Peanut Sprout Research Articles

Effect of selenium fortification during sprouting of peanut seeds receivingHVEFand selenium soaking combination on yield, selenium and resveratrol contents, anti‐oxidative properties, and microbial control

SummarySelenium (Se) is essential for human nutrition as it involves many biological functions. In this study, three seed treatments (water soaking, high‐voltage electric field (HVEF), HVEF and water soaking), and two Se fortification treatments (Se soaking with Se fortification during sprouting and HVEF plus Se soaking with Se fortification during sprouting) were used to examine their effects on peanut seed germination, Se contents and microbial loads on 8‐days‐old peanut sprouts. The results indicated that the best treatment for enhancing germination (99.6%), increasing the sprout's total Se and resveratrol contents (61.32 and 46.32 μg g−1, respectively) was HVEF plus Se soaking in combination with Se fortification. It also reduced the microbial loads to <3 log CFU g−1FW on the resultant 8‐days‐old peanut sprouts. Thus, the treatment of HVEF and Se soaking combination with Se fortification can be used to produce Se‐fortified peanut sprouts with improved nutritional quality and microbial control.

Peanut sprout yogurt: Increased antioxidant activity and nutritional content and sensory evaluation by fuzzy mathematics

Peanut sprouts contain abundant bioactive substances including resveratrol and other natural polyphenols, which have strong antioxidant activity. Herein, we describe the formulation of peanut sprout yogurt, which combines the antioxidant activity of a fermented product with the added activity afforded by peanut sprouts. A fuzzy mathematical model was developed for the sensory evaluation of the peanut sprout yogurt based on three indexes: the color, taste, and texture of yogurt. Using the fuzzy mathematical model, the optimal parameters of peanut sprout yogurt were 0.4% lactic acid bacteria, 8% white sugar, and 2% peanut sprout freeze-dried powder. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of the yogurt was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assays. Peanut sprout yogurt had higher antioxidant activity (25.07 ± 0.05%, DPPH; 24.75 ± 0.01%, ABTS) as compared to plain yogurt (17.10 ± 0.05%, DPPH; 17.03 ± 0.02%, ABTS). Interestingly, the Colony-Forming Unit (CFU) of lactic acid bacteria in plain yogurt versus peanut sprout yogurt differed, 1.9 × 109 CFU/g and 3.6 × 109 CFU/g, respectively. The two yogurts also differed in protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric content with peanut sprout yogurt determined as 6.3 g/100 g, 4.2 g/100 g, 18.0 g/100 g, and 559.0 kJ/100 g, respectively, versus plain yogurt determined as 3.3 g/100 g, 3.9 g/100 g, 13.0 g/100 g, and 422.0 kJ/100 g, respectively. Novelty impact statement Yogurt containing peanut sprouts had higher content levels of lactic acid bacteria. The addition of peanut sprout increased the antioxidant activity of yogurt. Optimum concentration of peanut sprout in the yoghurt was 2%.

Vigor dan Viabilitas Kecambah Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) Keturunan Pertama (F1) Hasil Persilangan Antara Varietas Nasional dengan Lokal Bima

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a legume crop and is one of the second highest yielding secondary crops after soybeans. Peanut production in Indonesia tends to fluctuate and is still not able to meet the needs of the community every year. To produce quality seeds, one of the ways that plant breeders do is by crossing. The cross in this study was a peanut cross between the national variety and the local Bima variety. The purpose of this study was to determine the vigor and viability of peanut sprouts from crosses between national and local varieties of Bima. This research is included in pure experimental research. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design. The data in the research that has been collected through observation and documentation methods are then analyzed using Anova One Way. Based on the results of the study, the data on viability parameters were obtained, namely: the highest percentage of germination was obtained by F1A seeds (Rhinoceros Variety x Local Bima) with a value of 86.66% while the lowest percentage of germination was F1C seeds (V. Kancil x Local Bima) with a value of 20%. For the parameter of germination speed, the F1 seed which had the highest seed germination speed was F1E (V. Pelanduk x Local Bima) with a value of 2.33/day while the lowest germination rate was F1C (V. Kancil x Local Bima) with a value of 0.58/day. From all research data, it was found that data from all parameters experienced significant variations or differences with P Value < 0.05 in each treatment.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) sprout prevents high-fat diet-induced cognitive impairment by improving mitochondrial function

This study was performed to evaluate the improvement effect of the ethyl acetate fraction from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) sprout (EFPS) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive deficits in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were randomly divided four groups (n = 13) as control (normal chow), HFD, EFPS 20 (20 mg/kg of body weight; intragastric administration) and EFPS 50 (50 mg/kg of body weight; intragastric administration) groups. HFD was provide for 15 weeks excepting control group. EFPS ameliorated cognitive dysfunction in Y-maze, passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. EFPS significantly improved glucose tolerance and serum lipid profile, and reduced body weight. EFPS ameliorated oxidative stress by regulating MDA levels and SOD activity in liver and brain tissues. In addition, EFPS restored brain mitochondrial dysfunction related to energy metabolism. Moreover, the bioactive compounds of EFPS were identified as di-caffeic acid, caffeic acid, dihydrokaempferol-hexoside, di-p-coumaroyl tartaric acid isomer and group B soyasaponins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. These results show that EFPS can improve cognitive functions in HFD-induced diabetic mice.

Transcriptome and proteome analysis of ultrasound pretreated peanut sprouts

Combined transcriptomic and proteome analyses were carried out to investigate the influence of ultrasound pretreatment on peanut sprouts. In total, 1104 differentially expressed genes (upregulated:538, downregulated:521) and 399 differentially accumulated proteins (upregulated: 197, downregulated: 202) were identified between ultrasound pretreated and nontreated peanut sprouts. These genes and proteins were related to a series of crucial biomolecular processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, terpenoids, and polyketides. The most enriched pathways were further analyzed in each category. Importantly, ultrasound upregulated three key genes namely the arahy. Tifrunner. gnm1.ann1.DXZI51, arahy.Tifrunner.gnm1.ann1.VGN2GE, and arahy.Tifrunner.gnm1.ann1.Y23DM6 that could have increased the content of resveratrol via phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, this study shows that B3, MYB transcription factor-like families play a significant role in response to ultrasound treatment. Overall, this study provides useful transcriptomics and proteomics information highlighting the molecular mechanisms that influence nutritional differences in peanut sprouts.

Contribution of slightly acidic electrolytic water ( SAEW ) to food safety, nutrients enrichment, and allergenicity reduction of peanut sprouts

Previous studies have confirmed that electrolyzed water had disinfection potential and enrich functional nutrients during seed germination. However, the effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) on the quality and safety of peanut sprouts is poorly understood. In this study, the influence and mechanism of SAEW on the antibacterial, antioxidant capacity, and allergenicity of peanut sprouts were investigated. Although SAEW-3 with 33.85 mg/L available chlorine concentration (ACC) showed better antibacterial effect, the SAEW-2 (23.74 mg/L ACC) group has a 20% and 50% increase in phenolic acid and γ-aminobutyric acid content, respectively. Moreover, SAEW-2 induced peanut sprout has the best antioxidant capacity by eliminating free radicals and improving peroxidase activity. SAEW-2 or SAEW-3 treatment contributed to decreasing Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 content thus reduce allergenicity. Therefore, SAEW with appropriate ACC could be a promising application in food safety, nutrients enrichment, and health-improvement of peanut products. Novelty impact statement Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) with 23.74 mg/L available chlorine concentration (ACC) has a significant positive effect on the enrichment of phenolic and γ-aminobutyric acid in germinated peanut. With the help of SAEW, the germination process can further reduce the content of Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, thereby reducing allergenicity. SAEW with appropriate ACC could be a promising application in food safety, nutrients enrichment, and health-improvement of peanut products.

Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Ultrasound Pretreated Peanut Sprouts

Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of Ultrasound Pretreated Peanut Sprouts

Impact of Germination Time on Resveratrol, Phenolic Acids, and Antioxidant Capacities of Different Varieties of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea Linn.) from China.

In China, peanut sprouts are popular among consumers as functional vegetables. This study reports the change in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC), vitamin C, trans-resveratrol content, antioxidant capacities, and phenolic profile of three different varieties of peanut during 8 days of germination. The TPC, TFC, and antioxidant capacity of peanut samples were reduced and then increased with an increase in germination time. TFC values were highly correlated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. MAC values of peanuts were first increased and then decreased during 8 days of germination. The TFC, DPPH, and FRAP values of germinated peanuts were lower compared to the non-germinated peanut. Germination of peanut samples enhanced the total phenolic acids and trans-resveratrol content, but the vitamin C content of peanut sprouts was lower than ungerminated peanuts.

Light radiation promoted stilbene accumulation in peanut sprouts: a response of the reestablishment of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis

Light radiation promoted stilbene accumulation in peanut sprouts: a response of the reestablishment of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis

Widely targeted metabolomics characterizes the dynamic changes of chemical profile in postharvest peanut sprouts grown under the dark and light conditions

Peanut sprouts (PSs) are edible food with a high nutritional value. It is well known that different light treatments during seedling germination affect the nutritional elements of PSs. However, the comprehensive exploration of the chemical profile variation after light and dark treatments is not widely used in PSs due to the lack of high-throughout examination technology. In the present study, a widely targeted method based on UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS equipment was carried out to identify and screen differential metabolites. A total of 797 metabolites were identified from PSs, and 97 differential metabolites were screened between light and dark treatment groups. The majority of phytochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, nucleotides, amino acids, saccharides, and alcohols, were significantly up-regulated in PSs germinated under the dark conditions, which were positively related to the large-scale metabolic data of human diseases by KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. Collectively, our data suggest that the seeds should be protected from exposure to light during PS germination, which might improve the nutritional value of the final peanut product.

Resveratrol and Aspartic acid Contents and Antiadipogenic Effect of Peanut and Peanut Sprout Extracts

Resveratrol and Aspartic acid Contents and Antiadipogenic Effect of Peanut and Peanut Sprout Extracts

The Effect of GA3 and Salicylic Acid Combination on the Germination and Growth of Kelinci Variety Peanut Sprouts (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Under Aluminum Casting

This research aims to determine the influence of GA3 and salicylic acid on the germination and growth of Kelinci variety peanuts under aluminum casting. This study was conducted in a 2x3 factorial experiment. Factor A is AL(OH)3 with two concentration levels: 0% b/v and 5% w/v. Factor B is a growing stimulant substance (ZPT) with three levels: GA3 (0.1 % w/v), salicylic acid (0.1% w/v), and GA3 + salicylic acid. The parameters in this study are 1) germinating power, 2) length of sprouts, 3) fresh weight of sprouts, 4) dry weight of sprouts and 5) relative moisture content. The Tukey test determines the main effect, and an F test determines the simple effect. From the research results, the researchers conclude that the mixture of GA3 solution and SA solution is more effective than a single solution of GA3 or SA in overcoming the aluminum's toxic effects on the germination and sprout growth of Kelinci variety peanut.

Reduction of allergy effects of peanut sprout extract in a systemic anaphylaxis food allergy mouse model

Reduction of allergy effects of peanut sprout extract in a systemic anaphylaxis food allergy mouse model

Effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on Ara h 1 in peanut sprouts

Ara h 1 is the most abundant sensitizing protein in peanuts; it has high thermal stability and is difficult to degrade. The peanut sprout is a high-quality, natural food that has various beneficial effects and lower allergenicity than peanut seeds. In this study, ultrasonication (US) of peanut sprouts was used to alter their Ara h 1 content. We determined that the optimal parameters for the US process were 35 °C temperature, 30 min duration, 240 W power, and 100 kHz frequency. After 5 days of germination, the protease activity of the control (blank) group increased to 262.39 ± 0.10 U, whereas that of the US group increased to 290.1 ± 0.25 U. We also investigated the effects of US on Ara h 1 protein composition, structure, and related gene expression during germination. ELISA results showed that after 5 days of germination, Ara h 1 content in the blank group decreased from 20.63 ± 0.31 ppm to 3.35 ± 0.42 ppm, whereas in the US group, they decreased to below the detection limit. SDS-PAGE bands between 50 and 70 kDa from peanut sprout extracts gradually became lighter in both groups. The band almost disappeared at day 5 of germination in the US group, indicating that US reduced the Ara h 1 content of peanut sprouts, consistent with the ELISA results. The expression of the Ara h 1 gene in peanut seeds was 173.92 ± 26.37. In the BK control group, it decreased to 0.49 ± 0.17 on the fourth day and increased slightly to 0.75 ± 0.09 on the fifth day. In the US group, it decreased to 1.37 ± 0.28 on the first day, dropped sharply to 0.00 on the third day, and increased slightly to 0.04 ± 0.01 on the fourth and fifth days. Protein structure results showed that the α-helix structure of Ara h 1 decreased after US, whereas the content of β-fold structures increased. The surface hydrophobicity decreased, and the secondary and tertiary structures of Ara h 1 were loose.

Inhibition of testosterone-mediated benign prostatic enlargement of orchiectomized Sprague-Dawley rats by diets supplemented with bio-elicited peanut sprout powder (BPSP) and three new BPSP-extracted natural compounds identified

• Dietary supplements to relieve benign prostatic enlargement syndrome are targeted. • BPSP-supplemented diets were effective to inhibit testosterone-mediated BPE. • Three new BPSP-extracted compounds bearing antioxidative activities were identified. • New identified along with known BPSP bioactive compounds conferring BPE inhibition. Along with clinical benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) management, searching for dietary supplements to relieve and/or prevent syndrome is needed. In this study, the orchiectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with diets supplemented with bio-elicited peanut sprout powder (BPSP) and testosterone injected to mediate BPE. The mediated prostate/body ratio increase was significantly inhibited by diets supplemented with 3.2 g BPSP kg −1 bw. Prostatic catalase and superoxide dismutase activities of the rats fed with 3.2 and 6.4 g kg −1 bw were significantly higher than rats fed with 0 g kg −1 bw. As BPSP subjected to extraction, purification and instrumental elucidation, three new natural compounds were assigned and their antioxidative capacities at 100 µM were equivalent to 93.6, 83.9 and 84.7 µM of trolox, respectively. The new identified potent antioxidants along with the known antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and phytoestrogenic stilbenoids in BPSP-supplemented diets leading to the observed inhibitory effectiveness on testosterone-mediated BPE is of merit.

The Influence of Light Wavelength on Resveratrol Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Arachis hypogaeas L.

The quality and intensity of light can have a huge influence on plant growth and bioactive compound production. Compared to conventional lighting, very little is known about the influence of light emitting diodes (LED) irradiation on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and resveratrol content of peanut sprouts. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of LED light on the growth and antioxidant capacity of peanut sprouts. The resveratrol concentration was determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Peanut sprouts grown under blue LED light exhibited a higher total resveratrol content grown than those under fluorescent light and other LED light sources. The highest total phenolic content was recorded in the case of blue LED. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging values of blue LED‒treated and micro-electrodeless light-treated sprouts were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of sprouts grown under lights with other wavelengths. A Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong association of the resveratrol, total phenolic, and flavonoid contents of peanut sprouts with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), indicating its contribution to antioxidant activities. The anti-tyrosinase activity increased with an increase in the concentration of the tested sample. Blue LED-irradiated peanut extracts at a selected concentration range showed moderate cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of peanut sprouts grown under blue LED was effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Vibrio litoralis. The present study revealed that the application of LEDs during the peanut sprouts growth improves the antioxidant activity, resveratrol concentration, and metabolite accumulation.

Peanut sprout rich in p-coumaric acid ameliorates obesity and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and the inhibition of browning in adipocytes via mitochondrial activation.

Obesity is accompanied by adipose tissue inflammation that subsequently reduces thermogenic potential in brown and beige (brown-like) adipocytes. We previously reported that peanut sprout (PS) inhibited triglyceride accumulation via fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. However, it is unknown whether PS reverses diet-induced obesity/inflammation and protects against the inflammation-induced inhibition of browning. To investigate this, C57BL/6 male mice, as an in vivo model, were randomly assigned to three different diets and fed for 8 weeks: (i) low-fat diet (LF, 11% kcal from fat), (ii) high-fat diet (HF, 61% kcal from fat), or (iii) HF diet with PS (4% PS in diet, HF + PS). As an in vitro model, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced macrophages and 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the absence (white adipocytes) or presence of dibutyryl-cAMP (Bt-cAMP, beige adipocytes) were used. The supplementation of PS improved HF-diet-mediated body weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia as compared to the HF group. Although there was a marginal impact on visceral hypertrophy, PS reversed the adipocyte inflammation. In parallel, LPS-mediated induction of inflammation was impeded by PS extract (PSE) in macrophages and adipocytes. PSE also protected against LPS-induced suppression of adipocyte browning in Bt-cAMP-treated adipocytes with mitochondrial activation. The phenolic acid analysis showed that among the constituent of PSE, p-coumaric acid (PCA) was identified as a polyphenol that showed a similar effect to PSE. PCA treatment was also able to maintain a higher temperature than the control group upon cold exposure. Taken together, PCA-enriched PS attenuated HF-diet-induced obesity and protected against LPS-induced inflammation and the inhibition of browning via mitochondrial activation.

Evaluation of the In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Peanut Sprout Extracts Cultivated with Fermented Sawdust Medium Against Bladder Cancer

Peanut sprout extracts reportedly exhibit numerous beneficial effects; however, there are few investigations on the biological effects of peanut sprout extracts cultivated with fermented sawdust medium (PSEFS). Here, we examined whether PSEFS demonstrates antitumor activity against bladder cancer, in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that PSEFS prohibited the proliferation of bladder cancer T24 cells, with this effect attributed to induction of cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase through reduced expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases caused by a promotion of p21WAF1 expression. Additionally, PSEFS induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, PSEFS treatment attenuated the invasive and migratory potential of T24 cells due to decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity combined with downregulation of the transcriptional binding activity of SP1, activator protein -1, and nuclear factor-kappaB. Furthermore, PSEFS (20 mg/kg) attenuated the tumor-growth rate in xenograft mice bearing T24 cells, with an effect equivalent to that of cisplatin and in the absence of toxicity following weight-loss evaluation and hematobiochemical testing of PSEFS-treated mice. These results demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of PSEFS both in vitro and in vivo, thereby reporting it as a potential candidate for development of novel agents against bladder cancer.

The utilization of peanut sprout extract as a green nitrogen source for the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of Nata de coco

Abstract In this study, the effect of peanut sprout extract as a new nitrogen source in the production of Nata de coco was evaluated. A completely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments and three repeatabilities was performed. The results showed that the treatment with the addition of 100.0 g/L peanut sprout extract in coconut water offered good physicochemical properties including the moisture content, crude fiber content, wet weight, and thickness of Nata de coco product fermented for 7 and 11 days. The addition of peanut sprout extract exhibited a significant effect for the Nata de coco. Based on the single-factor ANOVA analysis at a significance level of 0.05, the Tcal values of the physicochemical properties were higher than the Ttab values with a p-value less than 0.05, indicating the significant effect of the peanut sprout extract. The Fisher's Least Significance Difference (LSD) post-hoc test also proved the significant effect of the extract for the Nata de coco product. The organoleptic testings were performed in which the average assessment on the texture, taste, and color of Nata de coco were more chewy, sweet, and white, respectively. The addition of extract affected the texture of Nata de coco while the extract did not affect the taste and color of Nata de coco. Therefore, the addition of peanut sprout extract as a new natural nitrogen source is a good alternative and eco-friendly material than the common nitrogen sources in the production of Nata de coco.

Isolation of resveratrol from peanut sprouts, radioiodination and investigation of its bioactivity on neuroblastoma cell lines

Recently, natural antioxidant substances have been purified in a significant increasing incline from different plants for diagnosis and treatment options. In the current study, Resveratrol (RES) was isolated and radioiodinated with iodine-131 ([131I]iodo-RES). Cell culture studies were conducted on neuroblastoma cells (SY-SH5Y and SK-N-AS) to investigate the bioavailability of [131I]iodo-RES. The radioiodination yield of RES was 98.81 ± 0.37% (n = 6). Uptake values up to 25% were observed notably on SK-N-AS cells until 24 h. Briefly; the current study will contribute to the development of novel radiolabeled plant origin agents for the imaging of neuroblastoma cells.