Issues Of Peace Research Articles

Experiences of Teaching Transformative Pedagogies for Peace-building across Selected Institutions of Higher Learning in South Africa

The primary objective of this study was to report on a series of workshops that were held in three institutions of higher learning on resilience, peace-building and prevention of violence using transformative pedagogies (TP). This progressive approach to teaching and learning is known as an activist approach and it is a reaction to the traditional approach to teaching and learning which perceive teachers as the people who control the teaching and learning process. The study was a mixed method and was premised on transformative paradigm. Data was collected using evaluation survey from participants and reflection from facilitators on the feedback and experiences in the delivery of the workshops in the three institutions. The participants in the series of workshops were the lecturers, student teachers and members of students’ representative council (SRC). The workshops aimed at equipping the participants with the skill to be peace-builders by articulating how the issues of peace and violence manifests and intersect in the South African contexts and beyond. Furthermore, the participants were expected to identify strategies for enhancing education for peacebuilding in their own contexts using transformative pedagogies. The results revealed and provided feedback not only on the effectiveness of the project but also assisted in illuminating the effectiveness of the use of transformative pedagogies in the classrooms and change learners and students to be peace ambassadors.

Women and Peace in Iraq Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects for A Better Future

We talked to 91 women (and some men) activists, civil society representatives, journalists, legal experts and academics in Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Kirkuk, Najaf and Nineveh. We listened to what they had to say about peace and justice, existing challenges to achieving these, and how the challenges can and should be overcome. We adopted a lens that focuses on women and gender and through this lens we looked at the processes of formal and informal peacebuilding and transitional justice. As expected, the research showed that Iraqi activists have valuable insights to offer when it comes to issues of peace and justice in Iraq. It also showed that Iraqi peace activists work hard, indeed harder than the government, and make real change and impact on the ground. However, despite the impressiveness and value of this work, it remains small-scale and unnoticed as it is surrounded by a large web of ‘continuum of violence’,[i] legal and institutional obstacles, long-term gendered structural context, social gender norms and a political establishment that adheres to a conservative and patriarchal interpretation of religious and tribal norms. The obstacles and limitations to women’s participation in peacebuilding are immense and manifold, but these have not stopped Iraqi women in the past and will not stop them today or in the future either. Several important insights and lessons emerged from our conversations. It is impossible to do justice to all that rich and incredible knowledge, experience, and wisdom. However, here is an attempt to summarise the most important messages to emerge out of these: First, this research showed that there is a rich plethora of definitions of peace in Iraq. Peace activities are defined in a comprehensive way by women and men in Iraq, which goes well beyond the narrow, formal conceptions of peace and justice.. Second, Iraqi activists define and understand peace and its relationship to justice in different ways and these depend on the line of work they pursue, the circumstances of the province, and the specific community, group or people and issue under discussion. Women peace activists and feminists call for a proper implementation of CEDAW and other international human rights principles that affect women and girls. However, this does not mean that they endorse the political agendas pursued by foreign states. Women peace and rights activities are stuck in a complicated place defined by the intersection of foreign funding and international/regional politics and this creates significant potential risks for them. Third, so much existing peace work is going unnoticed in Iraq in which women and men of all ages, but especially the young, are working relentlessly. Despite difficult circumstances, these individuals and groups carry out impressive voluntary work often in collaboration with local civil society organisations. Fourth, formal peacebuilding mechanisms, on the other hand, such as the Committee for Coexistence and Community Peace, had less positive attributes compared to their informal counterparts. Some of the local peace committees have carried out important work and have been more inclusive than the other formal mechanisms such as the Martyrs Foundation. Still, formal mechanisms are less inclusive and informal mechanisms, and only a small number of women take part in them. Fifth, opinion is divided about the Iraqi National Plan regarding resolution 1325, which was seen by respondents as another form of formal peacebuilding. The Plan is considered to be a huge achievement in bringing the issue of women’s participation in peace processes to the political agenda. However, the Plan has not made a real impact and has not changed the status of women’s participation in formal peacebuilding and negotiations in Iraq. Some of the respondents, including women civil society representatives, had not even heard of the Plan while others had heard of it in name only but not witnessed any of its work. Most of the work and discussion in relation to INAP takes place in Baghdad and Erbil. However, the Plan mostly remains unimplemented due to a lack of political will and a limited budget to fund its activities. Sixth, there is huge discrepancy between existing transitional justice mechanisms used by the Iraqi government and what respondents called ‘real justice’, as well as legal discrimination against women, a lack of legal protection for women, and the lack of punishment for perpetrators of violence against women. Respondents provided a much wider scope of issues and activities in relation to peace and transitional justice, issues that go beyond the formal justice procedures offered by the government. Seventh, customary rules have a significant impact on women’s participation in peacebuilding by limiting women’s participation in public life [i]Cockburn, Cynthia, 2004. ‘The Continuum of Violence: A Gender Perspective on War and Peace’. In Sites of Violence: Gender and Conflict Zones, eds. W. Giles and J. Hyndman. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 24-44.

Diplomazia pontificia e Comunità internazionale nel contesto del contributo della Santa Sede al bene dell’umanità

SOMMARIO: 1. La funzione e il ruolo della diplomazia pontificia nella Comunità internazionale - 2. Le dimensioni dell’attività diplomatica della Santa Sede dal pontificato di Giovanni Paolo II a quello di Francesco - 3. Il riconoscimento dei diritti umani nella diplomazia di Papa Francesco - 4. A servizio della pace nel mondo - 5. Libertà religiosa, cooperazione per il bene comune e promozione della persona umana - 6. Annotazioni conclusive.
 Diplomacy of the Holy See and the International Community In the context of the Holy See’s contribution to the good of mankind
 ABSTRACT: The article takes into consideration the reasons and purposes for the presence of the ‘supreme governing body of the Catholic Church’ in the international Community. The author reflects on the relationship between the diplomatic activity of the Holy See and the delicate issues of peace and war. Therefore, attention is given to the methods of intervention put in place by Pope Francis with reference to the protection of fundamental human rights. In fact, from the pontificate of Paul VI, to those of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, to even the present pontificate of Francis, the juridical and geo-political questions concerning peace and terrorism, war and nuclear disarmament, the defense of religious freedom and the improvement of universal relations between states, the reform of international organizations and the promotion of human rights have strongly characterized the modus agendi of the two thousand year-old papal diplomacy. Faced with these questions, the Holy See seems to confirm both its own sui generis international juridical subjectivity and its own ‘positive neutrality’ by means of a significant work of mediation in offering universally shared solutions to protect the ontological, irrepressible dignity of the human person.

The U.S.-China Rivalry in Africa: Challenges and Prospects

In recent years the African continent, possessing a significant resource, economic and demographic potential, has become a scene of the growing rivalry between China and the United States. On the basis of a wide range of primary sources and recent researches, the author provides an in-depth analysis of both the current state and prospects for interaction between the two powers in Africa. The first section examines the key areas and features of China’s economic activities across the African continent, their trends and scope. The author shows, that among the factors that contributed to the strengthening of the PRC’s economic position in the region was its willingness to provide large loans and take part in ambitious infrastructure projects without imposing political conditions and without interfering in the internal affairs of African states. Such an approach allowed China to supersede the US in a number of sensitive areas (trade, mining of rare earth elements, humanitarian cooperation), as well as to gain the diplomatic support of African states, primarily within the UN. The second section examines ideological and military-political rivalry between the PRC and the United States in Africa. The author emphasizes the lack of consensus in the U.S. expert community on China’s readiness and desire to escalate the Cold War-like confrontation with the United States in Africa. The African states are not prepared for such confrontation either. However, the author concludes that the competition between China and the United States in Africa does not necessarily imply only the logic of confrontation. It is possible to find some common ground, for example, in developing market relations, promoting infrastructure projects, combating piracy, expanding healthcare facilities in the African states, etc. According to the author, such an approach could prioritize the issues of peace and the development of the African peoples.

Unbowed, unbent, unbroken? Examining the validity of the responsibility to protect

How has the sentiment around the “responsibility to protect” (R2P) changed over time? Scholars have debated far and wide whether the political norm enjoys widespread discursive acceptance or is on the brink of decline. This article contends that we can use sentiment analysis as an important indicator for norm validity. My analysis provides three crucial insights. First, despite the well-known fear of some scholars, R2P is still frequently invoked in Security Council deliberations on issues of international peace and security. Second, overall levels of affirmative language have remained remarkably stable over time. This finding indicates that R2P is far from being obliterated. Out of 130 states, 4 international organizations (IOs), and 2 non-governmental organizations (NGOs) invoking the norm, 65% maintain a positive net-sentiment. Third, zooming into Libya as a case illustration of a critical juncture, we see some minor tonal shifts from some pivotal member states. Adding the fact that interest constellations within the Permanent Five are heterogeneous concerning the third pillar of R2P, future military interventions, sanctioned under the norm, seem unlikely.

Reakcje Stolicy Apostolskiej wobec wybuchu wojny na Ukrainie w 2014 roku

The article presents the results of research on the reaction of the Holy See to the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2014. Numerous papal messages, letters, appeals, speeches and talks with representatives of diplomacy have been shown, which indicate active dialogue during the emerging conflict. The representatives of the Holy See initiated meetings in the international arena that dealt with the issue of peace in Ukraine. The publication also presents the dialogue and joint initiatives of religious communities in Ukraine, initiated by the Holy See. So is mutual teaching that unequivocally calls for a condemnation of violence and an end to hostilities in Ukraine. The implementation of the research process also shows the Holy See’s contemporary involvement in the current course of events and ensuring peace in Ukraine.

Amerindian war and religion in the Eastern Woodlands of North America, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

ABSTRACT This article focuses on violent conflict among indigenous groups in the Eastern Woodlands of North America from the seventeenth to the late eighteenth century. Amerindian groups struggled here against European domination and among themselves for various reasons. However, warfare was conceived in spiritual and religious terms and remained a highly ritualized affair. With their long and intense history of martial interaction and the prominent role of women in the war complex, the Iroquoian Amerindians of the Eastern Woodlands are an interesting case of collective violence in non-state societies. In contrast to many stratified pre-industrial societies, neither war nor religion had to legitimize domination by an elite class. Both spheres were individual, kinship, or communal affairs. But religious beliefs played a role in motivating and justifying raids and warfare, which were sanctified by the need to satisfy the souls of dead kinsmen. Failure to avenge a relative’s death meant provoking the wrath of the deceased’s soul. The torture and killing of captives was often a sacrifice to deities and a means to renew the spiritual strength of lineages, clans and villages. While Iroquois women did not go on the war path themselves, the female elders of the clans had, in contrast to most other societies, a say on issues of war and peace and female relatives played a crucial role in instigating raids in revenge for killed relatives. Beyond this, they actively participated in the ritual torture of captives.

VALUE COMPONENT OF THE DIALOGICAL APPROACH IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

In the modern, globalised world, international relations have expanded from traditional issues of war and peace, which were dealt with by heads of state and career diplomats mainly on a bilateral basis, to include economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural, educational, scientific, religious relations with the establishment of international organisations that act as platforms for coordinating the interests of different countries. The development of production, education, science, and environmental problems increase the importance of international relations, given the interdependence of countries, the impossibility of development without broad international cooperation, which requires a high level of tolerance and humanisation of relations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of modern international relations, changes in their guidelines towards broad cooperation between countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts and disputes, which mainstreams the search for tools most suitable in this regard. In the course of the study, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative historical method, generalisation method, idealisation method, and the method of systematic approach. The study defined dialogue as a universal way of communication between subjects of international relations, the role of which in modern international relations has considerably increased. The study noted that in modern dialogue, the role of personal, cultural, and other features of its participants increases. Since it is dialogue in its various forms and manifestations that constitutes a universal form of coordination of the interests of subjects of different countries, and its spheres and range of subjects have substantially expanded, the development of purposeful forms of dialogue will contribute to the search for effective regulatory, institutional, communicative, and other forms of conflict resolution and coordination of interests aimed at developing international cooperation.

VALUE COMPONENT OF THE DIALOGICAL APPROACH IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

In the modern, globalised world, international relations have expanded from traditional issues of war and peace, which were dealt with by heads of state and career diplomats mainly on a bilateral basis, to include economic, environmental, humanitarian, cultural, educational, scientific, religious relations with the establishment of international organisations that act as platforms for coordinating the interests of different countries. The development of production, education, science, and environmental problems increase the importance of international relations, given the interdependence of countries, the impossibility of development without broad international cooperation, which requires a high level of tolerance and humanisation of relations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the features of modern international relations, changes in their guidelines towards broad cooperation between countries, peaceful resolution of conflicts and disputes, which mainstreams the search for tools most suitable in this regard. In the course of the study, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative historical method, generalisation method, idealisation method, and the method of systematic approach. The study defined dialogue as a universal way of communication between subjects of international relations, the role of which in modern international relations has considerably increased. The study noted that in modern dialogue, the role of personal, cultural, and other features of its participants increases. Since it is dialogue in its various forms and manifestations that constitutes a universal form of coordination of the interests of subjects of different countries, and its spheres and range of subjects have substantially expanded, the development of purposeful forms of dialogue will contribute to the search for effective regulatory, institutional, communicative, and other forms of conflict resolution and coordination of interests aimed at developing international cooperation.

Legacies of Political Violence and Voter Behavior in Colombia

Do legacies of politically motivated violence influence future or current electoral behaviour? How so? This article considers the question of the impact of violence on voter behaviour, specifically on elections that centred on issues of peace in contexts of long-running civil conflict. This study theorises the ways in which decades of violence, and continued contexts of unevenly distributed violence during elections, impacts current electoral behaviour. This article explores whether continued exposure to violence makes voters more or less conciliatory in their political preferences as expressed through electoral institutions. To do this, the article utilises the second round of voting in the 2014 and 2018 Colombian presidential elections and the 2016 plebiscite vote on the peace accords with the leftist guerrilla group Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, along with a data set that records politically motivated violent events perpetrated by insurgents, counterinsurgents, and the state forces at a municipal level from 1991 to 2012.

Produk Peace Socio Academy Boardgame Wawuh sebagai Media Pengenalan dan Pencegahan Diskriminasi terhadap Kelompok Minoritas: Studi Deskriptif Uji Bermain pada Anggota Pramuka UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Discrimination against minority groups still occurs in Indonesia, both in the form of verbal and non-verbal violence. The last discrimination that occurred was the closure of the Ahmadiyah Mosque in Garut, West Java in 2021. According to Foucault, discrimination occurs due to the existence of a power system to regulate knowledge and hegemony in society through the normalization of knowledge which is a tool of power so that discrimination and even intolerance can be justified in society. The Wawuh boardgame is a medium for spreading tolerance and peace through 9 basic human rights, namely; the right to life, the right to receive, the right to work, the right to health, the right to education, the right to facilities, the right to protection, the right to voice, and the right to administration. This study aims to determine the extent of changes in perspective and behavior of tolerance after playing the Wawuh Boardgame. This game is played to members of the Scouts of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Batch 39 who have not been exposed to the issue of peace and violence based on minority group discrimination. This research method uses a combined qualitative and quantitative approach because the data collection uses a questionnaire whose results will be described in written form and the researcher can describe with a clear purpose. The results and discussion of this study prove that there is an attitude of tolerance and a change in perspective by 86% as well as increasing information about minority groups against members of the Scouts of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Batch 39. The conclusion of this study is that the Wawuh Boardgame is effective in campaigning for peace and can introduce minority groups as well as being able to prevent discrimination at all levels.

Apocalypse or Zion? How Eschatology Affects Attitudes toward Social Peace Among Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) hold differing eschatological views in relation to the role of God and His followers in ushering in the Second Coming of Christ and a thousand years of peace. Some emphasize the human responsibility to create peaceful conditions on earth to usher in Christ’s return (Human Action eschatology), others emphasize the role of Christ in creating peaceful conditions on earth upon His return (Divine Action eschatology), and others view peace as the result of both human and divine action with equal emphasis (Co-participation eschatology). In this study, we compare differences in personal attitudes of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social peace across these eschatologies. Four hundred and five LDS participants completed the Eschatological Attitudinal Survey (EAS), the Congruence Scale, the Prosocial Personality Battery, and the Social Justice Scale. Participants with a Divine Action eschatology scored higher on measures of intrapersonal peace and lower on measures of social peace. Conversely, participants with a Human Action eschatology scored lower on intrapersonal peace and higher on issues of social peace. By contrast, participants with a Co-participation eschatology were more likely to give equal weight to all three measures of peace: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social.

Pytanie o pokój w myśli Gabriela Marcela

The main consideration of this analysis focuses on personalistic and existential thinking of Gabriel Marcel concerning the philosophical and ethical importance of peace. The aim of research is to present the inspiration from Gabriel Marcel’s thought for pedagogical reflection mutual relation between peace and education. The main research problem is analysis of the importance of the issue of peace that is present in the philosophy of Gabriel Marcel for reflection on personal development and education. The reflection process was conducted on the basis of an content analysis based in particular on Gabriel Marcel’s speech delivered on the occasion of the award Prix de la Pax granted by Union des Libraires allemands in 1964. The results of the analysis show that the source of peace is a genuine community between people. This spirit of community is manifested when each person finds in other person real existential qualities and values, when each person considers to be a value for the meaningfulness of its own being. We need an awareness of one’s own insufficience and a sense of humility makes real the role of the other for the self so that through interrelationship and intersubjectivity persons in actual situations promote availability and openness toward each other.

Sacralization of Peace by the Choice of Dates for Conclusion of International Treaties within Westphalian System

The issues of peace have always been important for historical science. However, in recent years, international historiography began to pay attention to Peace congresses' symbolism and socio-cultural design. The symbolic power of "special days" whether it is a Christian holiday or an event of exceptional significance allowed people of early Modernity to express their attitude to reality and power. An analysis of the choice of the dates for the conclusion of Peace by adversary states within the Westphalian system demonstrates three persistent variants of the dates. The first is signing a peace treaty on Saturday, Sunday, or a Christian holiday. The most striking example of this option is the signing of the Peace of Westphalia itself (treaties in Münster and Osnabrück on October 24, 1648), on Saturday the day before the second Sunday after Trinity. The second option involves a reference to an important event in the past. For example, the Peace in Passarovitz between the Holy Roman Empire and Porta (1718) and the Russian-Turkish Peace in Kuchuk-Kaynardzhi (1774) were signed on the same date July 21, the date when Istanbul and Peter the Great signed the Prut Peace Treaty in 1711. Since the age of the Enlightenment, when the "Right of Peace" began to compete with the "Right of War" in political theories, the date of Peace could be directly determined by the end of negotiations. Sometimes the conclusion of the Peace became a Christian holiday. Peter the Great decided to consecrate the day of the conclusion of the Nystad Peace Treaty by transferring the relics of the Holy Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky from Vladimir to the new Russian capital St. Petersburg. Conclusion of the Peace was used as a tool of social constructivism, implemented through modeling. The political idea was symbolically grounded in significant historical or religious dates. Combining the historical precedent, the Christian holiday and the end of the war emphasized the sacred nature of Peace as the highest social value.

The Role of the New Media in Promoting Societal Peace Issues after the ISIS Terrorist(A: Study on the Public in Ramadi)

The Role of the New Media in Promoting Societal Peace Issues after the ISIS Terrorist(A: Study on the Public in Ramadi)

FROM THE HISTORY OF THE TOLERANCE PRINCIPLE IN UZBEKISTAN

In this article has been analyzed tolerance principle and the revival of Islamic traditions in Uzbekistan using regulatory and scientific literatures and sources as well. It has also analyzed that in our independent republic the issue of harmony, peace and harmony among nations is of great importance, and tolerance has always been a behavioral goal in all historical periods. KEYWORDS: Uzbekistan, religious tolerance, spiritual values, confession, interethnic consent, religious organization, constitution, freedom of conscience

The philosophy of peace

The article deals with the issues of war and peace, international security, and the features of modern conflicts. It is noted that, although a powerful legal and organizational infrastructure has been constructed on the basis of the UN, which is engaged in conflict resolution, the problem of preventing war remains relevant. Russia, using its military and political resources, is actively acting as a peacemaker at the global level, but primarily in the post-Soviet space. According to the author, along with rapid response to current challenges and threats, it is necessary to consider the topic of peacekeeping at a fundamental philosophical level. The philosophy of peacemaking as a methodology implies an awareness of the deep unity of the world, with the inevitable presence of social contradictions and changes caused by them in political and socio-economic systems. Peace, understood as the absence of contradictions and conflicts caused by them, is impossible in principle. It is possible to minimize the negative consequences of conflicts, which is the meaning of peacemaking. The highest axiology of peacemaking, in the author's opinion, is ensuring security and comprehensive human development, protecting political and social rights, cultural and spiritual values. It is concluded that peacekeeping includes not only military operations to neutralize the sources of military threats, but also multifunctional and multidimensional systemic actions aimed at stabilizing the situation in the conflict region through political decisions and assistance in establishing peaceful life. Along with military and police contingents, qualified specialists in the field of political analysis and negotiation should participate in peacekeeping operations to assist in the transition to peace, security and development.

Investigating Arman Shahr in Asi’s Poems

When the grief around the poet and writer is fragile and when life is filled with sorrow and bitterness, then tyranny and oppression become the ordinary profession of the people in several cases; creator, literary and artistic works as a conscious and connected stratum of society do not became the only spectators, instead with the help of transcendent thoughts and creative minds, they create a valuable creation to be mirror of the dreams and desire of people. On the other hand, they reflects the loud sounds in the face of oppression. Sometimes, the poet and writer thinks calmly in the order to get out of the misfortunes. He takes on idea plane in his mind and throw it. It is the form of al- fadh which the term utopia is more suitable to clarify it. The present study reflects the ideas of the Utopia of Abdul Qahar Asi, the contemporary poet of Afghanistan. In this research, it is tried to identify clear examples of the poet`s word to explain the ideal reading, expression, the dimension and angles of the poet`s utopia. In the continuation of this research, we come to the conclusion that a poet lived in the darkest political situation in Afghanistan who composed a poem and built on utopia to relieve his plan and sorrows. The main indicators of the utopia are the issue of humanity, peace, and love. What he hates and does not want to be in his utopia are war, discrimination, injustice, poverty and selfishness.

Barriers to sustainability at Pakistan public universities and the way forward

PurposeSustainability has globally become a mantra to address complex and unprecedented survival, social, political and peace issues. Higher education institutions bear responsibility to address them. This paper aims to explore barriers that Pakistani public universities (PPUs) face in embedding sustainability at their campuses. This paper also offers potential opportunities to take initiatives to minimize barriers and move towards a sustainable future.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on case study approach, and data were gathered through interviews and documents. Interviews with 11 academic administrators were conducted to gain deeper understanding on issues of governance and its influence on sustainability. Data were analysed using thematic analysis that created thematic map/model.FindingsKey findings include, firstly, that majority of participants think poor governance is the biggest issue in demoting sustainability. This barrier causes an array of interconnected barriers. Secondly, participants strongly associate unsustainability with lack of institutional change and training. Finally, lack of resources was the most frequently articulated barrier. Findings provided a rationale to propose suggestions to promote sustainability.Originality/valueDeveloped countries are leaders in promoting sustainability, whereas developing countries are laggards. Pakistan, a developing country, does not have substantial research to reveal the barriers PPUs are facing to promote sustainability. This paper is an attempt to address research gap in identifying barriers to sustainability.

Reflections on COVID-19 from a Christian Perspective of Justice and Peace

The COVID 19 pandemic has provoked many reflections. Here we present some of them formulated from a Christian perspective of justice and peace, that is, from the point of view of a Christian committed to building a world of justice and peace following the Social Teaching of the Church. The first group of reflections has to do with being a Christian per se, and therefore the virtues that used to be neglected and those that are currently exercised in the time of pandemic are taken into consideration: hope, humility, prudence, fortitude. The second group of reflections deals directly with the issues of justice and peace. During the pandemic, these issues manifested as closely related: “everything is related, everything is connected.” After a consideration of an existential nature on justice, follow others: on the principles of solidarity, subsidiarity, health as a global public good and on the crucial issues of work and respect for creation. Finally, the Christian proposal is indicated, which is that of the “culture of care” proposed in terms of integral ecology.