; r = -0.20). A weak negative correlation was found between cortisol and both EE (P = .001; r = -0.27) and DIS (P = .045; r = -0.16). A weak negative correlation was found between EE and sleep continuity (P < .001; r = -0.34). Weak negative correlations were found between sleep duration and both DIS (P = .01; r = -0.18) and steps (P = .003; r = -0.21). Increases in body mass throughout training were positively associated with strength and power changes, but negatively related to PFT scores. Changes in peak power related to improvements in CFT scores; however, higher workloads (i.e., EE) were negatively associated with peak power. The identification of the USMC physical and physiological training demands that are associated with performance outcomes may be a valuable resource to guide conditioning efforts to boost military readiness.

Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Enhancing Fundamental Arithmetic Operations

This study utilized the descriptive correlational design to determine the effectiveness of Peer tutoring in enhancing Fundamental Arithmetic Operations of the fifty-two (52) learners in Grade III-Lily and Jasmine of U-og Elementary School, Inabanga, Bohol. Most of the respondents were at the age of 9 and majority were female. A researchers-made survey questionnaire was used as tool in gathering the data. The gathered data were tallied and analyzed using frequency count, simple percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to test the relationship between Peer tutoring and Fundamental Arithmetic Operations. Results showed that the computed r-value 0.413782 was higher than the critical r-value 0.2732 at 0.05 level of significance with 50 degrees of freedom, so the null hypothesis was rejected. Therefore, there was a significant relationship between Peer tutoring and Fundamental Arithmetic Operations which implied that peer tutoring is one of the strategies that may help and assist learners in enhancing fundamental arithmetic operations.

Organizational Factors Influencing Good Governance Application of Thai Higher Education Institutions

The purposes of this research were: (1) to study organizational factors of Thai Higher Education Institutions; (2) to study good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions; (3) to find a relationship between organizational factors and good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions; and (4) to analyze organizational factors influencing good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions. The samples used in this study were 350 employees working in Thai Higher Education Institutions in Bangkok and suburban areas. The instrument used to collect data was a research questionnaire. Statistics used in this research consisted of percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA). The research results showed that: 1) The opinions of respondents towards organizational factors of Thai Higher Education Institutions, in total, were at a high level. In particular, an organizational culture was perceived at the highest level, followed by organizational leadership and organizational structure; 2) Good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions, in total, was perceived at a high level. In particular, accountability had the highest mean value, followed by participation, virtue, rule of law, economy, and transparency; 3) Organizational factors were positively related to good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions; and 4) Organizational factors had a significant influence on good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions at the .01 level of statistical significance. Organizational leadership had the highest influence on good governance application of Thai Higher Education Institutions, followed organizational culture and organizational structure respectively.

Dynamics of Perceived Stress, Stress Appraisal, and Coping Strategies in an Evolving Educational Landscape.

In the evolving landscape of education, college teachers often find themselves at the crossroads of myriad stressors, ranging from institutional demands to personal challenges. Understanding the factors that influence their stress perceptions and coping mechanisms is pivotal, not just for their well-being, but also for the overall quality of education imparted. This study sought to investigate the intricate relationships between gender, marital status, institutional affiliation, and their collective impacts on perceived stress, stress appraisal, and coping strategies among college teachers. A sample of 300 college teachers, evenly split with reference to gender, was engaged. Employing tools including Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Stress Appraisal Measure (SAM), and Brief COPE, the analysis of the study used independent samples t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation to derive insights. Findings revealed pronounced gender disparities in stress perception and appraisal, with women teachers manifesting heightened levels. Marital status emerged as a significant modulator of stress and coping, with married teachers depicting nuanced stress and its appraisal with reported coping strategies compared to their unmarried peers. Furthermore, a significant variance in perceived stress and coping was observed between teachers of private and governmental institutions, with private institution teachers displaying elevated stress levels. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of stress experiences among college teachers in Pakistan, influenced by a blend of personal and institutional determinants. These insights are pivotal for institutions aiming to enhance the well-being and effectiveness of their teachers. However, given the specific cultural context of the study, there is an imperative for more global, comparative research, ensuring holistic support mechanisms for teachers worldwide.

Factors Affecting User Satisfaction of Local Van (Songthaew): A Case Study of The Local Van (Songthaew) Route 1263 In Pattanakarn Road Soi 20, Bangkok

The research aims to identify the factors affecting satisfaction and suggestions from users of local van (songthaew) route 1263. This will propose measures to manage the operations and improve level of satisfaction. The researcher has established a set of questionnaires for 400 random respondents and using Multiple Regression Analysis to determine the correlation between factors that affect satisfaction. Discover correlations between factors influencing satisfaction using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. It was found that factors affecting user satisfaction of local van (songthaew) route 1263 in Pattanakarn road soi 20 by the average satisfaction score of the factors that affect satisfaction (Y1) would be management (X1), physical aspects of vehicles (X2), service (X3), safety (X4) and environment (X5). The equation of predicting satisfaction is Y1 = -2.164E-15 + 0.148 X1 + 0.333 X2 + 0.259 X3 + 0.148 X4 + 0.111X5 The variables can predict the overall satisfaction (Y1) with adjusted R-Square all four factors have equivalent to 1.000 for accuracy (100.0%), the relationship between variables is equal to 1.000. The above equation shows the overall satisfaction across all with an average predictive value (Predicted Y1) of 3.28 (moderate satisfaction). There is a correlation (Pearson Correlation) among there five factors and their satisfaction in the order of the relationship as follow: service (r = 0.764), safety (r = 0.739), environment (r = 0.638), physical aspects of vehicles (r = 0.236) and management (r = 0.058) a significant relationship except for management. The top three additional suggestions from users are installation of GPS systems on the local van (songthaew) route 1263 for convenient passenger tracking (23.0%), decreasing the running time (15.5%), and repairing damaged seats (14.5%). Prioritizing the bus operations management and safety regulations must be established by relevant governmental agencies to promote customer satisfaction. Vehicle examinations must strictly adhere to substantial practices. Operators should receive training on safe driving and outstanding service to boost passenger confidence and service. User suggestions regarding the management are, for example, an appropriate schedule and bus operation punctuality. There should be collaboration between government agencies and the private sector in order to accommodate passengers on main public transportation while connecting with local ones. A public hearing among stakeholders from both the private and governmental sectors should be held in order to gain ideas for improvement, such as fare promotion. Customer satisfaction will be improved if the above measures, along with all other recommendations, are taken into serious consideration by the operator and government agencies.

العلاقة بين استيعاب المفردات وتحصيل الطالبات التعليمي في مهارة الكلام للصف الأول من المتوسط بمعهد عبد الله بن مسعود أساهان

Speaking skill is a productive skill that involves the process of learning various aspects of the Arabic language. To acquire this skill, one needs to understand grammar, morphology, vocabulary, style, and meanings. Proficiency in speaking Arabic requires comprehension of the elements and rules of the language, including vocabulary acquisition, sentence structure, speech context, and the ability to understand the speaker's language. Vocabulary is a very important linguistic element that must be mastered, used in both spoken and written language. This issue leads to weaknesses in vocabulary comprehension and the presence of excuses for not speaking Arabic in certain situations. The methodology used in this research is a quantitative correlational method, and the data analysis technique employed is the statistical method using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient. The research results indicate that there is a moderate positive correlation between vocabulary comprehension and students' academic achievement in speaking skills for the first-grade students at the Abdullah bin Masoud Institute in Asahan, with a correlation coefficient value of 0.474.

Pengaruh Lingkungan Madrasah Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir Kabupaten Tulungagung

Basically, each student's learning motivation is different. A safe, comfortable and peaceful madrasah environment will increase student motivation in learning, so that learning goals can be achieved well. In this case, researchers are interested in researching the influence of the Madrasah environment on students' learning motivation at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency. The formulation of the problem taken in this research is whether there is an influence of the madrasa environment on the learning motivation of MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir Tulungagung Regency students? Meanwhile, the aim of this research is to determine the influence of the madrasa environment on the learning motivation of students at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency. This research uses a survey research method with a quantitative research type. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires and documentation. The population was 176 and the sample was 36 students taken from 20% of the total population using the Probability Sampling technique. The research results obtained were based on hypothesis testing using Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The values ​​obtained are the Pearson correlation value is 0.833 &gt; 0.3291 and the significance value is 0.000 &lt; 0.05. This means that hypothesis testing shows that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that the madrasa environment influences the learning motivation of students at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency.

A bi-level mode decomposition framework for multi-step wind power forecasting using deep neural network

The proportion of wind energy in global energy structure is growing rapidly, promoting the development of wind power forecasting (WPF) technologies to solve the uncertainty and intermittence of wind power generation. However, the nonlinear and stochastic features of wind power time series restrain the accuracy of multi-step prediction performance. A multi-step WPF (MS-WPF) approach based on a time series bi-level empirical mode decomposition (BLEMD) method and BiLSTM neural network is proposed in this paper to improve the WPF accuracy of regional wind power generators. Since the uncertainty is always generated through coupled factors from both wind and weather-to-power conversion, the linearity feature is first introduced as an aspect apart from the frequency in the proposed approach to decompose the wind power time sequence data. The proposed BLEMD introduces Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient to evaluate the linearity of time series and a linearity-based decomposition algorithm is designed accordingly. To further enhance the precision and release computation burdens, a DL-based prediction strategy, including a BiLSTM network, a CNN-BiLSTM network, and a mean weight estimation method are implemented to predict the components separately. The proposed method only relies on local data, greatly reducing the data acquisition and computation cost. The precision of the proposed MS-WPF is verified by a 2.5 kW wind turbine with horizons from 5 s to 30 s, a 1.5 MW wind turbine with horizons from 10 min to 1 h, and a 51 MW wind farm with horizons from 1 h to 6 h. The comparative experimental results with other cutting-edge methods indicated that the proposed MS-WPF has superior prediction accuracy and stable performance for multi-step prediction.

The Relationship of Independent Learning with Student Learning Outcomes in Electrical Engineering Drawing Subject Class X of Electrical Installation at Vocational High School 2 Manado

This research aims to determine: the relationship between independent learning and learning outcomes in the electrical engineering drawing subject of the TITL Department at public vocational secondary schools 2 Manado. This study uses a quantitative approach. The type of research is correlational. This research is research involving a population with a population of 24 students. Data was collected using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Of the 22 questions tested, there were 20 valid questions with a reliability value of 0.944. The data analysis technique used is Pearson product moment correlation. The results of the research show that: (1) the average/mean learning independence of class Negeri 2 Manado is 75.74 or in the High category, and (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between learning independence and learning outcomes in the electrical engineering drawing subject of the TITL Department at public vocational secondary schools 2 Manado. This is shown by the value of r calculated being greater than r table (0.985 &gt; 0.349) and a significance value of 0.000, which means less than 0.05 (0.000&lt;0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between learning independence and learning outcomes in the electrical engineering drawing subject of the electrical engineering department, State Vocational High School 2 Manado

Pupils’ Reading Distraction and Confidence

Reading distractions is something to be eliminated to help pupils improve their comprehension to develop their reading confidence. This study aimed to determine the pupils’ level of reading distractions and confidence and its significant relationship. This employed a descriptive-correlational research design which utilized an adapted and modified questionnaire on reading distraction which included class environment factor, psychological factor and home and family factors to 235 Grade 5 pupils from North 1 District of Cagayan de Oro City Division through stratified random sampling using Slovin’s Formula. The study utilized descriptive statistics like Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for the significant relationship. Results showed that pupils’ overall reading is less distracted especially in class environment factor but most of the time distracted as to psychological and as to home and family factors. Also, pupils have reading confidence most of the time. Pupils’ reading distraction and reading confidence have moderate negative correlation. Thus, pupils’ reading confidence is not developed well when they are distracted. The more their reading is distracted, the lesser their reading confidence. The lesser their reading is distracted, the more their reading confidence increases. Teachers and family members may help promote a conducive place for reading, free from distractions to sustain the pupils’ reading confidence.

Parental Engagement and Pupils’ Reading Performance

Parents’ engagement in the education of their children is significant to the child’s growth and development, especially in reading. This study was undertaken to identify the level of parental engagement at home and in school; to find out the level of the pupils' reading performance in English and Filipino subjects, and to find the significant relationship between parental engagement and the pupils’ reading performance. The study was conducted in Villanueva South District, Division of Misamis Oriental, with one hundred forty-five (145) grade 6 pupils as actual respondents. The study employed a descriptive correlational research design, which included a quantitative approach to collecting numerical data through a questionnaire and content analysis on their reading performance via the Phil-IRI tool. It also used frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, as well as the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, or Pearson (r). to find the relationships among the variables. It revealed that parental engagement was at a moderate level with more emphasis on engagement at home. Pupils’ reading performance was also at a moderate reading level with better performance in Filipino than in English. Moreover, parental engagement showed a significant relationship with reading performance. It is recommended that teachers and parents work together for better outcomes

Parental Support and Pupils’ Observed Values

Parental support helps in developing children's observed values, moral guidance, social behaviors, and general character development. This study was undertaken to determine the level of parental support to pupils’ classroom performance in terms of attendance, behavior, and reading; to determine the level of pupils’ observed values in terms of makatao, maka-Diyos, makakalikasan, at makabansa; and find the significant relationship between the levels of parental support to pupils’ observed values. The study was conducted in three schools of Alubijid West District, Division of Misamis Oriental with one hundred thirty-seven (137) Grade 5 pupils as actual respondents selected through purposive universal sampling. The study used a descriptive correlational research design with documentary analysis which incorporated a quantitative approach in gathering numerical data through a questionnaire. It also used Mean and Standard Deviation and Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). Results showed that in the level of parental support to pupil’s classroom performance, Behavior got the highest at Very High Support Level. On the level of pupils’ observed values, Makabansa got the highest at Always Observed Level. Moderate positive correlation between the two variables was evident and it shows that there was a significant relationship between the level of parental support in terms of attendance, behavior, and reading to pupils’ observed values. Thus, parental support to pupils’ classroom performance is essential not only for increased academic performance but more importantly the improved core values which are necessary for the holistic development of a child. It is recommended that parents may support their children's classroom performance by creating regular study time at home and maintaining open communication with children and with their teachers.

Teachers’ Job Gratification and Service Performance

Teachers' job gratification is vital as it significantly affects their dedication, enthusiasm, and efficiency in the classroom. This study sought to ascertain the extent of teachers’ job gratification concerning job security, work environment, job responsibilities, and community linkages/attachments, the level of teachers’ service performance, and the significant relationship between the teachers’ job gratification and their service performance at work. The study was carried out in five (5) schools of Jasaan North District, Schools Division of Misamis Oriental. It employed a descriptive-correlational design along with documentary analysis. This study utilized an adapted and modified questionnaire given to the selected teachers (n=143) using the purposive sampling technique. The gathered data were analyzed and interpreted using various descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, and the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. Results revealed that respondents have a very high level of job gratification, with Job Security having the highest mean and Community Linkage/Attachments got the lowest mean. Teachers demonstrated a very satisfactory level of service performance. A significant relationship was found between teachers' job gratification and their service performance. Thus, the higher job satisfaction among teachers the better their performance. Schools may continue to foster a supportive and collaborative work environment that boosts teachers' job satisfaction and enhances their performance, ultimately benefiting students and the broader school community.

Cooperative Learning Strategies and Students’ Well-being

Cooperative learning is an instructional method which enables students to actively participate and work together in a collaborative manner. This study examined the extent to which students participate in cooperative learning and assessed their level of welfare. Furthermore, it examined the relationship between the degree of students' collaborative learning and their level of overall welfare. The study employed a descriptive-correlational and causal research approach. The study employed a researcher-developed questionnaire and utilized stratified random sampling with Slovin's Formula. The survey was done to 294 pupils from East II District, Division of Cagayan de Oro City. The study employed descriptive statistics such as Mean and Standard Deviation, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient to determine significant relationships, and multiple linear regression for finding which cooperative learning strategies singly or in combination influence/s the students’ well-being. Results reveal that students most of the time participate in cooperative learning strategies especially in peer support. Their overall well-being is most of the time moderate. Cooperative learning strategies have moderately positive correlation with the students’ overall well-being especially the peer support. Thus, cooperative learning strategies can be enhanced, implemented and integrated during teaching-learning delivery to holistically develop the overall students’ well-being.