Peanut Bud Necrosis Disease Research Articles

Analysis of distribution pattern of peanut bud necrosis disease incidence in Pavagada district of Karnataka, India

Analysis of distribution pattern of peanut bud necrosis disease incidence in Pavagada district of Karnataka, India

Novel and stable major QTLs conferring resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease and identification of resistant high yielding peanut breeding lines

Novel and stable major QTLs conferring resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease and identification of resistant high yielding peanut breeding lines

Genomic regions associated with resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population

AbstractParents and 318 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross, TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 were evaluated for peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) resistance and agronomic traits under natural infestation of thrips at a disease hotspot location for 2 years. Significant genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction effects suggested role of environment in development and spread of the disease. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using QTL Cartographer identified a total of 14 QTL for six traits of which five QTL were for disease incidence. One quantitative trait locus q60DI located on LG_AhII was identified using both QTL Cartographer and QTL Network. Another QTL q90DI was detected with a high PVE of 12.57 using QTL Cartographer. A total of nine significant additive × additive (AA) interactions were detected for PBND disease incidence and yield traits with two and seven interactions displaying effects in favour of the parental and recombinant genotype combinations, respectively. This is the first attempt on QTL discovery associated with PBND resistance in peanut. Superior RILs identified in the study can be recycled or released as variety following further evaluations.

ALG 06 320-A new high yielding Spanish bunch groundnut variety

The Central groundnut ALG 06 320 is the cross derivative of (J 11 x CG 52) x ICGV 86015. This variety yielded 2741 kg/ha) and has given higher pod yield over the national check varieties; 33.06% increase over TAG 24 (2060kg/ha); 29.05% over R 8808 (2124 kg/ha); 2.16% over RHRG 06021 (2683 kg/ha); 7.15% over ICGV 00351 (2558 kg/ha) during rabi season from 2008 to 2011 year. The variety ALG 06 320 is early in maturity (115 days) compared to R 8808 (116 days) and; RHRG (117 days). Shelling out turn (70.7%) is comparable with TAG 24(67.7), ICGV 00350 (66%), CTMG 6 (67%), RHRG 06021 (66%); R 8808 (67.7%). Sound mature Kernels are more in ALG 06 320 (90%) compared to TAG 24 (85.3%), R 8808 (84.3%), ICGV 00350 (86%); RHRG (82.7%) Oil content is also high (50.3%) in TAG 24 (49.3%) and R 8808 (49.7%). For the variety ALG 06 320 has shown lesser incidence of Peanut bud necrosis disease, Late leaf spot and rust diseases, compared to zonal check varieties. ALG 06 320 has shown tolerance against Spodoptera litura, leaf miner, leaf hopper and thrips. Thus, the groundnut culture ALG 06 320 was identified for release during 2013 by AICRP (G) and notified as Central groundnut ALG 06 320 during 2017 by CVRC.

Abundance, infestation and disease transmission by thrips on groundnut as influenced by climatic variability at Kadiri, Andhra Pradesh

Abundance, infestation and disease transmission by thrips studied on groundnut at Kadiri of Anantapur (Andhra Pradesh) over six kharif seasons of 2011-16 indicated significantly higher abundance of thrips in 2016 over 2011 to 2015 with infestations on par among 2013, 2014 and 2016 and higher over other seasons. Peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) transmission by thrips was significantly lower in 2015 and 2016 and higher in 2014. Associations of abundance of thrips with infestation and PBND were significant. Significant influence of PBND by the thrips infestation of only the current week implied significance of concurrent population in disease transmission.Significant positive effect of minimum temperature on incidence of PBND and negative effect of rainfall on thrips infestation were noted.Predictions of thrips abundance, infestation and PBND through multiple linear regression (MLR) models revealed positive influence of minimum temperature lagged by a week. Distribution of rainfall over its amount associated with thrips infestation besides negative role of wind with PBND was noted. Prediction models of PBND incidence combining weather and thrips abundance (R2:0.39) and weather and infestation (R2:0.53) showed that the PBND incidence was dependent on relative humidity andprevalent wind over previous two weeks in addition to thrips abundance or infestation.

GJG-31: A high yielding and better quality Spanish bunch type groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety for Gujarat state

A Spanish bunch type groundnut genotype GJG-31 is a hybrid derivative of the cross GG-2 x PBS-21065. It has recorded an overall mean pod yield of 3483 kg/ha, which was higher than the check varieties viz., GG-2 (2545 kg/ha), GG-4 (2812 kg/ha), GG-6 (2965 kg/ha) and TG-26 (2887 kg/ha). Thus, this genotype expressed an overall improvement of 36.86 per cent, 24.07 per cent, 17.47 per cent and 20.64 per cent in pod yield over the check varieties GG-2, GG-4, GG-6 and TG-26, respectively. This genotype was also tested in trials of All India Coordinated Research Project i.e. Initial Varietal Trial-Spanish Bunch-I and II during summer seasons of 2008 and 2009, respectively, where the performance was better than the local check variety GG-6 (14.46%) and zonal check variety TG-26 (11.79%). However, it was comparable with check varieties viz., TAG-24, TG-37A and Dh-86. The kernel yield (2460 kg/ha) of GJG-31 was also higher than the check varieties viz., GG-2 (1822 kg/ha), GG-4 (2115 kg/ha), GG-6 (2174 kg/ha) and TG-26 (2159 kg/ha). GJG-31 recorded average 100-kernel weight of 40.77 g, average 100-pod weight of 115.3 g and average shelling out-turn of 70.62 per cent. GJG-31 was found free from peanut bud necrosis disease incidence as disease was not appeared in this variety. Due to its consistent superior performance, GJG-31 has been released for general cultivation in the summer bunch groundnut growing areas of Gujarat state.

English

Peanut bud necrosis disease is one of the major diseases in peanut. Interspecific pre-breeding lines were identified as resistant to bud necrosis disease. Molecular diversity analysis in 115 lines resistant to bud necrosis disease using simple sequence repeat markers revealed wide genetic diversity among lines. Out of 219 bands amplified, 205 were found polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.5 to 0.94, with an average of 0.82. The cluster analysis and PCoA grouped 115 resistant lines and one susceptible cultivar into three major clusters sharing 58% similarity. Susceptible cultivar KRG-1 was distantly related to resistant lines NRCGCS-28 and NRCGCS-86. AMOVA predicted 96% variation within population and 4% among populations. NRCGCS-28 and NRCGCS-86 were found to be moderately resistant and KRG-1 as highly susceptible under artificially challenged inoculation conditions. The incubation period for appearance of disease symptoms were longer in NRCGCS-28 and NRCGCS-86 than KRG-1 under artificially challenged inoculation conditions. Thus, the present study reports additional sources for resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND). Key Words: Peanut, peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND), simple sequence repeat (SSR), genetic diversity.

Biochemical Composition and Disease Resistance in Newly Synthesized Amphidiploid and Autotetraploid Peanuts

Genetic diversity in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) is narrow due to its evolution and domestication processes. Amphidiploids and autotetraploids (newly synthesized tetraploids) were created to broaden its genetic base. Molecular analysis has shown that the newly synthesized tetraploids had broader genetic base; and were genetically divergent when compared to cultivated peanut. Nutritional composition relative to oil, fatty acid composition, O/L ratio, protein, iodine value and presence of plant proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were studied in the synthesized tetraploids. Some of the newly synthesized tetraploids had higher amounts of proteinase inhibitors. Evaluation of newly synthesized tetraploids revealed several lines resistant to late leaf spot (LLS) and peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND).

Managament of peanut bud necrosis disease in groundnut by botanical pesticides

In the management of PBND in groundnut neem seed extract (10%), we recorded significantly lower PBND incidence, AUDPC, apparent infection rate (20.41, 19.5% PBND; 956, 756 AUDPC; 0.0026, 0.002 apparent infection rate) followed by neem cake extract 10% spray (2747, 23.36% PBND; 1275, 1316 AUDPC; 0.0034, 0.0025 apparent rate of infection in 2000–2001 and 2001–2002, respectively). Weekly spray of monocrotophos reduced the PBND (26.77%) and recorded significantly higher pod yields (2547, 2465 kg/ha) and lower AUDPC (861, 1373), and apparent infection rate (0.0021, 0.0019 in 2000–2001 and 2001–2002, respectively) compared to other treatments.

Weed and crop plants as reservoirs of peanut bud necrosis tospovirus and its occurrence in South India

Survey was carried out on occurrence of peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh (AP) the major groundnut growing states in South India. PBND incidence was observed on crops, viz., greengram, blackgram, tomato, watermelon, cowpea, chilli, cucumber and sesame besides groundnut. The PBND incidence was higher in rainy season crops than in post-rainy season. Its proportion varied from place to place, and it was high in the vegetable and pulses growing areas. The weed plant species Achyranthus aspera, Acalypha indica, Alysicarpus rugosus, A. longifolia, Commelina bengalensis, Commelina jacobi, Corchorus trilocularis, Cyanoptis cuculetta, Eclipta alba, Euphorbia geniculata, Lochnera pusilla, Physalis minima and Sesbania rostrata were recorded for the first time as alternate hosts of PBND. Infection was also noticed for the first time on cucumber, muskmelon and sesame crops. Five weed species, viz., Achyranthus aspera, Ageratum conyzoides, Alysicarpus rugosus, Commelina bengalensis and Vigna trilobata were found abundant in AP and Karnataka. More infection was observed on Ageratum conyzoides (17.56%) compared with other weeds.

Management of peanut budnecrosis disease in groundnut through intercropping with cereal and pulse crops

Intercropping groundnut with sorghum at a 3:1 ration has given lower AUDPC (1018) with a mean pod yield of 1868 kg/ha, and was found significant in reducing the PBND (34.2%) compared to sole groundnut (AUDPC of 1545 mean pod yield of 1407 kg/ha, 52% PBND). In groundnut intercropped with pulses, groundnut + redgram (5:1) was found to be effective in reducing PBND to an extent of 10% and recorded higher equivalent pod yield of 2236 kg/ha with 1014 AUDPC compared to sole groundnut (AUDPC 1078, 63.44% PBND; mean pod yield of 1663 kg/ha). The higher incidence of PBND was recorded in the treatments involving greengram, blackgram and soybean and it was also reflected in realising higher values of AUDPC.

Generation means analysis of resistance to peanut bud necrosis caused by peanut bud necrosis tospovirus in peanut

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the types of gene action governing the inheritance of resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND) in populations derived from three crosses involving two resistant (ICGV 86388 and IC 10) and one susceptible (KK 60–1) peanut lines. Populations were composed of P1 P2, F1 F2, BC11, BC12, BC11S and BC12S. These populations were evaluated for PBND incidence in a farmer's field in Kalasin province in north‐east Thailand, where PBND is a recurring problem. Results showed variations between crosses in the relative contributions of different types of gene effect. The results indicate that multiple genes control the PBND resistance trait, and that the two resistant lines differ in some of these genes. As non‐additive gene effects are important in all three crosses, selection for low PBND incidence in these crosses would be more effective in later generations.