Pearson's Moment Correlation Research Articles

Frequency of Performance-Based Assessments in Secondary School Computer Studies and Its Influence on Students’ Innovation Capacity in Kandara Sub-County, Kenya

The central purpose of carrying out this study was to establish the extent to which the frequency of Performance-Based Assessments (PBAs) in secondary school Computer Studies influences students’ innovation capacity. A correlational research design was used to conduct the study. Stratified sampling using proportional allocation and random sampling were used to select a total of 313 Computer Studies students from a target population of 1561 students. Data on the frequency of PBAs and students’ innovation capacity was collected through Computer Studies Students questionnaire whose Cronbach Alpha coefficient,a for internal consistency was 0.817. Pearson moment correlation and simple linear regression were used to analyze data inferentially. The study found a low frequency of PBA use in Computer Studies in the secondary schools which had negatively influenced students’ innovation capacity. The study recommends an increased frequency of PBAs in the subject’s curriculum implementation and close monitoring of Computer Studies PBAs implementation in order to ensure that teachers implement them more often. Keywords: Performance-Based Assessments, innovation, innovation capacity, secondary school, Computer Studies DOI: 10.7176/JEP/12-30-08 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

EVALUATION AS A TOOL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SELECTED TECHNICAL AND VOCATION INSTITUTIONS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE, NIGERIA.

The study was carried out to explore the evaluation practices carried out in selected technical and vocational institutions. This is a survey study conducted in Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria. It involved three hundred (300) students and one hundred and twenty (120) teaching staff. The study was guided by three (3) research questions. Data were collected using two questionnaires titled: Students’ questionnaire on Evaluation methods (SQEM) and teaching staff perception questionnaire on the role of Evaluation (TSPQRE). Data collected were analysed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, mean and Standard Deviation) and Pearson moment correlation. The result of the study revealed that most of the students agreed that evaluation carried out in their institution is mostly summative evaluation where students are assessed only at the end of the semester or mid semester tests. Findings of the study also showed that teaching staff agreed that evaluation is a means of improving teaching and learning in schools and there is also a relationship between teaching staff working experience and their perception of evaluation as a means of improving teaching and learning. It was recommended that teaching staff should use different methods to evaluate their students in order to improve teaching and learning in their institutions.

Development Of Speech Material For An Armenian Speech Recognition Threshold Test

Introduction — For the Armenian language, no standardized audiometric speech perception test is available. The purpose of this research was to develop, digitally record and evaluate an Armenian multisyllabic speech audiometry test, which can be used to measure speech recognition thresholds in Armenian native speakers. Material and Methods — To create a homogeneous multisyllabic speech corpus, Armenian numerals from 10-100 with 2-4 syllables were selected as general sample and digitally recorded by a female native Armenian speaker. For equalizing the speech recognition threshold between the test items, the speech discrimination function for each numeral was subsequently evaluated by five normal hearing native Armenian listeners in an experimental study. Results — Based on the phonemic structure of the Armenian language, 20 phonemically homogeneous test lists were created. The phoneme distributions of each test list correlated significantly and positively with that of the general sample (all Pearson moment correlation coefficients >0.960; all ps <0.001). Comparison of the phoneme distributions of test lists to that of the Armenian language showed that the test lists represent the language corpus quite well. After adjusting for actual threshold levels, speech discrimination functions are comparable between all numerals used. Conclusion — The developed test lists are a phonetically homogenous representation of the Armenian language and serve as an appropriated base for future clinical measurements of speech recognition threshold in Armenian speaking listeners.

The Relationships Between Music Performance Anxiety and the Mindfulness Levels of Music Teacher Candidates

In this study the relationships between the Music Performance Anxiety (MPA) levels and mindfulness levels of Music Teacher Candidates (MTC) were investigated. A large sample of undergraduate students (N = 524) from seven different universities from around Turkey took place in the study. The data was collected with both Kenny’s MPA inventory and the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. The Pearson Moments Correlation Coefficient was used in determining the relationships between the MPA and mindfulness levels of the MTC. To determine whether the MPA of students and mindfulness differ in terms of piano lesson achievement and daily piano practice time (DPPT) variables, a variance analysis (ANOVA) and a Kruskal Wallis H test analyses were used. Students’ mindfulness levels were negatively correlated with their MPA levels. Their piano lesson achievement levels had positive relationship with mindfulness and a negative relationship with their MPA. Similarly, their DPPT had a positive relationship with mindfulness and a negative relationship with MPA.

Impact of Mathematics Anxiety on the Academic Performance of Junior High School Pupils in the Bongo District of Ghana Stanley Appiah Essuman, Josephine Nyarko, Kwarteng Frimpong

This study aimed to explore the impact of mathematics anxiety on the academic performance of junior high school pupils in the Bongo district of Ghana. In this study, 492 pupils in the Bongo District of the Upper East Region of Ghana were sampled. Using a questionnaire to gather data for the study, Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as the independent samples t-test, one-way between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Moment Correlation were used for analysis. Findings from the study identified that mathematics anxiety negatively affects the mathematics performance of pupils and the study also revealed that, gender plays a very key role in influence the mathematics anxiety of pupils. Based on the findings, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should teach Mathematics with the psychology of teaching and learning the subject to prepare pupils’ for the subject.

Influence of Organizational Culture and Innovation on Banks’ Performance: A Quantitative Approach

The study examines the influence of organizational culture and innovation on banks’ performance with particular reference to the selected banks in Nigeria. Data were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to the 175 employees of Zenith bank, Guaranty bank, First bank United Bank for Africa, and Eco bank located in Ibadan metropolis. Pearson Moment correlation and regression model were used to analyse the data. The study established that organizational culture and innovation jointly and independently influence banks’ performance. It was also established that organizational culture has a direct and positive association with innovation. It was concluded that organizational culture and innovation are major strategies for the banking sector to wax stronger minds global competitive environment and COVID-19 syndrome. Therefore, Nigerian banks encourage their staff members to create innovative ideas and provide them the right reward to establish an innovative culture in the organization. This study practically provides a useful recommendation to the Nigerian banks on the significance of organizational culture and innovation and their contribution to performance.

Assessment of the Impact of Rainfall Variability on Drinking Water Production at Treatment Plants in Nzoia River Basin, Kenya

Increased wet season rainfall is associated with improved water supply at point water sources and improved river flows and water reservoir levels. For piped water supply schemes with surface water intakes, this is supposed to enhance operations since there is adequate raw water unlike in the dry season where operations are interrupted due to insufficient flows. However, this is not the case in Nzoia River Basin as established by this study. As rainfall increases, drinking water production in treatment plants at Moi’s Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia water supplies decrease and vice versa. Nzoia River Basin is one of the regions that is highly vulnerable to climate variability in Kenya, hence understanding rainfall variability and trends is important for better water resources management and especially drinking water supply. This study aimed at assessing rainfall variability and trends for 3 rainfall stations in Nzoia River Basin; Leissa Farm Kitale, Webuye Agricultural Office and Bunyala Irrigation Scheme and its impact on drinking water production at Moi’s Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia water supplies treatment plants. The rainfall data used in this study covers 31 years period from 1970 to 2001 and was obtained from the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD), Nairobi, Kenya. Monthly water supply production data for Moi’s Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia water supplies covering 15 years period from 2000 to 2014 was obtained from the County governments of Uasin Gishu, Kakamega and Busia. Rainfall variability and trend was analysed using the parametric test of Linear regression analysis and the non-parametric Mann Kendall statistical test. Monthly rainfall and monthly drinking water production was analysed using Pearson moment correlation to establish the relationship between monthly rainfall and monthly drinking water supply production at Mois Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia Water supplies treatment plants. The results of variability and trend in annual rainfall shows Webuye Agricultural Office recording declining rainfall at -0.8994 mm/31 years (-0.029 mm/ year); whereas Leissa Farm Kitale shows increasing rainfall at 1.0325 mm/31 years (0.033 mm/ year) and Bunyala Irrigation Scheme’s rainfall is increasing at 0.5245 mm/31 years (0.017 mm/ year). Drinking water supply production at Moi’s Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia water supplies has been increasing with time between 2000 and 2014. The results of Pearson moment correlation coefficient shows a strong negative relationship between monthly rainfall and monthly drinking water supply production at 0.05 significance level for Moi’s Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia water supplies. This shows that as rainfall increases, drinking water supply production in treatment plants at Moi’s Bridge, Lumakanda and Busia water supplies decreases. During the rainy season, the cost of water treatment goes up as a result of increased turbidity. Increased rainfall in Nzoia River Basin presents water treatment challenges to the existing water supply treatment plants resulting into reduced production.Water supply managers should improve the capacity of the existing water supply treatment plants to cope with the increased rainfall variability under the changing climatic conditions.

Influence of Interventions of Non-governmental Organisations on Farmers' Socio-economic Development in Soy Sub County, Kenya

NGOs have taken a leading role in the development of Kenya. Several NGOs with both local and international funding have been in the forefront in fighting poverty, and ignorance among farmers. Despite all these significant efforts made by NGOs in Kenya, no much research has been carried out to establish the effects of interventions by NGO on social economic development. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Self-reliance assistance on socio economic development in Soy Sub County, Kenya. The study was based on Social Exchange Theory developed by George C. Homans in between 1910–1989 .a s the main theory. The study adopted a cross sectional research design. The target population for this study was 1,580 registered farmers with a sample size of 158 respondents based on Mugenda and Mugenda (2003), a sample size of 10% of the total population is considered adequate. Simple random sampling was used to select the respondents. Primary data was collected in the study for analysis. The study relied on a structured questionnaire as the main tool for data collection. The data obtained from the study was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. In descriptive statistics the study used frequencies, mean and standard deviation while in inferential statistics the study Anova and Pearson moment correlation. The findings indicated that self-reliance assistance r=0.896 and the p-value is .000 had positive high correlation to farmers' socio-economic development in Soy Sub County, therefore it was concluded that self-reliance assistance positively and significantly influence farmers' socio-economic development in Soy Sub County. The study recommended that Government, private sector and NGOs should collaborate to establish a mechanism for a better and efficient approach to providing skilled capacity, need to adopt prudent resource management and develop organization culture that prudently utilizes resources for the optimum good of the society and the NGOs can train community members for services extension purposes. The trained members can be used to reach the other community members who may not have the benefit of accessing the offices and any other important information.

Emotional Abuse and Psychological Well-Being among Arranged Marriage Keralites

Quality of relationship plays a significant role in the lives of individuals with a great influence in their mental well-being, social behavior and productivity. Emotional abuse can be felt as destructive and damaging as physical abuse, and can severely impact mental health. It is often used as a way to maintain power and control over someone. The study intends to identify the relationship between Emotional Abuse and Psychological well-being among arranged marriage keralites. Two questionnaires were distributed to a group of married people (N=36 Males and N= 37 Females). A total of 73 people were selected from different states of Kerala. Quantitative approach was used along with descriptive research design and the sampling technique was convenient sampling. Emotional Abuse questionnaire (Jacobson et al.1994) was used to measure Emotional Abuse and PGI General Well-being measure (Verma et al.1989) was used to check psychological well-being. Pearson moment correlation and independent sample t test was incorporated to reach the findings. According to Pearson Correlation, there was a negative correlation between emotional abuse and psychological well-being among arranged marriage Keralites. Independent sample t test was computed on gender and results were found to be accepting the null hypothesis, there is no significant difference in emotional abuse and psychological well-being between males and females.

Teachers’ Perception on the Challenges of Utilizing Problem-Based Learning in Teaching Computer Science in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis

This study investigated teachers’ perception on the challenges of utilizing Problem-Based Learning in teaching computer science in public senior secondary schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. This study adopted descriptive research design. Two research questions and hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. The population for the study comprised one hundred (100) computer science teachers in the thirty six (36) public senior secondary schools located in Port Harcourt metropolis of Rivers State. Census sampling procedure was used to obtain one hundred (100) computer science teachers as the sample size due to the manageable size of the entire population. A structured questionnaire titled “Teachers’ Challenges of Utilizing Problem-Based Learning in Teaching Computer Science in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Port Harcourt Metropolis” (CUPOBALETCOS) was used for collection of data. The questionnaire was validated by experts. Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the instrument which gave a value of 0.84. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyse data and test of hypotheses was done with the use of z-test statistics. Results obtained from the findings revealed that the challenges of utilizing the Problem-Based Learning approach in teaching computer science and the aids to the utilization of this approach in teaching computer science were highly perceived by computer science teachers in senior secondary schools in the metropolis of Port Harcourt, Rivers State in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended that: Professional programmes, in addition to training exercise, need to be carried out frequently to enable teachers to get acquainted with the utilization of innovative teaching approaches and combat the associated challenges. Administrative duties or demands of teachers should be adjusted in order to have enough time for utilization of innovative teaching practices in the classroom. Curriculum for Problem-Based Learning should be fully introduced in the secondary and primary school education, so as to have facilitators who can help students by facilitating the Problem-Based Learning practices in the learning environment.

Religious Orientation, Academic Stress and Religious Coping among First Year Undergraduate Students

The study aimed to assess the prevalence of religious orientation, academic stress, and the use religion as a means to cope with academic stress among first-year undergraduates. The sample consisted of 321 first year students from five faculties of a religiously oriented public university in Malaysia. The data were collected using three separated instruments: a Religious Coping Questionnaire, an Academic Stress Scale, and an Orientation Scale. Frequency analysis was used to examine the prevalence of stress, and religious orientation, while Pearson moment correlation was used to analyze the relationship among the three main constructs: religious coping, religious orientation and academic stress. The analysis ran an independent sample t-test to check for gender-differences in academic stress, religious coping and academic stress. The results showed high incidences of the religious orientation and religious coping among the sample of undergraduates, but no significant gender differences. The study substantiated that one of the means by which the first year students reduced their academic stress is through religious coping and religious orientation.

Investigation of isotropic radiation of low energy X-ray intra-operative radiotherapy by MAGAT gel dosimeter

PurposeIsotropy as a quality assurance aspect of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) needs to be evaluated accurately. There are some main problems associated with isotropy investigations by two dimensional dosimeters including limited positions and distances in which isotropy can be measured and long irradiation time needed for isotropy evaluation. In this study, isotropic radiation accuracy of spherical applicators of low energy X-ray IORT was estimated by the use of MAGAT gel as a three dimensional gel dosimeter and a specified IORT phantom. MethodsDesigned IORT phantom was manufactured by multi-axis computer numerical control machine (CNC) using Plexiglas. To investigate isotropy, methacrylic acid, gelatin and tetrakis phosphonium chloride (MAGAT) gel dosimeters embedded in the phantom holes were irradiated with a 50 kV X-ray IORT device to 18 Gy at the surface of the vials. Then, relative dose deviations of output doses from their average were extracted from MRI images of the gel vials in different positions and distances from the 50-mm spherical applicator. ResultsThe percentages of relative deviations of output doses from the average value were less than 8% in all positions which are within the 15% acceptance limit of isotropy radiation. Moreover, a Pearson-moment correlation analysis showed a Pearson's r equal to 0.99–1 for different polar and azimuth angles representing isotropic radiation emission of X-ray IORT. ConclusionIsotropy of IORT can be easily investigated using gel dosimeters by applying the produced phantom which solved the issues facing three-dimensional measurement of isotropic radiation of IORT X-ray source (XRS).

Leadership Style and Organizational Culture as Correlate of Job Satisfaction Among Agricultural Training Institute’s Workers in Kwara State, Nigeria

Background: The workplace is a complex and cultured environment that requires intellectual leadership and a different degree of management style due to global economic competitiveness.
 Objective: The objectives of the study are to examine the relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction among workers in the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
 Method: This research study employed a descriptive survey research method. The total number of employees in ARTMTI in Ilorin was 762. Using a simple random sampling technique, a total of 401 respondents was randomly selected from the population of the study for questionnaire administration. 401 questionnaires were distributed out of which 325 questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed for the study. Data were analyzed using Pearson Moment Correlation on the relationships between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction.
 Result: The study found that leadership style and organizational culture were significantly correlated with job satisfaction at a 0.05 level of significance.
 Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, the study concluded that there is a relationship between leadership style, organizational culture, and job satisfaction among workers in the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
 Recommendation: The study recommended that leaders should realize that influencing the satisfaction of employees leads to higher performance and lower turnover rates among other things. Leadership in organizations should be assessed and managers should become aware of what is needed to obtain positive results from employees to improve performance.
 Originality: This article is original and there is no potential conflict of interest.

Entrepreneurship Education as an Impetus to Entrepreneurial Competence and Entrepreneurial Intentions among Polytechnic Students: A Quantitative Approach

The study examined the extent to which entrepreneurship education influence entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial intentions among the students with specific reference to the Osun State Polytechnic, Iree, Nigeria. Purposive random sampling technique was used to select 85 final year students from all the three Departments (Business Administration and Management, Marketing and Purchasing and supply) in the Faculty of Management Studies. The questionnaire was employed to collect data and scales measuring entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial competence, and entrepreneurial intentions. Mean, chi-square, Pearson Moment correlation and ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation were used to analyse the data. The result revealed that entrepreneurship education has a significant effect on entrepreneurial competence and entrepreneurial intentions among students. This implies that entrepreneurship education is an antidote to poverty, insecurity, unemployment and hunger that have been the order of the day in Nigeria. Consequently, all stakeholders in the education industry should endeavour to ensure that entrepreneurship education is properly funded and also Federal government should establish an entrepreneurial financial institution that will provide financial assistance and advisory services to graduates and non-graduates that pass through entrepreneurship education and have viable feasibility study and zeal of establishing entrepreneurial ventures.

Does Audit Committee Characteristics Promote Risk Management Practices in Nigerian Listed Firms?

There has been a huge and deluge of risk threatening industries at an unequalled magnitude in recent times. As such, the board of directors and senior executives are increasingly expected to manage their various organizations' risk portfolios, affecting their financial performance. This has led to the assigning of the risk assessment role to the audit committee. The board of directors and its audit committee play an essential function in Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) by building up the right condition or tone-at-the-top. Given the board's responsibilities for representing the interests of shareholders, it plays a vital role in overseeing management's approach to ERM. This study examined the relationship between audit committee characteristics and risk management of some selected listed firms in a developing country like Nigeria. The study used secondary data to describe the dependent variable (financial risk decomposed into credit risk and liquidity risk) and the explanatory variables (decomposed into audit committee accounting expertise, audit committee meetings, audit committee independence and audit committee gender). The study used pair sample t-test, student t-test, Pearson Moment Correlation and random panel data estimator for twenty (20) selected listed firms for 2012-2016. Findings indicate that there is a negative between audit committee accounting expertise and financial risk. This revealed that Accounting Expertise in Audit Committees are likely to involve in activities and practices to curb financial risk. In addition, the Audit committee meeting indicates a negative relationship with credit risk. Audit committee gender and audit committee independence have a negative effect on liquidity risk. Therefore, this study recommends that Audit committees embrace Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) to manage risks effectively across the organization. Risk management processes should be one of the major points of discussion during audit committee meetings.

DOES ATTACHMENT STYLE AND GENDER CORRELATE WITH SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AMONG MARRIED UNDERGRADUATES?

The study examined the relationships between attachment style and gender as correlates of subjective well-being among married undergraduates. A total of 210 students from Sociology department in Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, participated in the study. Participants consist of 80 males and 130 females. Their age ranged from 18 to 30 years, with mean age of 22.00 years and standard deviation of 1.749. Two instruments were administered for data collection: the Experiences in Close Relationship-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire which was developed by Fraley, R. C. and Shaver, P. R (2000). Also satisfaction with life scale which was developed by Dennier, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., & Griffin, S., (1985). Statistics deployed was Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient. Result show that the first hypothesis was not confirmed and the second hypothesis was not confirmed at (r = .32,p>.05). Recommendations were made in line with research findings.

CHALLENGES AMONG CANCER PATIENTS THAT MAY INFLUENCE RECOVERY OUTCOMES IN PALLIATIVE CARE UNITS IN NAIROBI AND NYERI COUNTIES

Purpose: This study sought to establish challenges among cancer patients that may influence recovery outcomes in palliative care units in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties.
 Methodology: The study adopted a correlation research design. The target population were the cancer patients, attending treatment at the three palliative care units in Nairobi and Nyeri Counties. Systematic random sampling technique was used in the study to obtain a sample of 96 participants. Semi structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics, namely Pearson Moment Correlation Coefficient(r).
 Findings: Result showed that, majority of the respondents indicated participating in the programs available at the palliative care institutions, which included; group psychotherapy (91.7%), spiritual support (91.7%) and programs on coping skills (91.7). Others (22.6%) participated in programs such as performing chorals, knitting and board games. The results also showed that 82.1% and 78.6% of the respondents noted that they experienced challenges of being isolated and lacking finances respectively. 50% of the respondents had a challenge in coping with the condition, while 2.4% experienced challenges in adhering to drugs .These findings were not unusual considering that most of the patients were newly diagnosed with cancer and for some respondent’s metastasis had set in.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy Patients facing challenges receiving palliative care could adopt group psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral, informational, non-behavioral, social support, and using unusual treatments such as music and art therapy to curb cancer. Administrators and medical staff in the palliative care units should create awareness and encourage the attending patients to source for a health insurance cover e.g. National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) to cater for the cancer disease both outpatient and incase of hospitalization. This will ease the financial burden of cancer on the patient, family and community.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN RISIKO USAHATANI CABAI MERAH DI KECAMATAN WAY SULAN KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN

This research aims to assess the income of red chili farming, the amount of risk faced by red chili farmers, and the correlation between risk and income accepted by the red chili farmers. The study was conducted in Way Sulan Sub-district of South Lampung Regency. The total samples were 56 farmers drawn using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected in March - April 2019 using questionnaires. The first aim was analyzed using the revenue-cost ratio (R/C), which is the comparison between total revenue and total cost. The second aim was analyzed by risk analysis using coefficient variation (CV) and the lower limit (L) on five planting seasons. The third aim was analyzed by Product Moment Pearson correlation. This research results showed that the red chili farming income was profitable because of R/C >1. Risk calculation on five planting seasons results showed that the value of CV<0,50 and L>0, meaning that red chili farming was still profitable in any level of risk. There was positive correlation between the amount of risk and income. It means that the higher level of expected income, the higher level of risk received by farmers. Key words: income, red chili, risk

Subjective Well Being with Antisocial Behavior in Adolescents Case of Babalan Village Wedung Demak (A Criminological Perspective)

This research aims to determine the relationship between subjective well being antisocial behavior towards adolescents. The hypothesis proposed is that there is a negative relationship between the welfare of the subject with antisocial behavior is the higher or positive well-being of the subjective, the lower the antisocial behavior of adolescents who live in the village Babalan Wedung Demak or vice versa. The subjects of the study were teenagers residing in Babalan Wedung Demak village. Sampling technique in this research by using random sampling. The measuring instrument used is the scale of subjective well-being and the scale of antisocial behavior residing in the Babalan Wedung Demak area. The data in the analysis using Product Moment Pearson correlation. Based on the analysis of Product Moment Pearson obtained rxy = -0.252 with a significance of 0.008 (p <0.01) means there is a negative relationship between the subjective well being with antisocial behavior is the higher or positive well being of the subjective than the lower antisocial behavior of adolescents residing in the village Babalan Wedung Demak. The lower or negative the well-being of the subjective, the higher the antisocial behavior in adolescents who live in Babalan Wedung Demak village. Based on the results of the analysis is also known variable well-being subjective has empirical average subjective scores on the scale of the well-being of the subject 34.51 and while the hypothetic score of 32.5. This shows that the subjective well-being in this study has a moderate average.

Stakeholder Capacity Building in Monitoring and Evaluation and Performance of Literacy and Numeracy Educational Programme in Public Primary Schools in Nairobi County, Kenya

To create a radical change within the educational system in public primary schools in Kenya, there is need to invest more on stakeholder capacity building specifically on monitoring and evaluation educational programme. The purpose of this article is to establish the extent to which stakeholder capacity building for monitoring and evaluation influence performance of literacy and numeracy educational programme. Despite numerous initiatives by key stakeholders to better performance of pupils little has been achieved. A descriptive survey research design and correlation design was adapted. Data collected from the respondents by use of questionnaires and interview guide from target population of 2052 and a sample size of 335.Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and results presented in tables and figures. Pearson moment correlation coefficient (r) were computed. The coefficient determination of R2 is 0.456 this is an indicator that R2 was the coefficient of determination of this model and it depicted that data collection explained 46%. The remaining 54% was explained by other factors. The overall F statistics 233.446 with p-0.00b<0 0.05 implying there is statistically significant relationship between stakeholder capacity building and performance of literacy and numeracy educational programme. The research suggests that stakeholder capacity building is part of the Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation process, so it must be observed at all stages to ensure educational programme are implemented to the latter by bringing on board all the key stakeholders in education and particularly in literacy and numeracy skills aspects