Peak Intensities Of Ions Research Articles

A stepwise surface ionization method for ion mobility spectrometry.

The detection of organic nitrogen compounds in exhaled breath is expected to provide an early warning of diseases such as kidney disease. Detecting these trace disease markers in exhaled breath with complex composition and high moisture content is a challenge. Surface ionization (SI) shows a highly selective ionization of organic nitrogen compounds, and it is a good candidate for breath analysis combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). A stepwise SI method of low-temperature adsorption/high-temperature ionization was proposed, and trimethylamine (TMA) was detected when combined with an ion mobility spectrometer. TMA at different concentrations and humidity levels and spiked in human breath was detected to evaluate the method's properties. TMA with concentrations from 2 to 200 ppb was detected. The peak intensity of the TMA characteristic ions was linearly related to the "e" exponent of the concentration with a curve fit of 0.996. A standard deviation of less than 0.306% was obtained with 10 replicate analyses of 10ppb TMA. The signal intensity difference between dry and wet (relative humidity > 93%) TMA samples is only 2.7%, and the recovery rate of the sample was 106.819%. SI-IMS based on the stepwise SI method has the advantages of low ionization temperature, high detection sensitivity, strong resistance to humidity interference, and good repeatability. It is a promising method for detecting organic nitrogen compounds in exhaled breath.

Protonation of gabapentin: Ion mobility spectrometry and computational study.

Protonation of gabapentin was studied using corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry with two types of reactant ions at temperature of 200°C. It was found that at elevated temperatures, ionization of gabapentin proceeds via two channels, including the protonation and reactant ion attachment, in the presence of both hydronium and ammonium reactant ions. The effect of the sample concentration on the relative intensity of product ion peaks was also studied. It turned out that in high concentrations, in addition to the protonation of gabapentin, binding of the reactant ion and the formation of proton-bound dimer also occurred, while in low concentrations, the only product of the ionization process is protonated gabapentin. Density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP and M062X functionals employing the same basis set 6-311++G(d,p) was used to extend the experimental findings. The structures of the several conformers of neutral and protonated gabapentin were obtained. Based on them, topical proton affinity and topical gas-phase basicity of gabapentin were calculated for selected conformers. The attachment of reactant ions to neutral gabapentin and formation of proton-bound dimer were thermodynamically studied.

Stability of MeV primary ion induced secondary ions

We report on the analysis of the onset and the intensity of metastable secondary ions, which are desorbed from the target material as a result of bombarding organic samples with MeV primary ions. The bimodal time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which can analyze secondary ion in linear and reflectron modes, was used for detection and characterization of such ions. The use of the bimodal mass spectrometer for this specific purpose is demonstrated on amino acid arginine, where three main fragments were detected. We have also analyzed the influence of the primary ion beam on the intensity of metastable ion signal. Results from chlorine ion beams with energies between 3 and 10 MeV have exhibited the importance of electronic sputtering on the product/precursor ion peak intensity ratio, which is significantly decreased when using primary ions with higher energy.

Dependence of Energetic Storm Particle Heavy Ion Peak Intensities and Spectra on Source CME Longitude and Speed

We examine variations in energetic storm particle (ESP) heavy ion peak intensities and energy spectra at CME-driven interplanetary shocks. We focus on their dependence with heliolongitude relative to the source region of their associated CMEs, and with CME speed, for events observed in Solar Cycle 24 at the STEREO-A, STEREO-B, and/or ACE spacecraft. We find that observations of ESP events at 1 au are organized by longitude relative to their CME solar source. The ESP event longitude distribution also showed organization with CME speed. The near-Sun CME speeds (V i ) for these events ranged from ∼560 to 2650 km s−1 while the average CME transit speeds to 1 au were significantly slower. The angular width of the events had a clear threshold at V i of ∼1300 km s−1, above which events showed significantly larger angular extension compared to events with speeds below. High-speed events also showed larger heavy ion peak intensities near the nose of the shock compared to the flanks while their spectral index was smaller near the nose and larger near the flanks. This organization for events with V i < 1300 km s−1 was not as clear. These ESP events were observed over a narrower range of longitudes though the heavy ion peak intensities still appeared largest near the nose of the shock. Their heavy ion spectra showed no clear organization with longitude. These observations highlight the impact of spacecraft position relative to the CME source longitude and V i on the properties of ESP events at 1 au.

Multiplexed Cross-Linking with Isobaric Quantitative Protein Interaction Reporter Technology.

Chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry (XL-MS) has emerged as a useful technique for interrogating protein structures and interactions. When combined with quantitative proteomics strategies, protein conformational and interaction dynamics can be probed. Quantitative XL-MS has been demonstrated with the use of stable isotopes incorporated metabolically or into the cross-linker molecules. Isotope-labeled cross-linkers have primarily utilized deuterium and rely on MS1-based quantitation of precursor ion extracted ion chromatograms. Recently the development and application of isobaric quantitative protein interaction reporter (iqPIR) cross-linkers were reported, which utilize 13C and 15N isotope labels. Quantitation is accomplished using relative fragment ion isotope abundances in tandem mass spectra. Here we describe the synthesis and initial evaluation of a multiplexed set of iqPIR molecules, allowing for up to six cross-linked samples to be quantified simultaneously. To analyze data for such cross-linkers, the two-channel mode of iqPIR quantitative analysis was adapted to accommodate any number of channels with defined ion isotope peak mass offsets. The summed ion peak intensities in the overlapping channel isotope envelopes are apportioned among the channels to minimize the difference with respect to the predicted ion isotope envelopes. The result is accurate and reproducible relative quantitation enabling direct comparison among six differentially labeled cross-linked samples. The approach described here is generally extensible for the iqPIR strategy, accommodating future iqPIR reagent design, and enables large-scale in vivo quantitative XL-MS investigation of the interactome.

Bismuth Film-Coated Gold Ultramicroelectrode Array for Simultaneous Quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

The widespread presence of heavy metals in drinking water sources arises as a major health concern, particularly in developing countries. The development of low-cost and reliable detection techniques is identified as a societal need to provide affordable water quality control. Herein, a bismuth film-coated gold ultramicroelectrode array (BF-UMEA) was used for the detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Experimental parameters such as deposition time, Bi(III) concentration, acetate buffer concentration, pH, square wave frequency, amplitude, and step potential were all varied to determine their effects on the current peak intensities of the target metal ions. Ten-fold excess in the concentration of interferences was found to cause a decrease in the stripping peak areas of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the following order of magnitude: benzene < NaCl < Ni(II) < Cu(II). Using Box–Behnken design, the optimum SWASV parameters that provided maximum current peak areas were 14.76 Hz (frequency), 50.10 mV (amplitude), and 8.76 mV (step potential). The limits of detection of the as-prepared BF-UMEA were 5 and 7 µg L−1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. These results demonstrate the potential use of a BF-UMEA in SWASV for the trace quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples.

Correlation-Based Deconvolution (CorrDec) To Generate High-Quality MS2 Spectra from Data-Independent Acquisition in Multisample Studies.

Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA-MS) is essential for information-rich spectral annotations in untargeted metabolomics. However, the acquired MS2 spectra are highly complex, posing significant annotation challenges. We have developed a correlation-based deconvolution (CorrDec) method that uses ion abundance correlations in multisample studies using DIA-MS as an update of our MS-DIAL software. CorrDec is based on the assumption that peak intensities of precursor and fragment ions correlate across samples and exploits this quantitative information to deconvolute complex DIA spectra. CorrDec clearly improved deconvolution of the original MS-DIAL deconvolution method (MS2Dec) in a dilution series of chemical standards and a 224-sample urinary metabolomics study. The primary advantage of CorrDec over MS2Dec is the ability to discriminate coeluting low-abundance compounds. CorrDec requires the measurement of multiple samples to successfully deconvolute DIA spectra; however, our randomized assessment demonstrated that CorrDec can contribute to studies with as few as 10 unique samples. The presented methodology improves compound annotation and identification in multisample studies and will be useful for applications in large cohort studies.

Examination of beauty ingredient distribution in the human skin by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry.

In this study, the authors evaluated the distribution of low-abundance beauty ingredients in human skin tissues. The distribution of collagen tripeptide, a beauty ingredient, in the human skin was evaluated by applying multivariate curve resolution (MCR) to the time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry mapping data, including reference information. The intensity of the secondary ion peaks was increased by the accumulation of secondary ion intensity in the depth direction obtained by argon cluster sputtering. Consequently, the collagen tripeptide distribution in the skin was evaluated by separating it from collagen peptide, although the conventional analysis was difficult because of the dilution of the collagen tripeptide in the skin. Additionally, the distribution of the collagen tripeptide in the skin may be determined with an autoencoder. In this study, the distribution of small amounts of beauty ingredients (the collagen tripeptide) in the skin was observed by integrating the secondary ion intensity in the depth direction with Ar cluster sputtering and applying MCR or autoencoder.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi effect growth and photosynthesis of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex. Steudel under copper stress.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is an effective way to remove heavy metals' inhibition on plants, however, few relevant research attempts have been made to determine the contribution of AMF to the physiological and biochemical changes related to the enhanced copper tolerance of Phragmites australis under metal-stressed conditions. In this study, the effects of AMF inoculation on P. australis under different concentrations of copper stress were investigated according to the changes in the parameters related to growth and development, and photosynthetic charateristics. Then, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were evaluated by the Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) system, which could accurately quantify the DEPs by measuring peak intensities of reporter ions in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra. It was found that AMF inoculation may relieve the photosynthesis inhibition caused by copper stress on P. australis and thus promote growth. Proteomic analysis results showed that under copper stress, the inoculation of R. irregularis resulted in a total of 459 differently-expressed proteins (200 up-regulated and 259 down-regulated) in root buds. In addition, the photosynthetic changes caused by AMF inoculation mainly involve the up-regulated expression of transmembrane protein-pigment complexes CP43 (photosystem II) and FNR (ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase related to photosynthetic electron transport). These results indicate that AMF could effectively improve the growth and physiological activity of P. australis under copper stress, and thus provides a new direction and instructive evidence for determining the mechanisms by which AMF inoculation enhances the copper tolerance of plants.

Two-dimensional decomposition of H-D exchange mass spectra of multicharged ions of biopolymers and their separation into components with independent H-D substitutions.

The work is aimed at developing a numerical method for analysing mass spectra of deutero-substituted multicharged ions of biopolymers to determine contributions of components presumably corresponding to different biomolecule conformations. The two-dimensional decomposition of the H-D exchange mass spectra of two, three and four charged apamin ions with their separation suggests that the reaction of apamin ions with ND3 molecules in the gas phase reveals hypothetically three different structural modifications of apamin ions. Usually for H-D exchange mass spectra, the presence of many resolvable protein structures was determined from measured distributions of peak intensities of ions with the same charge state. The method is new and has no published analogues. Graphical abstract.

Accurate peptide fragmentation predictions allow data driven approaches to replace and improve upon proteomics search engine scoring functions.

The use of post-processing tools to maximize the information gained from a proteomics search engine is widely accepted and used by the community, with the most notable example being Percolator-a semi-supervised machine learning model which learns a new scoring function for a given dataset. The usage of such tools is however bound to the search engine's scoring scheme, which doesn't always make full use of the intensity information present in a spectrum. We aim to show how this tool can be applied in such a way that maximizes the use of spectrum intensity information by leveraging another machine learning-based tool, MS2PIP. MS2PIP predicts fragment ion peak intensities. We show how comparing predicted intensities to annotated experimental spectra by calculating direct similarity metrics provides enough information for a tool such as Percolator to accurately separate two classes of peptide-to-spectrum matches. This approach allows using more information out of the data (compared with simpler intensity based metrics, like peak counting or explained intensities summing) while maintaining control of statistics such as the false discovery rate. All of the code is available online at https://github.com/compomics/ms2rescore. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Selection of Internal Standards for Quantitative Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometric Analysis Based on Correlation Coefficients.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) has shown its great success in the qualitative analysis of a wide range of organic and biological molecules. However, its application in quantitative analysis is still limited by the difficulty in the availability of isotope-labeled internal standards. The present work investigates the relationship between the correlation coefficient of the peak intensities of analyte and candidate internal standard ions and the linearity of possible quantitative analysis. Based on the two analyte examples, ciprofloxacin and substance P, the results show that the performance of the selected nonisotope-labeled internal standard is greatly related to the correlation coefficient. A high positive correlation coefficient (>0.7) between the ions of analyte and candidate standard can result in a good linearity (R2 > 0.98) and vice versa. The results provide a new way to select nonisotope-labeled internal standards for MALDI analysis and thus can be potentially applied in the rapid quantitative mass spectrometry.

Quadrupole pre-filter/mass filter transmission profiles: Experiment and simulation.

Quadrupole pre-filter transmission profiles are shown to be affected by the presence of trapped ions within the pre-filter of a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Trapped ions are the result of ions reflected at the pre-filter/mass filter boundary and lead to space charge effects that can affect the shape of the pre-filter transmission profile, ion beam stability, peak width and peak intensity. The development of high sensitivity mass spectrometers with bright ion beams leads to greater numbers of trapped ions. Experimental pre-filter transmission profiles have been measured with and without an empty step to clear the pre-filter region of trapped ions showing the extent that space charge has on ion transmission through the pre-filter. Ion trajectory simulations, using a restricted set of initial conditions, have been used to help understand the structure of the pre-filter transmission profile. Experiments show that the effects of trapped ions within the pre-filter can be easily seen in the shape of the pre-filter transmission profile, ion beam stability and peak shape. The pre-filter transmission profile shows structure which is related to the secular frequency of the ion of interest which is related to the Mathieu parameter q of the pre-filter. Simulations show that the nodes observed in the experimental transmission profile are spaced by half the secular period of the ion. The structure of the pre-filter transmission profile can be observed experimentally when steps are taken to remove trapped ions from within the pre-filter. A better understanding of the factors contributing to the shape of the pre-filter transmission profile from simulations has been demonstrated.

Rapid On-Site Detection of Illegal Drugs in Complex Matrix by Thermal Desorption Acetone-Assisted Photoionization Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer.

Illegal drug smugglings and crimes have long been a global concern, and an apparatus which can identify drugs on-the-spot is urgently demanded by law enforcement. A thermal desorption acetone-assisted photoionization miniature ion trap mass spectrometer was developed for on-site and rapid identification of illegal drugs at checkpoints. Acetone was chosen for dopant-assisted photoionization, and the sensitivity of selected drugs was further enhanced with protonated analyte molecular ions [M + H]+. For example, the sensitivity of ephedrine was improved by as high as 22-fold. The mass discrimination effect, which was usually considered as a shortcoming of ion trap mass analyzer, was ingeniously utilized to eliminate the protonated acetone reagent ions and maximize the trapping efficiency of analyte ions in mass analyzer. Twenty-seven drugs were analyzed, and the limits of detection (LODs) of selected illegal drugs were at the nanogram level with analysis time of 2 s. Analyte/dopant ion peak intensity ratios in mass spectra could be used for quantitation to improve the quantitative analysis performance of miniature ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI) with the prerequisite that dopant ions and analyte ions could be simultaneously and effectively trapped by the ion trap. The RSD of signal intensity was reduced from 25.3% to 8.5%, and the linear range was extended from 0.5-25 to 0.5-100 ng/μL for methamphetamine. A temperature-resolved thermal desorption sampling strategy was developed and used to distinguish illegal drug components in plant-based drug samples and drinks containing illegal drugs.

Identification and formation mechanism of the transient ion fragments produced in laser-induced dissociation of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene

AbstractDetailed knowledge of dissociation behavior and dissociation products is necessary to understand the stability, sensitivity, and the reactive mechanism of explosives under laser initiation. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was utilized to detect the transient products of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) produced under 532 nm pulse laser ablation, the possible attribution of intermediate ion fragments were confirmed. The laser fluence threshold for detectable fragments is about 3.6 J/cm2. The peak intensities of main ions (CN, CNO/C2H4N, NO2, C2N2O, HCN, C2NH2, etc.) increase with the increasing of laser fluence, and reach the maximum at 11.5 J/cm2. Moreover, time-depend changes of ion intensity indicate that the type and degree of reactions are different in different periods. According to the molecular structure of FOX-7 and the intermediate ions, the laser-induced dissociation mechanisms were proposed to illustrate the cause of the fragments which might throw some light on the laser initiation of FOX-7.

An algorithm to correct saturated mass spectrometry ion abundances for enhanced quantitation and mass accuracy in omic studies

The mass accuracy and peak intensity of ions detected by mass spectrometry (MS) measurements are essential to facilitate compound identification and quantitation. However, high concentration species can yield erroneous results if their ion intensities reach beyond the limits of the detection system, leading to distorted and non-ideal detector response (e.g. saturation), and largely precluding the calculation of accurate m/z and intensity values. Here we present an open source computational method to correct peaks above a defined intensity (saturated) threshold determined by the MS instrumentation such as the analog-to-digital converters or time-to-digital converters used in conjunction with time-of-flight MS. In this method, the isotopic envelope for each observed ion above the saturation threshold is compared to its expected theoretical isotopic distribution. The most intense isotopic peak for which saturation does not occur is then utilized to re-calculate the precursor m/z and correct the intensity, resulting in both higher mass accuracy and greater dynamic range. The benefits of this approach were evaluated with proteomic and lipidomic datasets of varying complexities. After correcting the high concentration species, reduced mass errors and enhanced dynamic range were observed for both simple and complex omic samples. Specifically, the mass error dropped by more than 50% in most cases for highly saturated species and dynamic range increased by 1–2 orders of magnitude for peptides in a blood serum sample.

Control of the clustering process in molecular beams using IR lasers

The control of clustering in molecular beams with the help of IR lasers is experimentally studied. Studies were performed with a molecular CF3I gas diluted with argon or xenon using a cw CO2 laser. The control of clustering is based on the resonance vibrational excitation of molecules or clusters by the IR laser radiation near the nozzle exit. Depending on the distance from the excitation region to the nozzle cut, the irradiation of the molecular beam either suppresses the clustering of resonantly excited molecules (when the beam is irradiated near the nozzle exit where clustering occurs) or causes the dissociation of small clusters (when the beam is irradiated away from the nozzle where clustering is at the growth stage). The suppression of molecular clustering and the dissociation of clusters in beams were studied by measuring and analyzing the integrated intensities of ion peaks of cluster fragments with a time-of-flight spectrometer. The efficiencies of clustering suppression and cluster dissociation were studied as functions of exciting laser radiation parameters, the beam irradiation geometry, gas parameters over the nozzle, and the nozzle construction. It is shown that the efficiencies of clustering suppression and cluster dissociation strongly depend on the exciting laser radiation intensity, the nozzle construction, and the distance from the irradiation region to the nozzle cut. Parameters providing the most efficient control of clustering suppression and cluster dissociation are found.

Transition temperature of poly(methyl methacrylate) determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and contact angle measurements

The surface chain conformations of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at different temperatures were extensively studied by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Similar to our previous experimental studies on polystyrene (PS) and poly(2, 3, 4, 5, 6-pentafluorostyrene) (5FPS), a transition temperature (TT) could be identified through the principal component analysis (PCA) of the ToF-SIMS spectra obtained from the PMMA samples annealed at different temperatures. Interestingly, our results show that the TT depended on molecular weight and was about 50–60˚C below the bulk glass transition temperature (Tg) and therefore could possibly be related to the surface glass transition temperature (TgS). These results were confirmed by contact angle measurements. ToF-SIMS results showed higher peak intensities of several low-mass oxygen-containing positive ions, hydrocarbon positive ions and OCH3− negative ion at higher temperatures, which can be interpreted by a higher surface concentration of methoxy groups at the surface.

Structural Properties and Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of Magnesium Gluconate Treated with the Energy of Consciousness Using LC-MS and NMR Spectroscopy

The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of The Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change in the structural properties and isotopic abundance ratio (PM+1/PM and PM+2/PM) using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control, and another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® treated sample. The LC-MS analysis of both the control and treated samples revealed the presence of the mass of the protonated magnesium gluconate at m/z 415 at the retention time of 1.52 min with almost similar fragmentation pattern. The relative peak intensities of the fragment ions of the treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. The proton and carbon signals for CH, CH2 and CO groups in the proton and carbon NMR spectra were found almost similar for the control and the treated samples. The isotopic abundance ratio analysis revealed that the isotopic abundance ratios of PM+1/PM (2H/1H or 13C/12C or 17O/16O or 25Mg/24Mg) and PM+2/PM (18O/16O or 26Mg/24Mg) were significantly decreased in the treated sample by 35.97% and 66.77%, respectively compared with the control sample. Briefly, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 25Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14)+ to m/z 416; 18O and 26Mg contributions from (C12H23MgO14)+ to m/z 417 in the treated sample were significantly reduced compared with the control sample. Thus, The Trivedi Effect® treated magnesium gluconate could be valuable for designing better pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical formulations through its changed physicochemical and thermal properties, which might be providing better therapeutic response against various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, allergy, aging, inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, and other chronic infections. The Trivedi Effect® Treated magnesium gluconate might be supportive to design the novel potent enzyme inhibitors using its kinetic isotope effects.

LC-MS and NMR Based Structural Characterization and Isotopic Abundance Ratio Analysis of Magnesium Gluconate Treated with the Consciousness Energy Healing

Magnesium gluconate is widely used pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound for the prevention and treatment of magnesium deficiency diseases. The present study was designed to explore the effect of The Trivedi Effect^® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) on magnesium gluconate for the change in the structural properties and isotopic abundance ratio (P_M+1/P_M and P_M+2/P_M) using LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control, and another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect^® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect^® treated sample. The LC-MS analysis of both the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples indicated the presence of mass of the protonated magnesium gluconate at <i>m/z</i> 415 at the retention time of 1.52 min and fragmentation pattern of both samples were almost identical. The relative peak intensities of the fragment ions were significantly altered in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The proton and carbon signals for CH, CH₂ and CO groups in the proton and carbon NMR spectra of the control and treated samples were found same. The percentage change in the isotopic abundance ratio of P_M+1/P_M (²H/¹H or ¹³C/¹²C or ¹⁷O/¹⁶O or ²⁵Mg/²⁴Mg) was significantly decreased in the treated sample by 48.87% compared to the control sample. Subsequently, the isotopic abundance ratio of P_M+2/P_M (¹⁸O/¹⁶O or ²⁶Mg/²⁴Mg) in the treated sample was significantly increased by 29.18% compared with the control sample. In summary, ¹³C, ²H, ¹⁷O, and ²⁵Mg contributions from (C₁₂H₂₃MgO₁₄)⁺ to <i>m/z</i> 416; ¹⁸O and ²⁶Mg contributions from (C₁₂H₂₃MgO₁₄)⁺ to <i>m/z</i> 417 in the treated sample were significantly altered compared with the control sample. Thus, The Trivedi Effect^® Treated magnesium gluconate might be helpful to design the novel potent enzyme inhibitors using its kinetic isotope effects. Consequently, The Trivedi Effect^® Treated magnesium gluconate would be valuable for designing better pharmaceutical and/or nutraceutical formulations through its altered physicochemical and thermal properties, which might be providing better therapeutic response against various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, allergy, aging, inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, and other chronic infections.