Pearson Correlation Value Research Articles

Stabilized oily-wastewater separation based on superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic ceramic membranes: Integrated experimental design and standalone machine learning algorithms

BackgroundReliable computational approaches to evaluate ceramic membrane performance in wastewater treatment mark a transformative step towards optimizing separation processes, ensuring environmental sustainability, and advancing water purification technologies. The current study explores the influential factors using artificial intelligence (AI) tools in the performance evaluation of superhydrophilic and underwater super-oleophobic ceramic membranes for the selective treatment of oily wastewater. MethodsThe chemometrics scenario of the research based on established experimental work employs advanced AI models viz: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) to predict the efficacy of these membranes in terms of rejection and flux. The model predictions were evaluated using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Willmott Index (WI), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Significant findingsFrom the results, GPR had shown good agreement with correlations (WI=99.9) during the training and testing phases for flux prediction, indicating an exceptional model fit with negligible error (MAPE=0.001, MAE=0.000 in the testing phase). For rejection modelling, GPR and SVR exhibit similar levels of accuracy, with moderate PCC and WI values, while RF reveals significant limitations with the lowest scores across all statistical metrics. The findings highlight the potential of AI in optimizing wastewater treatment processes, with GPR identified as the most promising model for flux prediction. This study would provide insight into the modelling of the membrane separation process for oily wastewater and integrate AI in the performance evaluation of wastewater reclamation.

Outdoor education program reduces anxiety levels in Indonesian sports college students

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Outdoor Education Program on the anxiety levels of sports students in Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach with an experimental pretest-posttest design, the research included 120 participants, both male and female, aged 18 to 20 years, from sports faculties at the State University of Surabaya, the State University of Yogyakarta, and the Indonesian University of Education. Data collection to assess anxiety levels was conducted through a questionnaire. Validity testing showed all statements were valid, with Pearson Correlation values greater than 0.05, and reliability testing indicated that all items were reliable, with Cronbach's Alpha values exceeding 0.6. Questionnaires were administered via Google Forms before and after the outdoor education program. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 25. The Wilcoxon test results showed a Sig value greater than 0.05, and the mean posttest score (34.58) was lower than the pretest score (55.66). The study concluded that the Outdoor Education Program significantly reduces anxiety levels in sports students in Indonesia. Further research is recommended to explore the program's effects on students' self-confidence, motivation, responsibility, and discipline. Keywords: Anxiety, Outdoor Education Program, Sports College Students, Indonesia

The Relationship between Memorizing the Qur’an and the Outcomes of Learning Arabic for Students of Al-Hijrah 2 Integrated Islamic High School, Deli Serdang

This paper aims to find out about the relationship between Qur'an memorization and Arabic learning outcomes in IT Al-Hijrah Deli Serdang High School students. The method used in this research is field research method (Field Research) using quantitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation. The population in this study amounted to 22 students and sampling using saturated samples or all members of the population were used as research samples. The data analysis technique uses the Produck Moment Correlation test with the help of SPSS version 26. The result of this study is that memorizing the Qur'an has a significant and very strong relationship with Arabic learning outcomes. This can be seen from the Pearson Correlation value of 0.802. obtained t count 5.998 greater than t table (2.086) at a significant level of 5% and a significant level of 1% (2.845), then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This means that there is a significant relationship between Qur'an memorization and Arabic learning outcomes in Al-Hijrah 2 Deli Serdang IT High School students.

Predicting significant wave height in the South China Sea using the SAC-ConvLSTM model

IntroductionThe precise forecasting of Significant wave height(SWH) is vital to ensure the safety and efficiency of aquatic activities such as ocean engineering, shipping, and fishing.MethodsThis paper proposes a deep learning model named SAC-ConvLSTM to perform 24-hour prediction with the SWH in the South China Sea. The long-term prediction capability of the model is enhanced by using the attention mechanism and context vectors. The prediction ability of the model is evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean square error (MSE), and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC).ResultsThe experimental results show that the optimal input sequence length for the model is 12. Starting from 12 hours, the SAC-ConvLSTM model consistently outperforms other models in predictive performance. For the 24-hour prediction, this model achieves RMSE, MAE, and PCC values of 0.2117 m, 0.1083 m, and 0.9630, respectively. In addition, the introduction of wind can improve the accuracy of wave prediction. The SAC-ConvLSTM model also has good prediction performance compared to the ConvLSTM model during extreme weather, especially in coastal areas.DiscussionThis paper presents a 24-hour prediction of SWH in the South China Sea. Through comparative validation, the SAC-ConvLSTM model outperforms other models. The inclusion of wind data enhances the model's predictive capability. This model also performs well under extreme weather conditions. In physical oceanography, variables related to SWH include not only wind but also other factors such as mean wave period and sea surface air pressure. In the future, additional variables can be incorporated to further improve the model's predictive performance.

The influence of PjBL based on 21CLD self-regulation dimension using google sites to creativity and self-regulation

This study was motivated by the low self-regulation of students and the lack of creativity training in the form of ICT in biology learning. This study aims to determine the effect of PjBL based on 21CLD self-regulation dimension using Google Sites on creativity and self-regulation of high school students on excretory system material. The research method used was Quasi Experiment with Post Test Only Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The research samples were XI D class as the experimental class and XI I as the control class. The instruments used are product assessment sheets, questionnaires, and observation sheets. The research results showed that student creativity in the experimental class on excretory system material obtained an average value of 84.8 and self-regulation of 86.6, with an excellent category. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a significance value of 0.001 on creativity data and 0.002 on self-regulation data (p <0.05). The result of the correlation test obtained a significance value of 0.001 <0.05 with a Pearson Correlation value of 0.539, which indicates the level of relationship is included in the medium category. From this study, it was concluded that PjBL based on 21CLD self-regulation dimension using Google Sites, had an effect on creativity and self-regulation of high school students in the excretory system material. The finding in this study is that the PjBL model based on 21CLD self-regulation dimension is much better for practicing self-regulation compared to creativity.

INFLUENCE OF THE NEARPOD EDUCATIONAL WEBSITE BASED ON THE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING MODEL ON CRITICAL THINKING ABILITY IN CLASS V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SCIENCE LESSONS

This research aims to test the effect of using the Nearpod educational web based on Problem Based Learning on the critical thinking abilities of class V students at SDN Kembaran. The research method used is quantitative with a one group pretest-posttest research design. The research subjects involved 22 students in class V. The research instruments were an initial test (pretest) and a final test (posttest) which were used to measure critical thinking skills before and after the Nearpod problem-based learning intervention. Data collection was carried out by giving a test in the form of a description of 10 questions which had been tested for validity, reliability, level of difficulty and distinguishing power. Data analysis used descriptive statistical methods and inferential analysis with paired t-test to measure significant differences between pretest and posttest results. The research results showed an increase in the average pretest score of 60.2 while the posttest was 84. Based on the results of the normality test using the Pearson Shapiro Wilk correlation, it can be seen that the Pearson Correlation value obtained a pretest value of 0.527 and a posttest value of 0.548. Both mean they have a strong correlation and mean the data is normally distributed. The results of the correlation test between the pretest and posttest scores show that the probability is 0.000 < 0.50 (5% significance level), so Ho is rejected so it can be concluded that there is a relationship (correlation) between problem-based learning media nearpod and critical thinking skills.

Sikap Dan Minat Murid Orang Asli Terhadap Pembelajaran Peribahasa : Aplikasi Modul Rimba

This study aims to identify the attitude and interest of Orang Asli students towards learningthe topic of Malay Proverbs using the Rimba Module. The objective of this study is to identifythe level of attitude and interest of Orang Asli students towards the topic of proverbs usingthe Rimba Module as well as to analyze the relationship between the attitude and interest ofOrang Asli students towards the topic of proverbs using the Rimba Module. The design of thisstudy is quantitative by using survey and correlation methods. The instrument used is aquestionnaire that contains two parts, namely the attitude part and the interest part ofOrang Asli students towards learning the topic of Malay proverbs using the Rimba Module.A total of 59 Orang Asli students from three primary schools from Kuala Langat wereselected as a sample using intact group sampling. SPSS version 26.0 software was used toanalyze descriptive data to obtain mean and standard deviation as well as inferential dataanalysis to obtain correlation values. The findings of the study show that the overall meanvalue for the level of attitude of Orang Asli students is 4.00 while the overall mean value forthe level of interest of Orang Asli students is 4.21 indicating a more positive interest than theattitude of Orang Asli students towards learning the topic of Malay Proverbs using the RimbaModule. The Pearson correlation value (r) is 0.785 showing a strong relationship betweenthe attitude and interest of Orang Asli students towards learning the topic of Malay Proverbsusing the Rimba Module. Implications of the study to increase knowledge related to theattitude and interest of Orang Asli students in Kuala Langat to find solutions related to theproblem of achievement of Orang Asli students in the mastery of Malay idioms. In conclusion, this study has an impact on the Orang Asli students in attracting interest and triggering a positive attitude in them to love Malay Proverbs in the classroom while upholding the Malay language as the national language.

Interpreting the latent space of a Convolutional Variational Autoencoder for semi-automated eye blink artefact detection in EEG signals

Electroencephalography (EEG) allows the investigation of brain activity. However, neural signals often contain artefacts, hindering signal analysis. For example, eye-blink artefacts are particularly challenging due to their frequency overlap with neural signals. Artificial intelligence, particularly Variational Autoencoders (VAE), has shown promise in EEG artefact removal. This research explores the design and application of Convolutional VAEs for automatically detecting and removing eye blinks in EEG signals. The latent space of CVAE, trained on EEG topographic maps, is used to identify latent components that are selective for eye blinks. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area Under the Curve (AUC) are employed to evaluate the discriminative performance of each latent component. The most discriminative component, determined by the highest AUC, is modified to eliminate eye blinks. The evaluation of artefact removal involves visual inspection and Pearson correlation index assessment of the original EEG signal and the reconstructed clean version, focusing on the Fp1 and Fp2 channels most affected by eye-blink artefacts. Results indicate that the proposed method effectively removes eye blinks without significant loss of information related to the neural signal, demonstrating Pearson correlation values around 0.60 for each subject. The contribution to the knowledge offered by this research study is the design and application of a novel offline pipeline for automatically detecting and removing eye blinks from multi-variate EEG signals without human intervention.

The effectiveness of using a proposed model of contemplative learning on developing metacognitive skills and the achievement of eleventh grade female students in physics

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of using a proposed model of contemplative learning on developing metacognitive skills and the achievement of eleventh grade female students in physics, in Muscat Governorate, Sultanate of Oman. The study sample consisted of (53) female students, who were distributed into two groups: an experimental group, consisting of (25) female students, and a control group, consisting of (28) female students. To answer the study questions, the Schraw and Dennison scale for knowledge organization skills was used, and its reliability coefficient value was (0.90). An achievement test was prepared and its validity was confirmed, and the Pearson correlation coefficient value was (0.91), which is a good indicator for the study. The study found that there were no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the female students of the two study groups at the significance level (α = 0.05) in the overall knowledge organization skills and sub-skills, while there were statistically significant differences between the average scores of the female students of the two study groups at the significance level (α = 0.05) in the total score of the academic achievement test, as well as in the levels of application and reasoning between the experimental and control groups in favor of the experimental group, while there is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (α = 0.05) between the average scores of the female students of the two study groups in the level of knowledge. The study recommended the need to hold training workshops to introduce contemplative learning, integrate contemplative learning methods in building physics and science curricula, and benefit from study tools and materials and apply them in the educational field. Keywords: reflective learning - metacognitive skills - academic achievement

Automated magnetic resonance imaging-based grading of the lumbar intervertebral disc and facet joints.

Degeneration of both intervertebral discs (IVDs) and facet joints in the lumbar spine has been associated with low back pain, but whether and how IVD/joint degeneration contributes to pain remains an open question. Joint degeneration can be identified by pairing T1 and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with analysis techniques such as Pfirrmann grades (IVD degeneration) and Fujiwara scores (facet degeneration). However, these grades are subjective, prompting the need to develop an automated technique to enhance inter-rater reliability. This study introduces an automated convolutional neural network (CNN) technique trained on clinical MRI images of IVD and facet joints obtained from public-access Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset. The primary goal of the automated system is to classify health of lumbar discs and facet joints according to Pfirrmann and Fujiwara grading systems and to enhance inter-rater reliability associated with these grading systems. Performance of the CNN on both the Pfirrmann and Fujiwara scales was measured by comparing the percent agreement, Pearson's correlation and Fleiss kappa value for results from the classifier to the grades assigned by an expert grader. The CNN demonstrates comparable performance to human graders for both Pfirrmann and Fujiwara grading systems, but with larger errors in Fujiwara grading. The CNN improves the reliability of the Pfirrmann system, aligning with previous findings for IVD assessment. The study highlights the potential of using deep learning in classifying the IVD and facet joint health, and due to the high variability in the Fujiwara scoring system, highlights the need for improved imaging and scoring techniques to evaluate facet joint health. All codes required to use the automatic grading routines described herein are available in the Data Repository for University of Minnesota (DRUM).

The Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and Motivation for Achievement in Bakrie Center Foundation Internship Students in Banten Province

Internships aim to enrich students' knowledge and experience through direct fieldwork. Psychological well-being relates to fulfilling and realizing fundamental human qualities by actualizing one's potential. Therefore, students with high psychological well-being are expected to have better achievement motivation. This study aims to determine if there is a relationship between psychological well-being and achievement motivation among Bakrie Center Foundation interns in Banten Province. The scales used are the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PSWB) and the Achievement Motivation Scale adapted from Julianti (2022), based on McClelland's aspects. This quantitative research uses a correlational design, with a sample of 47 interns. Pearson correlation analysis yielded a Pearson correlation (r) value of 0.234 with a significance level (p) of 0.109 (p< 0.05), indicating no relationship between psychological well-being and achievement motivation among Bakrie Center Foundation interns in Banten. Overall categorization data showed that the interns had high psychological well-being but low achievement motivation.

ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE INDONESIAN VERSION OF THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL INSTRUMENT FOR PARENTS

Children are a crucial population requiring COVID-19 vaccination. With the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, the increasing number of unvaccinated children and adolescents has raised concerns. To was translated, adapted, and validate the Health Belief Model instrument for parents of children aged 6–11 years regarding COVID-19 vaccination in the Indonesian language. Cross-cultural translation and adaptation were conducted according to international standards. The instrument testing process, according to Beaton et al., (2020), involves five stages: forward translation, synthesis of the translation results, back translation, review of the back translation, and readability testing. Respondents were purposively selected from the parents of children aged 6–11 years. Face and content validity were achieved for the Indonesian version of Health Belief Model for parents of children aged 6–11 years. The validity of each statement item was assessed using Pearson Correlation with a significance level of 0.05 and 193 respondents, resulting in an r table value of 0.1406. The constructs within the Health Belief Model were deemed valid based on the Pearson Correlation values, as the coefficient values were greater than the r-table value (r > 0.1406; p < 0.05). The constructs in the Health Belief Model were also reliable, with a Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.657. The culturally adapted Indonesian version of the Health Belief Model instrument for parents of children aged 6–11 years regarding COVID-19 vaccination is considered valid and reliable for use in research among the parent population of children aged 6–11 years in the context of COVID-19 vaccination.

Gaya Hidup, Persepsi, dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Keputusan Penggunaan E-Wallet (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Prodi Ekonomi Syariah IAIN Kediri Angkatan 2019-2022)

This study evaluates the influence of lifestyle and perception on the decision to use the electronic wallet ShopeePay among students of Islamic Business 2019-2022 IAIN Kediri. Quantitative methods are used with a population of 642 students. In this study, 215 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. The analysis conducted includes descriptive statistical tests, instrument tests, classical acceptance tests, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis tests. The results show that lifestyle has a positive influence of 0.320 on the decision to use the ShopeePay e-wallet. Perceptions also have a positive influence on the decision to use the ShopeePay e-wallet (0.838). The T-test shows that lifestyle has a significant influence on the decision to use the ShopeePay e-wallet, with a t-value of 3.311, which is greater than the t-table of 1.971. In addition, the Pearson correlation value between lifestyle and the decision to use the ShopeePay e-wallet is 0.607. The effect of lifestyle on the use of ShopeePay wallets shows a strong correlation (r = 0.723, t = 9.098> t-table = 1.971). The effect of perception on the decision to use ShopeePay e-wallet is significant (p <0.05) among 2019-2022 Islamic economics students. Based on the determination analysis, lifestyle and perception have a significant influence on the decision to use the ShopeePay e-wallet at 54.6%. The remaining 45.4% is influenced by other variables not investigated in this study.

Pengaruh Lingkungan Madrasah Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir Kabupaten Tulungagung

Basically, each student's learning motivation is different. A safe, comfortable and peaceful madrasah environment will increase student motivation in learning, so that learning goals can be achieved well. In this case, researchers are interested in researching the influence of the Madrasah environment on students' learning motivation at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency. The formulation of the problem taken in this research is whether there is an influence of the madrasa environment on the learning motivation of MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir Tulungagung Regency students? Meanwhile, the aim of this research is to determine the influence of the madrasa environment on the learning motivation of students at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency. This research uses a survey research method with a quantitative research type. Data collection techniques use observation, questionnaires and documentation. The population was 176 and the sample was 36 students taken from 20% of the total population using the Probability Sampling technique. The research results obtained were based on hypothesis testing using Pearson product moment correlation analysis. The values ​​obtained are the Pearson correlation value is 0.833 > 0.3291 and the significance value is 0.000 < 0.05. This means that hypothesis testing shows that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that the madrasa environment influences the learning motivation of students at MTs Sunan Kalijogo Rejosari Kalidawir, Tulungagung Regency.

Status of local knowledge and information literacy among The Minangkabau Community in Indonesia

Background of the study: The topics of local knowledge and information literacy have tremendously been discussed in research on information literacy and local knowledge around the world, including in Indonesia. However, these aspects are still under-researched particularly when it comes to the issue of the status local knowledge and that is related to information literacy. Based on this main gap, this paper presents a study that examined local knowledge and information literacy, to specifically address the issue. Purpose: To identify the status of local knowledge and information literacy among the Minangkabau Community in Agam district, Indonesia. Method: A quantitative approach by using a survey was conducted involving 384 Minangkabau communities in Agam district, Indonesia selected using a random sampling technique Findings: The findings reveal a significant value of 0.000 (p0.05), indicating that there is a substantial positive link between tacit and explicit knowledge and information literacy. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient value shows a value of 0.712 which is in the range of 0.60 – 0.799 so it is in a strong category. From the results, the analysis shows that the Minangkabau community has positive information literacy and the local knowledge processes variable can encourage activities of local knowledge in the community, special in Agam district, Indonesia. Conclusion: Status of local knowledge cover combination of knowledge such as from tacit and explicit will support the Minangkabau community to sustain their local knowledge with accurate information seeking strategies

Orally deliverable lutein nanoparticles as robust ROS scavenger for dry eye disease by targeting Peyer’s patches and mitochondria of ocular cell

The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside mitochondria is a significant factor in the perpetuation of dry eye disease (DED), and it may be a key target for DED treatment. In this work, we designed and prepared orally deliverable lutein nanoparticles formulated with phycocyanin, chitosan modified with triphenylphosphonium (TPP), and yeast β-glucan modified with 3-boronobenzoic acid. These nanoparticles possess dual-targeting abilities for microfold cells in Peyer’s patches and ocular cell mitochondria to intervene in DED.Our data demonstrated that the dual-targeted lutein nanoparticles effectively accumulated within Peyer’s patches and were endocytosed by resident immune cells. In vitro results demonstrated that dual-targeted lutein nanoparticles showed excellent mitochondrial targeting ability with a Pearson correlation value of 0.86 after incubation for 4 h. In vivo results showed that the accumulation of lutein in mouse eye mitochondria increased by 2.36 times. Furthermore, the dual-targeted lutein nanoparticles alleviated oxidative stress damage of the cornea by reducing ROS levels in the cornea, and reduced corneal inflammation and keratinization, thus alleviating DED. The novel lutein nanoparticles with dual abilities to improve absorption efficiency and target mitochondria can be used as a promising candidate for oral intervention in DED.

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Kitab Amśīlatu At-Taşrīfiyyah Terhadap Kemampuan Memahami Perubahan Kosakata Bahasa Arab Santri di Pondok Pesantren Nas'atul Muta'allimin Blumbungan Pamekasan

Learning is the process of student interaction with educators and learning resources in a learning environment. The learning in this research focuses on studying the book Amśīlatu At-Taşrīfiyyah in understanding word changes based on wazan. So that it can provide understanding to students when processing and changing Arabic vocabulary. The outline of the study of this book that is taught is taşrīf işṭilāḥī and taşrīf lugawī. This research aims to find out the influence of studying the book Amśīlatu At-Taşrīfiyyah on the ability to change Arabic vocabulary and to describe how much influence learning the book Amśīlatu At-Taşrīfiyyah has on the ability of students to change Arabic vocabulary at the Nas'atul Muta'allimin Islamic Boarding School in Blumbungan Pamekasan. This article used a field research methodology that uses a quantitative approach using correlational data analysis techniques to describe two or more facts and properties of the object under study. The results of this study show that: First, there is no strong and significant correlation between learning the book Amśīlatu At-Taşrīfiyyah and the ability to change Arabic vocabulary. Second, the Pearson product-moment correlation test results using the SPSS application and manual calculation show the Pearson correlation value is (0.025) with a Sig level. (0.897). So, based on the correlational table, the r value (0.025) shows a very weak correlation level. The findings of this research indicate that there is no influence from studying the Amśīlatu At-Taşrīfiyyah book on the students' ability to change Arabic vocabulary at the Nas'atul Muta'allimin Blumbungan Pamekasan Islamic boarding school.

The Impact of Fintech Startups on Financial Institutions’ Performance and Default Risk

Introduction: It is highly important to understand the role of financial technology-based startups in the field of financial support. Thus, the study here aimed to investigate the job of fintech solutions or startups in the performance management of financial institutions and the process they use to mitigate risk in financial matters. Literature Review: The economic contraction was most likely the cause of the decline in the value of investments. Understanding the importance of operational efficiency, traditional financial institutions have embraced technology advancements to automate repetitive tasks, lower errors, and save costs. As a result, overall performance and cost-effectiveness have increased. Methodology: The method of data collection that has been selected to investigate the roles that fintech startups play in reducing financial risk is "primary quantitative." As a result, answers to a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions were gathered from 55 people. Findings and analysis: The statistical analysis revealed that the majority of responses were either in agreement or strongly in agreement. Given that the Pearson Correlation value is greater than 0.8, there is a strong correlation between each variable. Every hypothesis formulated during the initial stage of the study has been approved. Discussion: Fintech, which is a combination of finance and technology, uses cutting-edge methods and instruments to improve the overall effectiveness and resilience of risk management frameworks. However, fintech startups face a variety of obstacles along the way, but they are also presented with opportunities for innovation and growth on their optimization journey Conclusion: The adoption of fintech by financial institutions is expected to create a dynamic risk management landscape that can adjust to new opportunities and challenges in the constantly changing financial sector. The primary quantitative method was selected in order to collect the pertinent data for this investigation. Through statistical analysis, the gathering of quantitative data can assist in projecting real-time information.

The effect of the implementation of quick responses indonesia standard (qris) on public purchase interest in the Lama market of Serang City

The QRIS implementation system policy is contained in the Board of Governors Regulation Number 21/18/PADG/2019 concerning the Implementation of the Quick Response Code National Standard for payments, which explains that QRIS transactions are directed to be in line with the Banten Provincial Government program, namely SIAP QRIS. Banten region occupies the top 5 positions as the province with the most QRIS users. One of these SIAP QRIS programs is focused on the Lama market of Serang City. A descriptive quantitative method was used in conducting this research. This research also has a limitation, namely in discussing how much influence the QRIS application has on buying interest. It is carried out on the population of Serang City, which has a total of 730,530 people. A sample was drawn using the Slovin formula with an MoR of 10%, namely 100 respondents. This study also aims to prove the influence of applying QRIS on buying interest. The determination of respondents is carried out as one of the instruments, namely using the purposive sampling technique. The results obtained based on field findings and the calculation results show that the Lama market in terms of provision has not been maximized, but the payment method is very reliable. It can be seen in the final calculation results that the variable (x) QRIS application and the variable (y) purchase interest influence 28.3%. In addition, variable (x) and variable (y) show a strong correlation indicated by the acquisition of a Pearson Correlation value of 0.532.

Creating and validating the Fine-Grained Question Subjectivity Dataset (FQSD): A new benchmark for enhanced automatic subjective question answering systems.

In the domain of question subjectivity classification, there exists a need for detailed datasets that can foster advancements in Automatic Subjective Question Answering (ASQA) systems. Addressing the prevailing research gaps, this paper introduces the Fine-Grained Question Subjectivity Dataset (FQSD), which comprises 10,000 questions. The dataset distinguishes between subjective and objective questions and offers additional categorizations such as Subjective-types (Target, Attitude, Reason, Yes/No, None) and Comparison-form (Single, Comparative). Annotation reliability was confirmed via robust evaluation techniques, yielding a Fleiss's Kappa score of 0.76 and Pearson correlation values up to 0.80 among three annotators. We benchmarked FQSD against existing datasets such as (Yu, Zha, and Chua 2012), SubjQA (Bjerva 2020), and ConvEx-DS (Hernandez-Bocanegra 2021). Our dataset excelled in scale, linguistic diversity, and syntactic complexity, establishing a new standard for future research. We employed visual methodologies to provide a nuanced understanding of the dataset and its classes. Utilizing transformer-based models like BERT, XLNET, and RoBERTa for validation, RoBERTa achieved an outstanding F1-score of 97%, confirming the dataset's efficacy for the advanced subjectivity classification task. Furthermore, we utilized Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) to elucidate model decision-making, ensuring transparent and reliable model predictions in subjectivity classification tasks.