Peace Journalism Research Articles

Peace and Conflict Depiction in Newspapers Blog Contents: A Comparative Analysis of Pak-India Relations since 2019-2020

As Pak-Indian relations were on high alert throughout the 2019–2020 study period due to the Pulwama assault and other terrorist activity in Occupied Kashmir, this research was conducted to examine blogs for peace and conflict journalism. A content analysis procedure was utilized for data collection.Through the use of a coding sheet, data was gathered between December 2019 and 2020 to look into the potential influence of blogs on the war and peace reporting between Pakistan and India. According to the study's findings, bloggers primarily pushed war journalism rather than peace journalism. Both publications framed discussions of Pakistan-Indian ties in terms of trade, security, propaganda, border conditions, and issues related to nuclear war and Kashmir. This Study is important for media organizations, editors and reporters to develop a strategy for peace journalism instead of war and violence journalism. Blogs are a plying substantial role in opinion building and changing.

Framing the Israel-Palestine conflict 2021: Investigation of CNN’s coverage from a peace journalism perspective

This study uses textual analysis to examine CNN’s World News coverage of the 12-day conflict between Israel and Palestine in May 2021. We bring into conversation the influential factors that shape U.S. media coverage of other countries, as presented by Dorman and Farhang, and Galtung’s concept of war journalism in our analysis. Our findings show that CNN primarily took a war journalism approach to frame the conflict. However, calls for consideration of Palestinian human-rights from members of U.S. Congress led to coverage that aligned with a peace journalism framework. This finding illuminates the role of counter-discourse by elite social members in influencing the framing of conflict coverage in mainstream media. The study adds to our understanding of U.S. media coverage of ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine and the implications of war journalism versus peace journalism frames with regards to public discourse and understanding.

Why intervention in Afghan media failed to provide support for peace talks

This article presents and discusses data from two research methods on journalism in Afghanistan before the Taliban takeover of power in August 2021. News reports from the time of the intra-Afghan peace talks in September 2020 were analyzed using the Peace Journalism model. These were found to be predominantly War Journalism, leaving audiences cognitively primed for violent conflict responses and likely to overlook or fail to value peace initiatives. Interviews with 16 Afghan journalists revealed this pattern to be at odds with their aspirations and role perceptions. They wanted to report more in the style of Peace Journalism: revealing backgrounds and contexts; highlighting successes and achievements; giving a voice to all rival parties, and covering peace initiatives from whatever level. The constraints they identified, as impeding their preferred reporting approaches, were categorized using Reese and Shoemaker's Hierarchy of Influences model. Some were attributed to the commercial competitive market structure of Afghan media under the internationally supported government, after an initial infusion of development aid was reduced. In any such intervention in future, it is argued, news can play a positive role in building a constituency for peace—but only if aid interventions ensure that media are not left to operate on a purely commercial basis.

Mediated public diplomacy and peace journalism: International public news agencies on the Syrian crisis

As the liberal international order has been falling, the heteropolar order coupled with politics of uncertainty has been rising. In this context, illiberal regimes of status-seeking powers have realized the value of public diplomacy to promulgate their versions of the “reality.” Those illiberal regimes’ adoption of public diplomacy tools (incl. international public news agencies) has generated discussions on theoretical and practical approaches to the field at the intersection of political science/international relations, media, and communication studies. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to contribute to the emerging literature on public diplomacy of non-Western illiberal democracies. With the assumption that those regimes' illiberal democratic characteristics will be reflected in their public agencies' coverage styles (e.g., monologic, conflictive, and unbalanced), the article raises the following question: How do illiberal democracies utilize international public agencies as public diplomacy channels? To answer this question, it compares framing strategies (peace/war journalism) of the Russian TASS and the Turkish Anatolian Agency public agencies during the Syrian crisis. The findings reveal that those illiberal regimes’ public agencies have reported the crisis as a state-centric monolog in conflict with the West by distrupting the global public good (i.e., peace).

Finding peace journalism: An analysis of Pakistani media discourse on Afghan refugees and their forced repatriation from Pakistan

This study investigates media coverage of Afghan refugees by English-language media in Pakistan and explores how coverage is shaped by a shift in the political stance of the Pakistani state and establishment towards Afghanistan. The author examines how Afghan refugees, their forced repatriation from Pakistan, and the subsequent conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan were framed in both long-form and short-form media coverage over three years. Using Galtung’s Peace and War Journalism Model to inform the Critical Discourse Analysis, this study finds that conflict-escalatory frames dominated media coverage, and media stance changed over time to reflect state policy on the forced repatriation of over three million Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Findings reveal that the coverage in all four publications was highly politicized and inflammatory, the voice of Afghan refugees was significantly missing from coverage, while the Pakistani government and military elite were predominantly used as news sources. Based on the findings, the author argues that pressures from the Pakistani state and military establishment are key reasons why media coverage of Afghan refugees frequently contained negative frames of terrorism and ethnonationalism. Sporadic employment of limited peace-oriented framing was, however, observed in some of the coverage.

Ethical Issues in Peace Journalism

Ethical Issues in Peace Journalism

Jornalismo e ativismo: Um repórter português do lado russo da guerra na Ucrânia

This article proposes a thinking of the journalistic act as a theory of action, capable of responding to an analysis of the intersections between activism and journalism, by decomposing the individual and collective actantial dimensions of journalism, and the endogenous and exogenous interactions that shape and condition journalistic production. The case of Bruno Amaral de Carvalho, a Portuguese freelance journalist who, in 2022, spent more than half a year working on the Russian side of the war in Ukraine, is treated from a critical analysis of the discourse produced on Facebook by the reporter, during this period, and from a sample of works published on the CNN Portugal website. It investigates, from the theoretical confrontation with the peace journalism model (Galtung, 2003) and with visibility as a political concept (Brighenti, 2007), the feasibility or unfeasibility of individual agency of a journalistic act capable of overcoming invisibilities of causes and victims, thus contributing to the emergence of peacebuilding processes.

LEADING NEWSPAPER REPORTING ON TALIBAN BEFORE AND AFTER TAKEOVER OF AFGHANISTAN

The following study is concerned with the theory of peace journalism with reference to the issue of Afghanistan and Taliban. To fulfill this purpose, a two-month report from the Daily Dawn has been selected. The collected data has been investigated by the theoretical frame work of peace journalism and the methodology of content analysis. Although peace journalism analysis of content shows that reporting on Afghanistan is war related which is in contradiction to peace journalism, however, a number of unbiased news were also mentioned. The concluding results of this research shows that after the retaliation of the Taliban, the trajectory of news reporting has shifted to peace journalism, which can be predicted as a positive indication. Conflict reporting is complex but when done under the framework of peace journalism, even the most calamitous scenes and pictures could be altered in a manner that can help pave the path of peace and reconciliation.

Framing of Iranian Image in Leading English Press of Pakistan: An Analysis

Mass media is an important source of defining local and international issues through its function of framing. Media is using frames to construct the image of neighboring countries. It depicts the kind of image the country is having in eye of foreign public constructed by media. Iran is the neighbor country to Pakistan and their relationship is of unique characteristics. The study explores the image of the neighbouring country Iran as Positive, Negative or Neutral in Pakistani print media. It analyzes the content of news stories published in two daily English newspapers of Pakistan: Daily DAWN and THE NEWS. Ten months duration is chosen through convenience sampling, from 1st May 2019 to 31st July 2019 and then from 1st October 2020 to 30th April 2021. The results depict that Pakistani English press is framing Iran with positive image in its publications. The study concludes that “peace journalism” is used, and “Nuclear Energy” is the most redundant topic of discussion in the news stories. DAWN newspaper covered Iran more as compared to THE NEWS.

Between Two Crises: News Framing of Migration during the Greek-Turkish Border Crisis and COVID-19 in Greece

ABSTRACT Migration has been one of the most divisive issues in global politics and media has played a significant role in how people perceive and respond to it. This study employs peace journalism and framing theory to examine how Greek media portrayed migration to Greece during a dual crisis in early 2020: a Greek-Turkish border crisis and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. It contributes to previous literature in two important ways. First, by offering insights of news coverage of migration in the aftermath of the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe. Second, by examining the less-researched topic of media representations of migration during the pandemic. Results indicate that refugees and migrants are dehumanized in media discourse, portrayed as “enemies at the gate” of Europe and as carriers of the virus. The content analysis finds variations between different media outlets including language, approach, problem/threat definition and stereotypes. The article also identifies important similarities in news coverage; most notably, the dominance of political elites as sources across all media content, the absence of refugee/migrant voice and the focus on policies of border control and enforcement. We suggest that these patterns ultimately function to obscure the complexity of the refugee and migration issue.

Reframing South African TV news as peace journalism

This article presents an indicative sample from the results of an experiment that gatheredaudience responses to television news that was coded as “war journalism” and “peacejournalism” respectively, in South Africa, during April 2012. From the peace journalism model,evaluative criteria were derived under a set of five headings for content analysis of two televisionnews programmes and four newspapers. Distinctions under the headings were particularisedfor individual stories by critical discourse analysis to disclose potential sources of influencetransmitted into audience frames. The test material was then coded to fall within the upper andlower peace journalism quartiles of the ‘idiom and range’ of journalism, as currently practised,demonstrated by the content analysis. Transcripts of discussions by focus groups who saw thematerial, as well as written notes made whilst viewing by a larger sample of participants, werethemed according to Entman’s model of framing (1993), where causal interpretation is linked totreatment recommendation. From these interim findings, peace journalism proved to be ideationalin the sense that peace journalism viewers were more likely to perceive structural and/or systemicexplanations for problems, and more likely to see opportunities for therapeutic and/or cooperativeremedies to be applied through exertions of political agency from different levels.

Peace journalism as ideology or peace journalism as a semiotic act of world and life view?

In this article it is argued that in the context of critical media and cultural studies’ emphasis onideology, the accent in understanding peace journalism frequently falls on peace journalismas advocacy journalism and on peace journalism as an ideological manipulation of therepresentation of war, conflict, terrorism, protest and violence. For an alternative understandingof peace journalism, and in the light of renewed academic interest in the understanding of worldand life view as a comprehensive set of values underlying cognition and representation, thisarticle suggests a focus on the description and analyses of the a priori values underlying ajournalist’s world and life view and demonstrates how such values may or may not be rooted ina fundamental world and life view predisposed to peace versus violence and war as a solutionto conflict. Given world and life view’s emphasis on meaning and meaning-making, the articlethen suggests an understanding of peace journalism and an understanding among journalistsof their work, as a semiotic act and as such signifying and representing the values of world andlife views in rhetorical and dialogical ways. Such an understanding and consciousness may leadto heightened journalistic sensitivity regarding how war, violence, conflict and hate are reported.This article deals in consecutive parts with the topics peace journalism, world and life view asa construct and its possible application in the field of peace journalism, and journalism as asemiotic act, characterised by signification, representation, rhetoric and dialogue as four of themain building blocks of journalistic communication, including peace journalism.

Peace journalism in South Africa

This article presents a theoretical exploration of the concept of peace journalism. It assessesits usefulness for strengthening existing practices in the South African media. Peace journalismaddresses issues around journalistic practices in relation to story selection and presentation withthe aim of facilitating non-violent responses to real and potential conflict. There is no doubt thatcommercial media coverage often relies on sensational and inflammatory discourse to attractconsumers (audience), and that, even during times of peace, political communication frequentlyincorporates conflict or war terminology. Given the potential for individual and intergroup violence(actual or latent) due to the diverse nature of the population and South Africa’s historical legacies,there is a need to address peace-communication concerns on a continuous basis. This article isbased on a review of seminal literature in the field and also on the discussion and findings of around table conducted at the University of Johannesburg on 27 and 28 October 2011 with a numberof South African academics and representatives of national media-monitoring organisations.

Peace journalism and the usage of online sources

This article looks at reporting practices in the South African news media with regard to onlinesources and the realisation of peace journalism. Based on data collected from questionnairesand interviews with journalists, media scholars and media monitors in South Africa, the articleexplores their responses to suggestions that Internet sources are more politically biased thanare traditional sources and determines both the extent to which journalists use them and theextent to which they should rely on online sources. The discussion around online sources andpotential bias and even hate speech is linked up with normative ideas and debates around peacejournalism in the South African news media and the promise of peace journalism through theusage of alternative news sources.

Chastising the child of necessity: peace journalism and Almajiri repatriation during COVID-19

ABSTRACT COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to global health and livelihoods. While countries take measures to protect their citizens and reduce hardships on vulnerable populations who seem to suffer most, COVID-19 puts a spotlight on Nigeria’s severe problem of child neglect. We investigate Nigerian newspapers’ adoption of a peace journalism approach to emphasize the underlying causes of child neglect in their reporting of the oppressive deportation of child beggars called Almajirai during COVID-19. A qualitative content analysis of articles obtained from six Nigerian newspaper websites indicates a positive response to peace-oriented journalism, which suggests a comprehensive peace journalism intervention is needed.

PENERAPAN JURNALISME DAMAI DALAM PEMBERITAAN KUDETA MYANMAR DI MEDIA ONLINE KOMPAS.COM

Myanmar coup d'etat again, military groups take over state power. This is inseparable from the world's eyes, and this is where the media plays a big role in guiding the views and opinions of the public. Media Be a pioneer of peace. So the purpose of this study is to find out how the application of Peace Journalism in reporting the Myanmar coup in the online media Kompas.com.This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a framing model from Robert Entman. The results show that Kompas.com framed the coup as a crucial issue involving the safety of many lives. In general, Kompas.com seems to have implemented Peace Journalism. However, if we look more deeply, Kompas.com still indicates that there are subjective opinions and title dictions that lead to provocation or truth orientation.

Value Consistency in Peace Journalism: Opposing Structural and Cultural Violence through Prodding for Positive Peace

ABSTRACT The father of peace studies addressed more nuances in the progress toward peace than journalism scholarship has applied to date. One problem has been emphasizing direct violence over cultural and structural violence. This essay questions the assumption that all parties in a conflict should be treated equally, suggesting that journalists judge motivations ranging from selfish to philanthropic. Philosophies of just peace and just war provide a series of questions to prompt variation in scholarly assessment of conflict situations. Journalists are encouraged to create tension against cultural and structural violence using a proposed framework to promote an enduring equanimous peace.

Book review: Reporting immigration conflict: opportunities for peace journalism

Book review: Reporting immigration conflict: opportunities for peace journalism

Analyzing The Role of Peace Journalism to Sustain Social Cohesion: Case Study of TLP protest in Pakistan

Media, the fourth pillar of the state, plays a significant role in shaping the society and perception building of individuals and communities. Though media rapidly grew in Pakistan in Musharraf’s era, therefore a room of legislation, well-articulated policies and structured strategies were lacking. These shortcomings have an inclination towards peace and stability of social cohesion. The comprehensive policy plan of media in collaboration with the rest of the three pillars of state remained questionable. This impediment of policy boosted the chaos with any upcoming conflict or movement. Subsequently, the persistent movement of Tahreek e Labaik Pakistan (TLP) in Pakistan hampered the fabric of social cohesion and dully impaired by the exaggerated reporting through media. For an in-depth analysis of the role of media in strengthening society, a dire need to have comprehensive knowledge of internal and external issues of Pakistan, the complexities of media and finding out its relevance with Gatekeeping theory of communication studies. The immensity of the subject necessitates to select and compare news reported on TLP through top-rated news channels of Pakistan (PTV News, Geo TV and SAMAA News) to have concrete evidences of peace journalism and its impact on social cohesion. Finally, this paper endeavors to address the multifaceted and challenging phenomenon of peace journalism and establish a linkage to prosperous social cohesion and draw lessons from the role of Government in limiting and controlling media during the protest of TLP in recent years. Furthermore, the social responsibility of media makes all broadcasting channels accountable for any mislead or misperception among the masses through the narrative building.

Teori Pers Islam dalam Etika Jurnalistik Islami (Kajian Ayat-ayat Suci Alquran sebagai Pedoman Jurnalisme Damai)

A This article examines the formulation of Islamic Press Theory in Islamic Journalistic Ethics. The rules in carrying out journalistic duties cannot be separated from Islamic teachings that are guided by the Koran. The scope of is limited to the study of the Holy Qur'anic verses that can be used as a guide for peace journalism. So far, some academics and members of the Muslim press have used western press theory in scientific studies and guidelines for carrying out journalistic duties. The purpose of this study is to examine the verses of the Holy Qur'an related to the principles of peace journalism. In addition, this study is expected to add insight into the guidelines for peace journalism that exist in Islam and can be applied in carrying out the duties of press personnel. The researcher uses a qualitative content analysis approach to examine some of the holy verses of the Koran related to Islamic journalistic ethics to be used as guidelines in journalism. peace. Researchers also use supporting documents from books, journals and internet sources. The results of the study indicate that the formulation of Islamic Press Theory needs to be continuously socialized in various activities, both lectures or journalistic training, especially on Islamic campuses. In the Qur'an there are several holy Qur'anic verses that can be used as guidelines in carrying out peace journalism. Some of the verses of the Koran are Al Hujurat [49]: 1-13 Al Ahzab [33]: 70 Al Nur [24]: 19.