The results of a long-term study of pear accessions collected by VIR’s expeditions in the Caucasus and grown in the collection of Maikop Experiment Station are presented. A significant variety of morphological characteristics including diagnostic ones was identified. Accessions with uncharacteristic for western species traits were selected: deciduous sepals ( Pyrus caucasica Fed., P. salicifolia Pall., P. syriaca Boiss.), reduced number of seed cavities (2-4) in the fruit ( P. salicifolia , P. syriaca , P. zangezura Maleev). Also identified were specific accessions relatively resistant to fungal diseases ( P. zangezura , P. balansae Decne., some forms of P. caucasica and P. salicifolia ) possessing frost resistance in the environments of Adygea ( P. salicifolia , P. medvedevii Rubtz., P. caucasica ), drought resistance ( P. caucasica , P. salicifolia , P. syriaca ), and high yield ( P. caucasica , P. salicifolia , P. balansae , P. zangezura ). Some species: P. salicifolia , P. complexa Rubtz., P. medvedevii , P. syriaca , P. elata Rubtz. were selected as promising for landscaping and breeding of ornamental forms.